earthquake contingency plan for armed forces division (afd)

Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh

Armed Forces Division (AFD)

CONTINGENCY PLAN FOR EARTHQUAKE HAZARD

for Armed Forces Division (AFD)

Armed Forces Division (AFD)

Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh

Contingency Plan for Earthquake

Hazard

ListofAbbreviations

ContingencyPlanWithRegardToEarthquakeHazardforArmedForcesDivision(AFD) ii

ListofAbbreviationsADB AsianDevelopmentBankAFD ArmedForcesDivisionAMI AnjumaneMofidulIslamBangladeshAnsar&VDP BangladeshAnsarandVillageDefencePartyBA BimanAirlinesBDR BangladeshRifles BCAA BangladeshCivilAviationAuthorityBCG BangladeshCoastGuardBDRCS BangladeshRedCrescentSocietyBFRI BangladeshForestResearchInstituteBGSL BakhrabadGasSystemsLimitedBGMEA BangladeshGarmentManufacturersandExportersAssociationBIP BangladeshInstituteofPlannersBIWTA BangladeshInlandWaterTransportAuthorityBKMEA BangladeshKnitwearManufacturerandExportersAssociationBLRI BangladeshLivestockResearchInstituteBMA BangladeshMedicalAssociationBMD BangladeshMeteorologicalDepartmentBP BangladeshPoliceBPDB BangladeshPowerDevelopmentBoardBR BangladeshRailwayBRTA BangladeshRoadandTransportAuthorityBRTC BangladeshRoadandTransportCorporationBSS BangladeshSangbadSangsthaBTMEA BangladeshTextileMillsAssociationBTCL BangladeshTelecommunicationCompanyBTRC BangladeshTelecommunicationRegulatoryCommissionBTV BangladeshTelevisionBUET BangladeshUniversityofEngineering&TechnologyBWDB BangladeshWaterDevelopmentBoardCAAB CivilAviationAuthorityBangladeshCBOs CommunityBasedOrganizationsCC CityCorporationsCCP BangladeshCentreforCommunicationPrograms CDA ChittagongDevelopmentAuthorityCDC CommunicablediseaseControlCME CentreforMedicalEducationCMMU Construction,MaintenanceandManagementUnitCPA ChittagongPortAuthorityCPP CyclonePreparednessProgrammeCWASA ChittagongWaterSupplyandSewerageAuthorityDCC DhakaCityCorporationDESA DhakaElectricitySupplyAuthorityDESCO DhakaElectricSupplyCompanyLtd.DFP DepartmentofFilmsandPublicationsDGFisheries DirectorateofFisheriesDGoF DirectorateGeneralofFoodDGLivestock DirectorateofLivestockDGHS DirectorateGeneralofHealthServicesDMB DisasterManagementBureau

