earth’s constructive forces...earth’s constructive forces in the beginning… • the elements...
TRANSCRIPT
Earth’s Constructive Forces
In The Beginning…• The elements and their distribution are the result of our
planets formation.• Stars can manufacture
elements up through iron using fusion.
• Heavier elements come from stellar explosions.
• Our periodic table is evidence that we came from a star that experienced a nova.
Gravitational Differentiation• When the early Earth was molten, gravity pulled the
heavier elements toward the center and lighter elements remained at the surface.
This caused the Earth to have layers!
Earth’s Chemical Layers• On your white boards, draw a pie slice of the Earth!
Identify the 4 compositional layers and their composition!
Earth’s Structure• The chemical layers of the Earth are…
Solid IronIron and NickelIron Silicates
Lighter Silicates
How did you do??
What’s A Silicate?• Silicates are minerals that contain silicon
and oxygen.
Light Silicates
Iron-rich Silicates
Earth’s Physical Layers• On your white boards, draw a pie slice of the Earth!
Identify the 5 physical layers and label their state of matter!
State of Matter OptionsRigid SolidFluid Solid
LiquidGas
Plasma
Earth’s Physical Layers
Rigid Solid
Liquid
Rigid Solid
Fluid SolidRigid Solid
Inner Core
Outer Core
Mesosphere
AsthenosphereLithosphere
Why is the Asthenosphere Fluid?• Because it’s hot!!
• There are two possible sources of heat
Original heat of formation Radioactive decay
What Are The Implications of A Fluid Asthenosphere?
• Heat is transferred through the Earth by conduction and convection. • Rigid solids conduct heat. • Fluids convect heat.
On your board, identify the heat transfer for each layer of the earth!
Why Is There A Fluid Solid?
Inner Core
Outer Core
Mesosphere
AsthenosphereLithosphere
Conduction
Convection
Conduction
ConvectionConduction
Convection in the Asthenosphere• Scientists hypothesize that the convection currents in
the asthenosphere drag large tectonic plates along.ConvergentDivergent
• There are three main boundary types!
Hot Hot
Hot
The Plates of Plate TectonicsThe tectonic plates are enormous pieces of the lithosphere!
Tectonic plates move on a fluid solid asthenosphere!
Moving Things AroundHow Did We Figure Out That They Move?
Rock deposits where they don’t
belong!Rock formations that line up!
Fossils that match up!
Continents that fit together!
What Does the Future Hold?
Meet Pangaea Ultima!