earth quake resistant structures
TRANSCRIPT
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Earth QuakeResisting methods
Padiga Akhilesh go6155Vaibhav Sharma go6171
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CONTENTS
Introduction
Seismic Waves
Seismograph Impacts
Dampers
Shear walls
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INTRODUCTION
o Shaking of earth due to movement of rocks along a fault.
o Associated with faulting or breaking of rocks
o Rocks under stress accumulate strain energy and breaks.
WHAT IS AN EARTH QUAKE?
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Focus & Epicenter
FOCUS:
The point within Earth where faulting begins is the focus, or hypocenter
EPICENTER:
The point directly above the focus on the surface is the epicenter
FOCAL DISTANCE:
Vertical distance from focus and epicenter
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Seismic wavesThe waves that causes vibrations on earth are seismic waves
Types of seismic waves
1. Body Waves travel through interior
1.1 Primary or "P" Waves:oHighest velocity oCauses compression and expansion
1.2 Secondary or "S" Waves:oSlower than P waves but faster than surface waves. oCauses shearing of rock perpendicular to direction of wave
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S & P Waves Trend
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2. Surface Waves or "Love" (“L”) Waves otravel on surface of earthoCause vertical & horizontal shakingoCause maximum damage
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Where Do Earthquakes Occur and How Often?
o 80% occur in the circum-Pacific belto ~15% occur in Mediterranean-Asiatic belto Remaining 5% occur in the interiors of plateso More than 150,000
quakes strong enough to be felt are
recorded each year
Indonesia after Tsunami 2004
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Tectonic Plates
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MEASUREMENT OFEARTH QUAKE
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Magnitude
Richter scale measures total amount of energy released by an earthquake
Amplitude of the largest wave produced by an event is corrected for distance and assigned a value on an open-ended logarithmic scale
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Intensity
Modified Mercalli Intensity Map 1994
Northridge, CA earthquake, Magnitude 6.7
oIntensity refers to the amount of damage done in an earthquake
oMercalli Scale is used to express damage
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Normal type seismograph
Digitalize type seismograph
Seismograph
Vertical type
Horizontal type
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SEISMOGRAM
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DEMO OF SEISMOGRAPH
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Location Of EPICENTER
Three seismograph stations are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake
A circle where the radius equals the distance to the epicenter is drawn
The intersection of the circles locates the epicenter
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An example
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Impact of Earthquakes
Building collapse
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Land slides
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Land cracking
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Liquefaction
Apartment, Niigata in 1964
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Tsunami
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RESISTING METHODS
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Consider a Coconut Tree
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Weak joints
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LIQUEFACTION
Avoid the Site
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SEISMIC DAMPERS
Torsional Mass Damper(TMD)
Taipei-101
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Viscous dampers inSan Francisco Civic Center
1997
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Friction damper
Yielding dampers
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SHEAR WALLS
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LOCATION OF SHEAR WALL
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CLASSIFICATION
Simple rectangular type Coupled Rigid frame Framed
Column supported shear wall
Core type
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Types of SHEAR WALLS
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RC SHEAR WALL
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PLYWOOD SHEAR WALL
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MID PLY SHEARWALL
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RC HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY WALLS
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STEEL SHEAR WALL
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ConclusionoEarth quake don’t kills but the structures kills
oDamage can be reduced using latest techniques and technologies
oThough structure may damage but we can save OUR LIFES..!!
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Thank You
YOUR VALUABLE QUERIES PLEASE