ListofAbbreviations

ContingencyPlanWithRegardToEarthquakeHazardforArmedForcesDivision(AFD) iii

DMC DepartmentofMassCommunicationDOA DepartmentofArchitectureDPHE BangladeshDepartmentofPublicHealthEngineeringDRR DirectorateofReliefandRehabilitationDWASA DhakaWaterSupplyandSewerageAuthorityEMS EarthquakeMagnitudeScaleFAO FoodandAgriculturalOrganizationFBCCI FederationofBangladeshChambersofCommerceFSCD BangladeshFireService&CivilDefenceIAB InstituteofArchitectsBangladeshIFRC InternationalFederationofRedCrossandRedCrescentSocietiesIOM InternationalOrganizationforMigrationIRC InternationalRescueCommitteeJICA JapanInternationalCooperationAgencyGSB GeologicalSurveyofBangladeshHBRI Housing&BuildingResearchInstituteIAB InstituteofArchitectsBangladeshIEB InstituteofEngineersBangladeshIFRC InternationalFederationofRedCrossandRedCrescentINGOs InternationalNonGovernmentOrganizationsJGTDSL JalalabadGasTransmission&DistributionCo.LimitedLGA LocalGovernmentAgenciesLGD LocalGovernmentDivisionLGED LocalGovernmentEngineeringDepartmentLGRD LocalGovernmentandRuralDevelopmentLGRDC LocalGovernmentRuralDevelopmentandCooperativesMinCom MinistryofCommerceMoC MinistryofCommunicationsMoCAT MinistryofCivilAviationandTourismMoF MinistryofFinanceMoFDM MinistryofFoodandDisasterManagementMoFL MinistryofFisheriesandLivestockMoHA MinistryofHomeAffairsMoHFW MinistryofHealthandFamilyWelfareMoHPW MinistryofHousingandPublicWorksMoI MinistryofInformationMoL MinistryofLandNGOs NonGovernmentOrganizationsNHA NationalHousingAuthorityNIPSOM NationalInstituteofPreventiveandSocialMedicineOHCHR OfficeoftheHighCommissionerforHumanRightsPDB PowerDevelopmentBoardPetroBangla ItisasuccessorofBangladeshMineralOilandGasCorporationPGCL PowerGridCompanyofBangladeshLtdPIB PressInstituteofBangladeshPID PressInformationDepartmentPSTN PublicswitchedtelephoneNetworkPWD PublicWorksDepartmentR&H RoadsandHighwaysRAB RapidActionBattalionREB RuralElectrificationBoardRAJUK RajdhaniUnnyanKortipakhaREHAB RealEstate&HousingAssociationofBangladeshRHD RoadsandHighwaysDepartment

ListofAbbreviations

ContingencyPlanWithRegardToEarthquakeHazardforArmedForcesDivision(AFD) iv

TGTDCL TitasGasTransmissionandDistributionCo.LtdSoB SurveyofBangladeshUNDP UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammeUNHABITAT UnitedNationsagencyforhumansettlementsUNHCR UNHighCommissionerforRefugeesUNICEF UnitedNationsChildren'sFundUNRC ResidentCoordinatorofUnitedNationsUNOCHA UnitedNationsOfficefortheCoordinationofHumanitarianAffairsVDP VillageDefencePartyWFP WorldFoodProgrammeWHO(DERG) WorldHealthOrganization(DisasterEmergencyResponseGroup)

ExecutiveSummary

ContingencyPlanWithRegardToEarthquakeHazardforArmedForcesDivision(AFD) v

EXECUTIVESUMMARY

ThisPlan identifies the intendedactions tobe takenby theArmedForceDivision(AFD)inresponsetoadamagingearthquake.

The overall goal of the project on Contingency planning with regard toearthquakehazardwillbetodevelopacomprehensivegeohazardriskreductionContingencyplanningstrategythatislinkedtoaneasyimplementationframeworktobeabletoaddressthecurrentneedsandissues,whichwouldbeimplacableatallthe National, City and Agency levels and cover all the levels of disaster riskmanagementfrompreparednesstoresponse.

TheprojectonContingencyplanningwithregardtoearthquakehazardiscomprisedoftwomainactivities:

Activity I: Determine status of Contingency planning and design of interimcontingencyplan

ActivityII:Turninterimcontingencyplansintofinalversions(usingmapsforselected urban areas that highlight earthquakevulnerableschool/hospital/emergencyresponseandcontrolbuildingsetc.)

Planning requires the active participation of the stakeholders involved inimplementationoftheactivitiesincludingintheplanningstage.Timebecomesmorevaluable once an emergency occurs, so planning before the emergency whenworkloadsmaybemoreflexibleisveryimportant.EarthquakehappenswithoutanyearlywarningandalthoughstakeholdercommunityinBangladesh isquitecapableofrespondingtoeventssuchasfloods,cyclonesetc.thereisaneedforconductingContingencyplanninginadvance.OnereasonforconductingContingencyplanningis because it will facilitate a rapid emergency response by allowing planners, inadvanceofanemergencyto:

o Considerthelikelyconsequencesofanemergencybeforeitoccurso Identifythekeyresources,bothhumanandphysical,whichmaybeavailable

torespondtotheemergencyo Identifythecriticalareasforimmediateactiono Buildandtraintheemergencyresponseteaminadvanceo Definethegeneralpoliciesandapproachtotheemergencyinadvance

