earth science unit 1 review name: date - hammonds...

Earth Science Unit 1 Review

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1. The picture below shows a model of the rockcycle.

During which part of the rock cycle does waterbreak rocks apart?

A. part 1 B. part 2 C. part 3 D. part 4

2. A rock cycle diagram is shown below.

What happens to rocks at location 3 in thediagram?

A. heating and pressing

B. melting and cooling

C. weathering and eroding

D. compacting and cementing

3. Shale is a sedimentary rock that can bemetamorphosed into slate by

A. cementation.

B. chemical weathering.

C. sedimentation.

D. increased pressure.

page 1

4. The chart below shows a part of Mohs hardnessscale for minerals.

A student is testing an unknown mineral forhardness. The unknown mineral is tested againstfluorite, but neither mineral scratches the other.Which of the following conclusions can the studentaccurately make?

A. The unknown mineral and apatite will notscratch each other.

B. The unknown mineral and calcite will notscratch each other.

C. The unknown mineral will scratch apatite.

D. The unknown mineral will scratch calcite.

5. The diagram below shows a geologic cross section.

Which rock layer most likely contains fossils ofthe most recently evolved organisms?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

6. In an area where a river has cut deep into Earth,there are several layers of very different rockexposed. The oldest rock layer is most likely to bethe layer that is

A. below the other layers.

B. the thickest layer.

C. the most rich in fossils.

D. igneous intrusive rock.

7.

The diagram above shows a cross section of rocksbeside a highway. Which rock type is the oldest?

A. rock type 1 B. rock type 2

C. rock type 3 D. rock type 4

page 2 Earth Science Unit 1 Review

Earth scientists use theories and principles to help determine the relative age and formation of rocksand landforms.

Superposition Younger sedimentary rock layers are generallyfound on top of older rock layers.

Cross-cutting Faults and igneous intrusions are younger thanthe rock they cut through.

Unconformities An eroded surface that separates older rocksbelow from younger rocks above.


8. Which statement about the formation of rocks istrue?

A. Heat and pressure can change igneous rock tosedimentary rock.

B. Weathering and erosion can changesedimentary rock into sediment.

C. Heat and pressure cause metamorphic rock toweather and erode.

D. Weathering and erosion prevent magma fromchanging into igneous rock.

9. Your teacher has brought a sample of water toclass. The sample contains a mixture of smallrocks, sand, and silt (very fine soil) from theMississippi River. After a few hours, the samplesettles. Which diagram shows how the sample willsettle?

A.

B.

C.

D.


10. Which object is composed mostly of minerals?

A.

rock

B.

tree branch

C.

plastic fork

D.

grasshopper

11. The diagram below shows how a type of rock isformed over time.

This diagram represents the formation of which ofthe following types of rock?

A. igneous B. metamorphic

C. sedimentary D. volcanic


12. Dora wrote down some observations of fourrock samples she was studying. Based on herobservations, which of the following rock samplesis most likely a sedimentary rock?

A.

B.

C.

D.

13. The diagram below shows four layers of Earth.Each layer is identified by a number.

Which layer of Earth is composed primarily ofsolid iron?

A. layer 1 B. layer 2

C. layer 3 D. layer 4


14. Use the information below to answer the followingquestion(s).

The rock cycle is a process that alterssedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks.The diagram below shows the rock cycle.

Which process forms igneous rock?

A. weathering of rock

B. cooling of liquid magma

C. heat and pressure changing solid rock

D. compaction and cementation of loose material

15.

Which numbered arrow indicates the core ofEarth?

A. Arrow 1 B. Arrow 2

C. Arrow 3 D. Arrow 4

16. The diagram below shows a cross section of Earth.

Which numbered part of the diagram representsthe mantle of Earth?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4


17. Use the information below to answer the following question(s).

The diagram below shows how rocks are formed.

What two processes can change sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock?

A. melting and uplifting B. melting and pressing

C. heating and pressing D. heating and crystallizing

18. The picture below shows lava flowing out of avolcano and into the ocean.

What kind of rock forms when the lava cools afterentering the ocean?

A. Igneous B. Metallic

C. Sedimentary D. Metamorphic

19. After a rainstorm, a big pile of rocks blocks partof a mountain road. Which event most likelycaused the rocks to move onto the road?

