earth as a system - environmental science
TRANSCRIPT
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The Earth as a System
The Earth as a System
Earth’s SpheresEarth’s Spheres
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Earth System Science (ESS)Earth System Science (ESS)
• The study of the interactions between and among events and Earth’s spheres
• A relatively new science (1988)
• The study of the interactions between and among events and Earth’s spheres
• A relatively new science (1988)
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Earth’s SphereEarth’s Sphere
• Atmosphere• Hydrosphere• Lithosphere• Biosphere• Cryosphere• Anthrosphere
• Atmosphere• Hydrosphere• Lithosphere• Biosphere• Cryosphere• Anthrosphere
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AtmosphereAtmosphere
• A gaseous sphere and it envelopes the Earth,
• Consists of a mixture of gases composed primarily of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
• A gaseous sphere and it envelopes the Earth,
• Consists of a mixture of gases composed primarily of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
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HydrosphereHydrosphere
• All of the water on Earth
• 71% of the earth is covered by water and only 29% is terra firma
• All of the water on Earth
• 71% of the earth is covered by water and only 29% is terra firma
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LithosphereLithosphere
• The Earth's solid surface, often called the crust of the earth. It includes continental and oceanic crust as well as the various layers of the Earth's interior.
• The Earth's solid surface, often called the crust of the earth. It includes continental and oceanic crust as well as the various layers of the Earth's interior.
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BiosphereBiosphere• All life on earth,
including man, and all organisms.
• The life zone on our planet distinguishes our planet from the others in the solar system.
• All life on earth, including man, and all organisms.
• The life zone on our planet distinguishes our planet from the others in the solar system.
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CryosphereCryosphere• The portion of the
Earth's surface where water is in a solid form
• Snow or ice: includes glaciers, ice shelves, snow, icebergs, and arctic climatology
• The portion of the Earth's surface where water is in a solid form
• Snow or ice: includes glaciers, ice shelves, snow, icebergs, and arctic climatology
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AnthrosphereAnthrosphere
• Man and his direct ancestors, hominids.
• The human population, it’s buildings,dams, and other constructions.
• Man and his direct ancestors, hominids.
• The human population, it’s buildings,dams, and other constructions.
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Interconnected SpheresInterconnected Spheres
• Spheres are closely connected• Changes are often chain reactions
• A change in one sphere results in changes in others - called an event– Forest fire destroys plants in an area
• Interactions between spheres– No plants => erosion – Soil in water => increased turbidity– Turbidity => impacts water plants/animals
• Spheres are closely connected• Changes are often chain reactions
• A change in one sphere results in changes in others - called an event– Forest fire destroys plants in an area
• Interactions between spheres– No plants => erosion – Soil in water => increased turbidity– Turbidity => impacts water plants/animals
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Event <=> SphereEvent <=> Sphere
• Causes & Effects
• Interactions
• Event <=>Sphere• Sphere<=>Sphere
• Causes & Effects
• Interactions
• Event <=>Sphere• Sphere<=>Sphere
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Understanding Interactions
Understanding Interactions
• Global implications• Helps people predict outcomes
• Preparation for natural disasters• Environmental impacts of human
activities
• Global implications• Helps people predict outcomes
• Preparation for natural disasters• Environmental impacts of human
activities
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ESS AnalysisESS Analysis
• Events– Cause-effect events– Interactions– Natural events
• Earthquake, hurricane, forest fires
– Human caused events• Oil spill, air pollution, construction
• Events– Cause-effect events– Interactions– Natural events
• Earthquake, hurricane, forest fires
– Human caused events• Oil spill, air pollution, construction