All of these measures allow constructive intervention immediately after theemergency.Teambuildingisparticularlyuseful,astheabilitytoactasateammaybe critical to the success of the initial emergency response. Another benefit toContingency planning is that, before an emergency, there is comparatively moretime to consider all the aspects of problems that are likely to arise. Once theemergencyhasoccurred,itmaybeverydifficulttobringalloftheplayerstogether.

ExecutiveSummary

ContingencyPlanWithRegardToEarthquakeHazardforArmedForcesDivision(AFD) vi

Agreement on policies in the Contingency planning stage may help clarifyapplicabilityandresolvecontradictionsthatmayoccur.Rapiddecisionmakingonoperationalissuesafteranemergencyisimportantbecausedelaysmaycostlives.

TheContingencyplanningalsoservesasatoolformaintainingcontrolovereventsorlimitingtheriskoflossofcontrol.Becauseofthescaleoftheproblemsthattheypose, earthquakes sometimes provoke erratic or unpredictable responses. Wellintentioned but illequipped agenciesmay rush to help, leading some agencies tooverreact to the emergency. The risk of inappropriate responses is much lowerwhen clear plans are in place. The Contingency planning process also allowsidentificationofprojectedneedsthatmayariseasaresultofanemergencyandtheresources thatwillbe immediatelyavailable tomeet thoseneeds.Onebenefitofarealisticcontingencyplanisthatitmayencouragedonorsandotherstoprovidetheneededresourcesforenhancementofresourcebaseoftheagenciesinvolvedinplanimplementation.

Although the objective of Contingency planning is usually the production of acontingency plan, many useful outputs of Contingency planning come from theprocessthroughwhichtheplanisdeveloped.Therefore,therearemanyadvantagesinaplanpreparedbycomingtogetherofallmajorpotentialactors,agreeingonthebroadpoliciesandworkinggroupsfillingthedetailoftheplantoaplandevelopedby an experienced emergency planner developing a contingency plan. It does notmean that the plan is not important. The plan is a measure of the quality of theprocess. A good planning process will produce a good plan. Even though theearthquakethatoccursmaybeverydifferentfromtheoneplannedfor,theplanwillstill be useful. A good contingency plan ensures better preparedness for anyemergencythatmayoccur,evenonethat isverydifferentfrom thescenariointheplan.

This draft plan identifies the intended actions to be taken by the Armed ForcesDivision (AFD) in response to a damaging earthquake. This report contains sixsections. Section 1 includes a general discussion regarding earthquake threat inBangladeshand identificationof risk scenario related to the agencys functions. InSection 2 general aspects of agency level plans have been discussed. In Section 3,functionalresponserolesandresponsibilitiesassignedforAFDhavebeenidentified.InSection4,operatingprocedureguidelinesforAFDhasbeendeveloped.InSection5,areadinesschecklisthasbeenproposedforAFD.InSection6,agencylevelactionsfor training & capacity building of staff, awareness creation, reporting, prepositioning of emergency facilities, and resource mobilization for purchase ofequipmentshavebeenidentified.

EarthquakeThreatinBangladeshandIdentificationofRiskScenario

ContingencyPlanWithRegardToEarthquakeHazardforArmedForcesDivision(AFD) 1


Introduction

Over the past decades, urbanization in Bangladesh has been rapidly taking placewithout proper guidance. As a result many of the urban centers have developedhaphazardly.Theseurbancentersarefastgrowingandhaveasignificantinfluencein the economic developments of the country. It is therefore essential to have arealistic understanding on the nature, severity and consequences of likelydamage/loss thatapossibleeventofearthquakecouldcause.A strongearthquakeaffecting a major urban center like Dhaka, Chittagong, or Sylhet may result indamage and destructions of massive proportions and may have disastrousconsequencesfortheentirenation.

