earth, sun, moon notes · notes 7th grade science . ... sun – earth - moon only occur during full...
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Earth, Sun, Moon Notes
7th Grade Science
What do you know about astrology???
● The earth is closer to the sun in summer than in the winter.○ False
● It is impossible to see the moon during the daytime.○ False
● The same side of the moon always faces the earth.○ True
What do you know about astrology???
● Half of the moon is dark and half of the moon is
illuminated at all times (except during an eclipse).○ True
● Half of the earth is dark and half of the earth is
illuminated at all times (except during an eclipse).○ True
● The earth takes 24 hours to make one revolution.○ False
What do you know about astrology???
● Seasons change due to the distance the earth is
from the sun.○ False
● Night happens when the earth goes behind the sun.○ False
● The moon and sun both affect the tide.○ True
● The sun is a star.○ True
Astronomy
● Astronomy- the study of the moon,
stars, and other objects in space.
Axis
● Axis- the imaginary line that passes through
Earth’s center and the North and South poles.
● The tilt of the earth’s axis is 23.5 degrees
● The Earth’s axis always points in the same
direction.
Rotation
● Rotation- the spinning of the earth on its axis.
● The earth rotates on its axis one time in a 24
hour span. (DAY)
● The earth’s rotation on its axis causes night
and day.
Day vs. Night
Revolution and Orbit
● Revolution- the movement of an object around
another object. (YEAR)
○ It takes the earth 365.25 days to make one
revolution around the sun.
● Orbit- the path of an object as it revolves
around another object in space
Rotation vs. Revolution
Rotation vs. Revolution
Reason for the Seasons
● Earth has seasons because its axis is tilted as
it moves around the sun.
● When the northern hemisphere points toward
the sun we experience summer.
● When the southern hemisphere points toward
the sun we experience winter.
Reason for the Seasons
● Direct rays- Sun’s rays that hit the earth at a
right angle (concentrated)
● Indirect rays- Sun’s ray that hit the earth at a
slant (spread out over larger area)
Reason for the Seasons
Reason for the Seasons
Reason for the Seasons
Solstice vs. Equinox
● Solstice- Either the northern or southern
hemisphere is pointing to the sun.
● Equinox- Neither end of the Earth’s axis is
tilted toward the sun. (Equal day and night)
Earth’s Solstice
Earth’s Equinox
Solstice vs. Equinox
http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/solsticeandequinox/
Part 2—Phases,
Eclipses and Tides
The Moon
● The moon makes one rotation in 27.3 days.
(MOON DAY)
● The moon makes one revolution in 27.3 days.
(MOON YEAR)
● The moon’s “day” and “year” are the same.
Because of this, we see the same side of the moon.
The Moon
● The phases of the moon depend on how
much of the lighted side of the moon can be
seen from Earth.
● When the moon’s shadow hits Earth or
Earth’s shadow hits the moon, an eclipse
occurs.
Lunar vs. Solar Eclipse
● Lunar Eclipse○ Sun – Earth - Moon
● Only occur during full moon.
● Solar Eclipse○ Sun – Moon – Earth
● Only occur during new moon.
Solar Eclipse
Lunar Eclipse
Lunar vs. Solar Eclipse
Tides
Tides
● The force of gravity between the Earth and
moon and between the sun and moon
affecting our oceans causing high and low
tides.
Spring vs. Neap Tides
● Spring Tide- Sun
and moon are in
line.
● Neap Tide- Sun and
moon are at a right
angle to the earth.
Moon Phases
Moon Phases