Earth & Space ScienceEarth & Space ScienceChapter 25 Test Review Chapter 25 Test Review

GuideGuide1)1) How were most of the moon craters How were most of the moon craters

formed?formed?Meteoroid ImpactsMeteoroid Impacts

2)2) How were most of the moon’s How were most of the moon’s mountain ranges created?mountain ranges created?

Meteoroid ImpactsMeteoroid Impacts

3)3) What is meant by the terms Near-side What is meant by the terms Near-side and far-side?and far-side?

Near-side = side we see from Near-side = side we see from EarthEarth

Far-side = side we don’t see Far-side = side we don’t see from from EarthEarth

4)4) What is the difference between a What is the difference between a waxing and a waning moon phase?waxing and a waning moon phase?

Waxing: Light on right, Waxing: Light on right, growinggrowing

Waning: Light on left, Waning: Light on left, shrinkingshrinking

5)5) Be able to recognize the different Be able to recognize the different moon phases.moon phases.

Full

Waxing Gibbous

Waxing Quarter

Waxing Crescent

Waning Crescent

Waning Quarter

Waning Gibbous

Full

6)6) How does the moon’s period of How does the moon’s period of revolution differ from a lunar revolution differ from a lunar month?month?

Period of revolution = 27.3 Period of revolution = 27.3 daysdays

Lunar month = 29.5 daysLunar month = 29.5 days

7)7) Which is more common, a solar or Which is more common, a solar or a lunar eclipse?a lunar eclipse?

LunarLunar

8)8) Which phase is the moon in during Which phase is the moon in during a solar eclipse? A lunar eclipse?a solar eclipse? A lunar eclipse?

NewNewFullFull

9)9) How does an annular eclipse differ from How does an annular eclipse differ from a total solar eclipse?a total solar eclipse?Shadow does not reach Earth in annular.Shadow does not reach Earth in annular.

10)10) Describe the Mercury Program.Describe the Mercury Program.NASA’s first manned missions.NASA’s first manned missions.

11)11) Could the Apollo Spacecrafts be reused?Could the Apollo Spacecrafts be reused?NONO

12)12) How does the Earth and moon’s orbits How does the Earth and moon’s orbits compare?compare?Both elliptical; Planes of orbit inclined 5 Both elliptical; Planes of orbit inclined 5 °°

13.13. What is lunar gardening?What is lunar gardening?Large meteor explodes on Large meteor explodes on

moon surface mixing regolith.moon surface mixing regolith.

14.14. Compare the Earth & moon’s Compare the Earth & moon’s diameters.diameters.

The moon is a little more than The moon is a little more than ¼ the Earth’s diameter.¼ the Earth’s diameter.

15.15. Review: Who was Alan Shepard?Review: Who was Alan Shepard?

The first American in space.The first American in space.

16.16. What is Earth’s closest neighbor?What is Earth’s closest neighbor?

The moon.The moon.

17.17. What are moonquakes like? What What are moonquakes like? What causes them?causes them?

They are rare and weak.They are rare and weak.Meteor Impacts.Meteor Impacts.

18.18. Why do the sun & moon appear the Why do the sun & moon appear the same size from Earth?same size from Earth?

Because the sun is much Because the sun is much farther farther away than the moon.away than the moon.

19.19. How is the moon’s front side How is the moon’s front side different different from it’s backside?from it’s backside?

The front side has more The front side has more maria and maria and the backside is the backside is more cratered.more cratered.

20)20) Why does the same side of the Why does the same side of the moon moon always face Earth?always face Earth?

Because the moon’s period of Because the moon’s period of revolution is equal to the moon’s revolution is equal to the moon’s period period of rotation.of rotation.

21) 21) List the stages (according to current List the stages (according to current scientific theory) for the scientific theory) for the

formation of formation of the moon.the moon. Large object hits Earth ejecting Earth material into Large object hits Earth ejecting Earth material into

spacespace Molten rock from the Earth cools.Molten rock from the Earth cools. Rocks bombard Earth’s surfaceRocks bombard Earth’s surface Hot lava fills basinsHot lava fills basins Lunar interior is quietLunar interior is quiet

22) 22) How do moon and Earth rocks How do moon and Earth rocks compare?compare?