A low tomoderate level of earthquakemay cause Sevier damages to the life andproperty thatmaygobeyond theexistingcapacityof theagencies likeAFDwithinmajorcities,divisionsaswellasnationallevel.ConsideringlikelyearthquakethreatinBangladesh,theComprehensiveDisasterManagementProgramme(CDMP)undertheMinistry of Food and DisasterManagement of the Government of Bangladesh(GoB),tookinitiativetodeveloplikelyscenariosofearthquakeforDhaka,ChittagongandSylhet.Thisreportpresentsthelikelybuildingcollapse,debrisgeneration, firehazardsandcasualtiesduringdifferentlevelofearthquakesinthesethreecitiesandcurrent preparations/ capacity by Armed Force Division (AFD) to cope with thesituation.

NatureofThreats

GeographicallyBangladeshislocatedclosetotheboundaryoftwoactiveplates:theIndian plate in thewest and the Eurasian plate in the east and north. In the pasttherewhereseveralearthquakesinthecountrythathadcausedseveredamagestolifeandproperties.Someof themajorearthquakesaroundtheregion includes the1548 earthquake, the 1664 earthquake, the 1762 earthquake, the 1869 Cachenearthquake (Ms7.5), the1885Bengal earthquake (Ms7.0), the1897GreatAssamearthquake (Ms8.1), and the1918Srimangal earthquake (Ms7.6) (Earthquake inwebsite Banglapedia;Oldham,1883;Ambraseys, 2004;BilhamandHough, 2006etc).FollowingisalistofmajorearthquakesinandaroundBangladesh.



Table1.1ListofMajorEarthquakesinBangladesh

Year DescriptionoftheEarthquake

1548 Thefirstrecordedearthquakewasaterribleone.SylhetandChittagongwereviolentlyshaken,theearthopenedinmanyplacesandthrewupwaterandmudofasulphuroussmell.

1642 MoreseveredamageoccurredinSylhetdistrict.Buildingswerecrackedbuttherewasnolossoflife.

1663 SevereearthquakeinASSAM,whichcontinuedforhalfanhourandSylhetdistrictwasnotfreefromitsshock.

1762 ThegreatearthquakeofApril2,whichraisedthecoastofFoulislandby2.74mandthenorthwestcoastofCheduaislandby6.71mabovesealevelandalsocausedapermanentsubmergenceof155.40sqkmnearChittagong.TheearthquakeprovedveryviolentinDhakaandalongtheeasternbankoftheMEGHNAasfarasChittagong.InDhaka500personslosttheirlives,theRIVERsandJHEELswereagitatedandrosehighabovetheirusuallevelsandwhentheyrecededtheirbankswerestrewnwithdeadfish.Alargeriverdriedup,atractoflandsankand200peoplewithalltheirCATTLEwerelost.TwovolcanoesweresaidtohaveopenedintheSitakundahills.

1775 SevereearthquakeinDhakaaroundApril10,butnolossoflife.

1812 SevereearthquakeinmanyplacesofBangladesharoundMay11.TheearthquakeprovedviolentinSylhet

1865 Terribleshockwasfelt,duringthesecondearthquakeoccurredinthewinterof1865,althoughnoseriousdamageoccurred.

1869 KnownasCacharEarthquake.SeverelyfeltinSylhetbutnolossoflife.Thesteepleofthechurchwasshattered,thewallsofthecourthouseandthecircuitbungalowcrackedandintheeasternpartofthedistrictthebanksofmanyriverscavedin.

1885 KnownastheBengalEarthquake.Occurredon14Julywith7.0magnitudeandtheepicenterwasatManikganj.ThiseventwasgenerallyassociatedwiththedeepseatedJamunaFault.

