earth in space and time
DESCRIPTION
Earth in Space and Time. Grade 3 Mrs. Mullins. Star. any one of the objects in space that are made of burning gas and that look like points of light in the night sky . Size. the total amount of physical space that a person or thing occupies how large or small someone or something is . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Earth in Space and Time
Grade 3Mrs. Mullins
![Page 2: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Star
• any one of the objects in space that are made of burning gas and that look like points of light in the night sky
![Page 3: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Size
• the total amount of physical space that a person or thing occupies
• how large or small someone or something is
![Page 4: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Bright
• producing a lot of light• Filled with light
![Page 5: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Distance
• the amount of space between two places or things
![Page 6: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Emits
• to send out; give forth; discharge
![Page 7: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Energy• usable power that comes from heat,
electricity, etc
![Page 8: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Remember the types of energy
• Light• Heat• Sound• Electrical• Mechanical• Potential• Kinetic
![Page 9: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Light
• the form of energy that makes it possible to see things : the brightness produced by the sun, by fire, a lamp, etc
![Page 10: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Heat• energy that causes things to become warmer
![Page 11: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sound
• something that is heard
Breaking the “sound barrier”
![Page 12: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Electrical Energy• energy made available by the flow of electric
charge through a conductor
![Page 13: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Mechanical Energy
• Mechanical Energy is the energy of motion that does the work. An example of mechanical energy is the wind as it turns a windmill.
• A combination of kinetic and potential energy resulting from the force of gravity or the movement or release of a machine component, such as a spring, clamp, or wheel.
![Page 14: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Potential Energy
• energy that is stored within an object, not in motion but capable of becoming active
• Potential Energy is stored energy. Examples of potential energy are oil sitting in a barrel, or water in a lake in the mountains. This energy is referred to as potential energy, because if it were released, it would do a lot of work.
![Page 15: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Kinetic Energy
• energy of motion, observable as the movement of an object, particle, or set of particles
• Kinetic Energy is energy that is in motion. Moving water and wind are good examples of kinetic energy. Electricity is also kinetic energy because even though you can't see it happen, electricity involves electrons moving in conductors
![Page 16: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Radiant
• Emitting heat or light• Filled with light; bright.
![Page 18: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sun
• A star that is the basis of the solar system and that sustains life on Earth, being the source of heat and light. It has a mean distance from Earth of about 150 million kilometers (93 million miles) a diameter of approximately 1,390,000 kilometers (864,000 miles) and a mass about 330,000 times that of Earth.
![Page 19: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Sun
• THE SUN• The sun gives everything on our Earth energy.• The sun is a renewable energy as it is always there. • • Plants need the energy from the sun to grow and
produce food for animals and people. • People and animals then eat the plants and get
energy from the food.
![Page 20: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Parts of the Sun
![Page 21: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Darker Area (of the Sun)
• These are called the sunspots. Sunspot is a region on the Sun's surface that is marked by intense magnetic activity, which inhibits convection, forming areas of reduced surface temperature.
• Sunspots have a temperature of about 3230°C (5850°F) while the Sun's outer visible layer is called the photosphere and has a temperature of 6000°C (11000°F).
![Page 22: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
TELESCOPE
An arrangement of lenses or mirrors or both that gathers visible light, permitting direct observation or photographic recording of.
![Page 23: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Models
• A small object, usually built to scale, that represents in detail another, often larger object.• physical representation of an object
![Page 24: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
3-D
• An object that has height, width and depth, like any object in the real world
![Page 25: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
2-D
• of or having two dimensions, as height and width; lacking substance or depth
![Page 26: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Label
• An item used to identify something or someone
![Page 27: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Observation
• the act of making and recording a measurement
![Page 28: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Approximate
• Close to the actual, but not completely accurate or exact
![Page 29: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Gravity
• the natural force that tends to cause physical things to move towards each other : the force that causes things to fall towards the Earth
![Page 30: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Newton’s Law of GravityThere is an attractive force between two bodies called gravity. The force of gravity depends on the masses of the two bodies, and their separation (squared); the larger the mass, the greater the attraction; the larger the separation, the smaller the attraction. Note that the word “separation” means the distance between the centers of the two bodies.
F = G m1 m2
r 2
![Page 31: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Example of Gravity – a Thrown BallWhen you throw a ball, there are 2 motions: horizontal & vertical.
The horizontal motion obeys Newton’s first law (bodies in motion will stay in motion). The attractive force of gravity causes the upward motion to decelerate, and then change direction. You see the composite of the two behaviors.
![Page 32: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Example of Gravity – a Thrown Ball
![Page 33: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Example of Gravity – WeightlessnessYou feel weight because of Newton’s third law. Gravity is pulling you down, but the ground is not allowing you to fall. It must therefore be exerting a force on you to keep you from falling. That force is the weight that you feel.
If you were allowed to fall, you would not feel any weight. So when you are in free-fall, you feel weightlessness.
![Page 34: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Example of Gravity – WeightlessnessYou feel weight because of Newton’s third law. Gravity is pulling you down, but the ground is not allowing you to fall. It must therefore be exerting a force on you to keep you from falling. That force is the weight that you feel.
As an example, a sky diver is in free fall towards the earth, and therefore feels weightlessness.
gravity
![Page 35: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Example of Gravity – Weightlessness
If an object is dropped from rest, it will free-fall until it reaches the Earth.
However, if the object is given a velocity parallel to the ground, the compromise between Newton’s 1st law of motion and gravity will be a free-fall that always misses the Earth, which is an orbit. Because astronauts orbit the Earth in free-fall, they feel weightlessness.
gravity
velocity
![Page 36: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Example of Gravity – a Planetary Orbit
Imagine a planet moving sideways with respect to the Sun. Newton’s first law says that it will continue to move sideways. But the law of gravity says that it will also be pulled towards the Sun. The result is a combination motion, in which the planet falls towards the Sun, but misses. This is an orbit.
![Page 37: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Example of Gravity – a Planetary Orbit
If the Earth had been born at rest relative to the Sun, it would have fallen immediately into the Sun.
Imagine a planet moving sideways with respect to the Sun. Newton’s first law says that it will continue to move sideways. But the law of gravity says that it will also be pulled towards the Sun. The result is a combination motion, in which the planet falls towards the Sun, but misses. This is an orbit.
![Page 38: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Example of Gravity – TidesThe effects of gravity do not depend on the composition of a body, just its mass and distance. The Moon exerts a force on the Earth, but since the Earth has a finite size, this force is different from one side of the Earth to the other. The side of the Earth near the Moon gets pulled most, the center of the Earth less, and the backside least of all. Since most of the Earth is solid, it doesn’t move much, but water reacts to this difference. So we have tides.
d
d
![Page 39: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Force
• he capacity to do work or cause physical change; energy, strength, or active power
![Page 40: Earth in Space and Time](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062521/568166a5550346895dda93bc/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Please note:
• 10 of the gravity slides were from:• www.astro.psu.edu/users/kluhman/a5/
Lec8.ppt