The moon has more rocks The moon has more rocks containing elements with high containing elements with high

melting melting points.points.23) 23) What is lunar regolith?What is lunar regolith?

A “soil” mixture of rocks, dust, A “soil” mixture of rocks, dust, glassy beads (no organic matter).glassy beads (no organic matter).

24) 24) Why does the moon appear to rise in Why does the moon appear to rise in the east and set in the west?the east and set in the west?

Because Earth rotates from Because Earth rotates from west west to east.to east.

25) 25) If moonrise occurs at 8:15 PM today, what If moonrise occurs at 8:15 PM today, what time will it rise tomorrow?time will it rise tomorrow?

50 minutes later or 9:05 PM.50 minutes later or 9:05 PM.26) 26) Why does the moon go through phases?Why does the moon go through phases?

The moon reflects sunlight and The moon reflects sunlight and orbits the Earth.orbits the Earth.

27) 27) What happens if you are in the moon’s What happens if you are in the moon’s umbra?umbra?

Your location will have a total Your location will have a total solar eclipse.solar eclipse.

28) 28) How does the moon affect tides?How does the moon affect tides?Tides occur 50 minutes later each Tides occur 50 minutes later each

day.day.Tides are small during quarter Tides are small during quarter

moon moon phases and large during full phases and large during full and new and new moons.moons.

29) 29) How long is it from one high tide to the How long is it from one high tide to the next?next?

12 hours and 25 minutes12 hours and 25 minutes30) 30) What happens to tides when the sun, What happens to tides when the sun,

moon and Earth are lined up?moon and Earth are lined up?High tides are higher and low High tides are higher and low tides are lower (Spring Tides).tides are lower (Spring Tides).

31) 31) During which moon phases do spring During which moon phases do spring tides occur? During which tide is the tidal tides occur? During which tide is the tidal range small?range small?

New and full moon.New and full moon.Neap tideNeap tide

32) 32) What types of water bodies experience What types of water bodies experience the greatest tidal range?the greatest tidal range?

V-shaped baysV-shaped bays

33) 33) Define the following:Define the following: Mascons:Mascons:

Lunar areas with higher gravity than that of the Lunar areas with higher gravity than that of the surrounding area.surrounding area.

Rilles:Rilles: Long, deep cracks in maria bedrock.Long, deep cracks in maria bedrock.

Maria:Maria: Smooth plains with huge circular basins.Smooth plains with huge circular basins.

IlmeniteIlmenite A type of mineral found in some moon rocks.A type of mineral found in some moon rocks.

34) 34) When is it safe to view a total solar When is it safe to view a total solar eclipse?eclipse?During totality. During totality. Although to be safe, it’s better to Although to be safe, it’s better to

use use eclipse glasses or a pinhole eclipse glasses or a pinhole viewer.viewer.

35) 35) How much would an 180 pound How much would an 180 pound person weigh on the moon?person weigh on the moon?

180 180 ÷ 6 or 30 pounds.÷ 6 or 30 pounds.36) 36) Review: What was the goal of Review: What was the goal of

the the Apollo missions?Apollo missions?To put a man on the moon.To put a man on the moon.

37) 37) Review:Review: Which of the original Which of the original Mercury astronauts became Mercury astronauts became

the the oldest oldest astronaut to travel in astronaut to travel in space in 1998?space in 1998?John GlennJohn Glenn

38) 38) Review: Who was the first person Review: Who was the first person to to break the sound barrier?break the sound barrier?

Chuck YeagerChuck Yeager

39) 39) Review: What was the purpose of Review: What was the purpose of the the Gemini missions?Gemini missions?

To conduct the first To conduct the first spacewalk spacewalk and to train the and to train the astronauts to astronauts to rendezvous spacecrafts in space.rendezvous spacecrafts in space.

40) 40) Review: Who was the first woman Review: Who was the first woman to to travel in space?travel in space?

Valentina TereshkovaValentina Tereshkova