1889 Occurredon10Januarywith7.5magnitudeandtheepicenteratJaintiaHills.ItaffectedSylhettownandsurroundingareas.

1897 KnownastheGreatIndiaEarthquakewithamagnitudeof8.7andepicenteratShillongPlateau.Thegreatearthquakeoccurredon12Juneat5.15pm,causedseriousdamagetomasonrybuildingsinSylhettownwherethedeath



tollroseto545.Thiswasduetothecollapseofthemasonrybuildings.ThetremorwasfeltthroughoutBengal,fromthesouthLushaiHillsontheeasttoShahbadonthewest.InMymensingh,manypublicbuildingsofthedistricttown,includingtheJusticeHouse,werewreckedandveryfewofthetwostoriedbrickbuilthousesbelongingtoZAMINDARssurvived.HeavydamagewasdonetothebridgesontheDhakaMymensinghrailwayandtrafficwassuspendedforaboutafortnight.Therivercommunicationofthedistrictwasseriouslyaffected(BRAHMAPUTRA).Lossoflifewasnotgreat,butlossofpropertywasestimatedatfivemillionRupees.Rajshahisufferedsevereshocks,especiallyontheeasternside,and15personsdied.InDhakadamagetopropertywasheavy.InTipperamasonrybuildingsandoldtemplessufferedalotandthetotaldamagewasestimatedatRs9,000.

1918 KnownastheSrimangalEarthquake.Occurredon18Julywithamagnitudeof7.6andepicenteratSrimangal,MaulviBazar.IntensedamageoccurredinSrimangal,butinDhakaonlyminoreffectswereobserved.

1930 KnownastheDhubriEarthquake.Occurredon3Julywithamagnitudeof7.1andtheepicenteratDhubri,Assam.TheearthquakecausedmajordamageintheeasternpartsofRangpurdistrict.

1934 KnownastheBiharNepalEarthquake.Occurredon15Januarywithamagnitudeof8.3andtheepicenteratDarbhangaofBihar,India.TheearthquakecausedgreatdamageinBihar,NepalandUttarPradeshbutdidnotaffectanypartofBangladesh.

Anotherearthquakeoccurredon3Julywithamagnitudeof7.1andtheepicenteratDhubriofAssam,India.TheearthquakecausedconsiderabledamagesingreaterRangpurdistrictofBangladesh.

1950 KnownastheAssamEarthquake.Occurredon15Augustwithamagnitudeof8.4withtheepicenterinAssam,India.ThetremorwasfeltthroughoutBangladeshbutnodamagewasreported.

1997 Occurredon22NovemberinChittagongwithamagnitudeof6.0.ItcausedminordamagearoundChittagongtown.

1999 Occurredon22JulyatMaheshkhaliIslandwiththeepicenterinthesameplace,amagnitudeof5.2.SeverelyfeltaroundMaheshkhaliislandandtheadjoiningSEA.Housescrackedandinsomecasescollapsed.

2003 Occurredon27JulyatKolabuniaunionofBarkalupazila,Rangamatidistrictwithmagnitude5.1.Thetimewasat05:17:26.8hours.

Source:Banglapedia,2007



However,itseemsthatBangladeshdidnotexperienceanylargeearthquakesince20th century for about 100 years. The 1918 earthquake is not to be acharacteristicone,sincethemagnitudeissmallfortheplateboundaryfault.ThismaymeanthatBangladeshhasahighriskoflargeearthquakeoccurrenceinnearfuture. Several major active faults, e.g. the plate boundary fault (the northernextension of subduction fault) and theDauki Fault, are inferred in Bangladesh.These faults must generate large earthquakes over M 8. However, the nature,detailedlocation,andthefaultinghistoryonthesefaultsarenotwellknownyet(Morino,2009).

PotentialDamageindifferentScenariosofEarthquake

Threedifferentscenarioshavebeendevelopedtoidentifythepossibledamagetobuildingsandotherinfrastructuresandalsotofindoutthenumberofcasualties.The three scenarios are taken as least, moderate and high intensities cases asassumed based on different magnitude of earthquakes. The following are thedifferent scenarios and lost estimation in the cities of Dhaka, Chittagong andSylhet.

