earth. what have scientists learned about the earth and its interior?
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Earth
![Page 2: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?
![Page 3: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
EarthPangaea
~ 200 million years ago, all the continents were together as a SUPER-continent…
![Page 4: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
EarthAlfred L. Wegener
~ Created the theory of Continental Drift – the movement of continents due to the floatation
of the continents on the core (Magma) in 1912.
![Page 5: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Continental DriftAlfred Wegener 1900’sContinents were once a single land mass that drifted apart.
Continent – large land mass (6 or 7 depending on p.o.v.)
Fossils of the same plants and animals are found on different continents
Called this supercontinent Pangea, Greek for “all Earth”
245 Million years ago
![Page 6: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
How Plates Move
![Page 7: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
EarthContinental Drift
~ The slow movement of the plates that float on the Magma under the crust.
![Page 8: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Plate Tectonics Facts
• Greek – “tectonics” of a builder• Pieces of the lithosphere that move around• Each plate has a name• Fit together like jigsaw puzzles• Float on top of the upper-mantle, called
the asthenosphere – soft, molten rock
![Page 9: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sea Floor Spreading
![Page 10: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Sea Floor Spreading• Mid Ocean Ridges – underwater mountain
chains that run through the Earth’s Basins• Magma rises to the surface and solidifies
and new crust forms• Older Crust is pushed
farther away from the ridge
![Page 11: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Earth
Magma~ Molten (melted) rock inside the Earth – makes
up all of the Earth’s outer core.
![Page 12: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Earth’s LayersThe Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed.
This crust is not a solid shell; it is broken up into huge, thick plates that drift atop the soft, underlying mantle.
![Page 13: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Crust
• Outermost layer• 5 – 100 km thick, depending on where you are.
![Page 14: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Mantle• Layer of Earth
between the crust and the core
• Contains most of the Earth’s mass
• Has more magnesium and less aluminum and silicon than the crust
• Is denser than the crust
![Page 15: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Earth
What some authors believed lived at the center of the Earth.
![Page 16: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Core• Below the mantle
and to the center of the Earth
• Believed to be mostly Iron, smaller amounts of Nickel, almost no Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, or Magnesium
![Page 17: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
EarthFaults
~ A break in rock along which rock slabs have moved.
![Page 18: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Earth
Convergent Boundary~ Two plates come together, but one plate is
forced underneath the other.
![Page 19: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Convergent Boundary – Oceanic & Continental
![Page 20: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Convergent Boundary – Oceanic & Oceanic
![Page 21: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Convergent Boundary – Indian and Eurasian Plates
![Page 22: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Ausable Chasm – Adirondack Mts. NYConvergent Boundary
![Page 23: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Elephant Head – Asuable Chasm
![Page 24: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Earth
Divergent Boundary~ Plates move away from each other.
![Page 25: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Divergent Boundary - Oceanic
![Page 26: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Divergent Boundary – Iceland
![Page 27: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Divergent Boundary – Arabian and African Plates
![Page 28: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Earth
Transform-Fault Boundary~ Plates move past one another.
![Page 29: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Transform Boundary – San Andreas Fault
![Page 30: Earth. What Have Scientists Learned About the Earth and its Interior?](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf881a28abf838c89627/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Can You Answer These?
• What are the three main layers of the Earth• What was Pangea?• What is Sea-Floor spreading?• Name the three different types of plate
boundaries and one location on Earth for each one.