A. a tsunami B. a blizzard

C. a landslide D. a hurricane


20. Which of the following can cause erosion?

A. falling leaves B. flowing water

C. growing grass D. rising temperatures

21.

Which process is most responsible for theformation of the Grand Canyon?

A. scouring by continental glaciers

B. erosion by wind and water

C. eruptions by explosive volcanoes

D. cracking of Earth’s crust by earthquakes

22. The picture below shows a sea arch.

As erosion from ocean waves continues, what willmost likely happen to the hole in this landform?

A. It will become larger.

B. It will fill with sediment.

C. It will remain the same size.

D. It will be covered with water.


23. The picture below shows the result of a geologicalevent that changed a mountain rapidly.

Which of the following most likely caused therapid change of the mountain?

A. landslide B. snowfall

C. wind erosion D. volcanic eruption

24. The pictures below show the same area before andafter an event occurred.

Which of the following events most likely causedthe change in this area?

A. a flood B. a hurricane

C. a volcanic eruption D. a strong earthquake


25. Erosion, transportation, and deposition change thesurface of Earth.

Which number in the diagram represents alandform made by the deposition of erodedsediment?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

26. Use the information below to answer the followingquestion(s).

The diagram below shows water movingthrough the environment.

Which of these statements describes a changeto the surface of Earth that is caused by watermoving through the environment?

A. Water transports soil.

B. Dew forms on grass.

C. Ocean tides follow a pattern.

D. Tropical storms remain over the ocean.

27. Which best describes Earth’s crust?

A. It is stationary and unable to move.

B. It is thicker than the mantle and the core.

C. It is located between the outer and the innercore.

D. It is composed of continental and oceanicplates.


28. The table below shows the characteristics of fiveminerals.

Characteristics of Minerals

Mineral Shiny or Dull Magnetic

1 Dull No

2 Shiny No

3 Shiny Yes

4 Shiny No

5 Dull No

A student wants to classify the minerals that areshiny and nonmagnetic in the same group.

Which minerals belong in this group?

A. Minerals 1 and 2 B. Minerals 2 and 3

C. Minerals 2 and 4 D. Minerals 4 and 5

29. Use the information below to anwser the question.

The teacher asks the class to use cups to collectsoil samples from the school yard. The studentscollect the soil from two locations near thesidewalk.

The students record their observationsof the soil samples in the table below.

Two Soil Samples

Sample 1 Sample 2

Hole Depth 10 cm 10 cm

Hole Width 6 cm 6 cm

Water Content Moist Dry

Composition Pieces of PlantMaterial and Clay

SandClay

What explains why the composition of the soilsamples is so different?

A. The students took samples at different times.

B. The students collected samples from differentlayers.

C. The students used different tools to observethe samples.

D. The students used different-sized cups tocollect the samples.


30. In the 1600s, Danish scientist Nicholas Stenostudied the relative positions of sedimentary rocks.He determined that sedimentary rocks typicallyform layer on top of layer, so if undisturbed,the bottom layer of sedimentary rock is theoldest. Today, this idea is known as the Law ofSuperposition. This law is one way to estimate therelative ages of sedimentary rocks. The diagrambelow is a geologic cross-section from Ohio.

How could the Law of Superposition be appliedcorrectly to this cross-section?

A. The youngest sedimentary layer was depositedby glaciers.

B. The layers in this cross-section are alligneous, so it will not work.

C. The sedimentary layer in this cross-section isclose to 5,200 years old.

D. The youngest sedimentary layer can be foundat the very bottom of the cross-section.


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Earth Science Unit 1 Review 09/28/2015

1.Answer: C

2.Answer: A

3.Answer: D

4.Answer: D

5.Answer: A

6.Answer: A

7.Answer:

8.Answer: B

9.Answer: C

10.Answer: A

11.Answer: C

12.Answer: B

13.Answer: D

14.Answer: B

15.Answer: D

16.Answer: B

17.Answer: C

18.Answer: A

19.Answer: C

20.Answer: B

21.Answer: B

22.Answer: A

23.Answer: A

24.Answer: C

25.Answer: C

26.Answer: A

27.Answer: D

28.Answer: C

29.Answer: B

30.Answer: A

earth science unit 1 review name: date - hammonds...

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