ScenarioEarthquakes

Dhakacity

1. MadpurFault(7.5Mw)

2. PlateBoundaryFault2(8Mw)

3. Earthquakeunderthecity(6.0Mw)

Chittagongcity

1. PlateBoundaryFault1(8.5Mw)



Sylhetcity

1. DaukiFault(8.0Mw)



BuildingsDamage



DhakaCityCorporationArea

During an earthquake of 7.5 Mw originated fromMadhupur fault, about 166,570buildingswillbemoderatelydamaged.Thisisabout51.00%ofthetotalnumberofbuildings in Dhaka city. Among these buildings, it is estimated that about 75,218buildingscouldnotberepaired.Ifthemagnitudeoftheearthquakeis8.0Mw,about93,605buildingswillbeatleastmoderatelydamagedwhichisabout29.00%ofthetotalnumberofbuildings.Duringanearthquakeoriginated fromunder thecityat6.0Mwwillmoderatelydamageabout136,434buildingsandabout53,989buildingswillbedamagedbeyondrepair.ChittagongCityCorporationArea

Itisestimatedthatabout168,783buildingswillbedamagedat8.5MwEarthquakes.Thisisabout93.00%ofthetotalnumberofbuildingsintheChittagongcity.Duringthis time about 135,647 buildings will be damaged beyond repair. About 38,953buildings will be at least moderately damaged at Mw 8.0 earthquake. TheearthquakeatMw6.0willdamageabout110,782buildingswhichareabout61.00%ofthetotalnumberofbuildings.Atthesametimeanestimated37,617buildingswillbedamagedbeyondrepair.

SylhetCityCorporationArea

Itisestimatedthatabout30,392buildingswillbedamagedat8.0MwEarthquakes.This is about 58.00% of the total number of buildings in the Sylhet city. Amongthese,about16003buildingswillbedamagedbeyondrepair.About7230buildingswillbeat leastmoderatelydamagedatMw8.3earthquake.TheearthquakeatMw6.0willdamageabout21960buildingswhichareabout42.00%ofthetotalnumberofbuildings.Atthesametimeanestimated4537buildingswillbedamagedbeyondrepair.CollateralHazards

There might be several secondary hazards due to earthquake which may affectstructuresaswellasdamagetohumanliferesponsibleforhugeeconomiclossesinthe country. These collateral hazards include fire, debris generations etc. ThefollowingarethepossiblefirehazardsanddebrisgenerationthatmayappearduetoearthquakeinDhaka,ChittagongandSylhetcities.

FireFollowingEarthquake

Firesoftenoccurafteranearthquake. Becauseof thenumberof firesat thesametime,lackofwaterandsufficientmanpowerandalsoduetoinaccessibleroads,thefireinthecitycouldbeoutofcontrol.Forfirehazardscenariodevelopment,MonteCarlo simulation model was used. The number of ignitions and amount of burntareaswasestimatedusingthismethod.




Duringanearthquakeof7.5MworiginatedfromMadhpurFault, therewillbe920ignitionsthatwillburnabout4.12sq.mi9.04%ofthecityarea.Itisestimatedthatthe fires will displace about 701,134 people and burn about 1,577 (millions ofdollars)ofbuildingvalue.Similarlyanearthquakeoriginated fromPlateboundaryfault2willberesponsiblefor918ignitionsthatwillburnabout4.08sq.mi8.95%ofthecityarea.Itisalsoestimatedthatthefireswilldisplaceabout726,606peopleand burn about 1,665 (millions of dollars) of building value. The earthquake iforiginatedfromunderthecityof6.0Mwwillberesponsible for920ignitionsthatwill burn about 4.22 sq. mi 9.26 % of the city and the fires will displace about730,857peopleandburnabout1,563(millionsofdollars)ofbuildingvalue.

ChittagongCityCorporationArea

InChittagongduringanearthquakeof8.5MworiginatedfromPlateboundaryfault1, therewill be699 ignitions thatwill burn about6.54 sq.mi11.49%of the cityarea. Itisalsoestimatedthatthatthefireswilldisplaceabout315,408peopleandburn about 441 (millions of dollars) of building value. On the other hand anearthquakeoriginatedfromPlateBoundaryfault2at8.0Mwwillberesponsiblefor648ignitionsthatwillburnabout5.87sq.mi10.31%ofthecity.Itisalsoestimatedthat the fireswill displace about 312,052 people andburn about 433 (millions ofdollars) of building value. The earthquake if originated fromunder the city of 6.0Mwwillberesponsiblefor699ignitionsthatwillburnabout6.24sq.mi10.96%ofthecity.Themodelalsoestimatesthatthefireswilldisplaceabout314,421peopleandburnabout437(millionsofdollars)ofbuildingvalue.


InSylhet,duringanearthquakeof8.0MworiginatedfromDaukifault,therewillbe770 ignitions thatwill burn about 1.79 sq.mi 19.85%of the city area. It is alsoestimatedthatthatthefireswilldisplaceabout79,608peopleandburnabout171(millionsofdollars)ofbuildingvalue.OntheotherhandanearthquakeoriginatedfromPlateBoundaryfault3at8.3Mwwillberesponsiblefor769ignitionsthatwillburn about 2.22 sq.mi 24.62% of the city. It is also estimated that the fireswilldisplace about98,905people andburnabout221 (millionsofdollars)ofbuildingvalue.Theearthquakeiforiginatedfromunderthecityof6.0Mwwillberesponsiblefor770ignitionsthatwillburnabout2.17sq.mi20.06%ofthecity.Themodelalsoestimates that the fires will displace about 96,967 people and burn about 204(millionsofdollars)ofbuildingvalue.

DebrisGeneration

Theamountsofdebristhatwillbegeneratedbytheearthquakearecategorizedintotwogeneraltypes:

a)Brick/Wood



b)ReinforcedConcrete/Steel.

This classification is made because of the different types of material handlingequipmentrequiredtohandleandremovethedebris.


Duringanearthquakeof7.5Mworiginated fromMadhpurFault, a totalof30,599milliontonsofdebriswillbegenerated.Outofthisamount,Brick/Woodcomprises22.00%andReinforcedConcrete/Steelwith78%.Ifthedebristonnageisconvertedto an estimated number of truckloads to remove, 1,223,960,000 truckloads arerequired(@25tons/truck).SimilarlyanearthquakeoriginatedfromPlateboundaryfault2willgenerateatotalof19,147.00milliontonsofdebrisofwhichBrick/Woodcomprises19.00%ofthetotal,withtheremainderbeingReinforcedConcrete/Steel.If the debris tonnage is converted to an estimated number of truckloads, it willrequire765,880,000truckloads(@25tons/truck).Theearthquakeoriginatedfromunderthecityof6.0Mw,willberesponsible forgenerationofatotalof21,059.00million tons of debris. Out of this amount, Brick/Wood comprises 23.00% of thetotal,withtheremainderbeingReinforcedConcrete/Steel. If thedebristonnageisconverted to an estimated number of truckloads, it will require 842,360,000truckloads(@25tons/truck)toremoveit.


Duringanearthquakeof8.5Mworiginated fromPlateboundary fault1, a totalof13,350.00 million tons of debris will be generated. Out of this, Brick/Woodcomprises32%,withtheremainderbeingReinforcedConcrete/Steel. Ifthedebristonnage is converted to an estimated number of truckloads, it will require534,000,000 truckloads (@25 tons/truck) to remove it. On the other hand anearthquakeoriginatedfromPlateBoundaryfault2at8.0Mwwillberesponsiblefor2,079.00 million tons of debris of which Brick/Wood comprises 29%, with theremainderbeingReinforcedConcrete/Steel.Ifthedebristonnageisconvertedtoanestimated number of truckloads, it will require 83,160,000 truckloads (@25tons/truck)toremoveit.Theearthquakeiforiginatedfromunderthecityof6.0Mw,willgenerateanestimated5,423.00milliontonsofdebris.Outofthetotalamount,Brick/Wood comprises 31% of the total, with the remainder being ReinforcedConcrete/Steel. If the debris tonnage is converted to an estimated number oftruckloads, itwillrequire217,160,000truckloads(@25tons/truck)toremovethedebrisgeneratedbythisearthquake.




During an earthquake of 8.0 Mw originated from Dauki fault, a total of 18,93.00million tons of debris will be generated. In this amount, Brick/Wood comprises27%,withtheremainderbeingReinforcedConcrete/Steel. Ifthedebristonnageisconverted to an estimated number of truckloads, it will require 75,720,000truckloads (@25 tons/truck) to remove it. On the other hand an earthquakeoriginated from Plate Boundary fault2 at 8.3 Mw will be responsible for thegenerationof 256.00million tons of debris ofwhichBrick/Wood comprises 25%,and the remainder being Reinforced Concrete/Steel. If the debris tonnage isconverted to an estimated number of truckloads, it will require 10,240,000truckloads(@25tons/truck)toremoveit.Theearthquakeiforiginatedfromunderthecityof6.0Mw,willgenerateanestimated949.00milliontonsofdebris.Outofthetotalamount,Brick/Woodcomprises25%ofthetotal,withtheremainderbeingReinforced Concrete/Steel. If the debris tonnage is converted to an estimatednumber of truckloads, it will require 37,960,000 truckloads (@25 tons/truck) toremovethedebrisgeneratedbytheearthquake.

PotentialCasualtiesindifferentScenariosofEarthquake

Inordertotakenecessarypreparationbydifferentagencies,duringearthquake,thenumbers of people that will be injured and killed by the earthquake have beenestimatedintofour(4)severity levelsthatdescribetheextentof the injuries. Thelevelsaredescribedasfollows;

o SeverityLevel1:Injurieswillrequiremedicalattentionbuthospitalizationisnotneeded.

o SeverityLevel2:Injurieswillrequirehospitalizationbutarenotconsideredlifethreatening

o SeverityLevel3:Injurieswillrequirehospitalizationandcanbecomelifethreateningifnotpromptlytreated.

o SeverityLevel4:Victimsarekilledbytheearthquake.The casualty estimations are made for two times of day: 2:00 AM and 2:00 PM.Thesetimesrepresenttheperiodsofthedaythatdifferentsectorsofthecommunityare at their peak occupancy loads. The 2:00 AM estimate considers that theresidentialoccupancyloadismaximumandthe2:00PMestimateconsidersthattheeducational,commercialandindustrialsectorloadsaremaximum.FollowingarethedescriptiononthecasualtiesinthecityofDhaka,ChittagongandSylhetindifferenttimeondifferentscenarios.


Nighttime

Duringanearthquakeat7.5MworiginatedfromMadhupurfaultatnighttime,about18 thousand people will be killed immediately after the earthquake. About 9thousandpeoplewillrequirehospitalizationandcanbecomelifethreateningifnotpromptlytreated,about50thousandpeoplewillrequirehospitalizationbutarenotconsidered lifethreatening and about 150 thousand people will require medical



attentionlikefirstaidorsomekindoftreatment.Similarlyabout2thousandpeoplewill be killed, one thousand need to be hospitalized on a critical condition, seventhousand need to be hospitalized on moderate injuries and about 24 thousandpeoplewillrequiremedicalattentionifthereisanearthquakeat8.0MwfromplateboundaryFault2.Duringanearthquakeoriginated fromunder thecityat6.0Mw,about13 thousandpeoplewill die immediately, about seven thousandpeoplewillneedtobehospitalizedonacriticalcondition,about38thousandpeoplewillrequiretakingadmissioninhospitalwithmoderateinjuriesandabout110thousandpeoplewillrequiremedicalattention.Table:CasualtiesinDhakaduringdifferentcasesinDifferentTime

LevelofcasualtiesTimeandCase Level1 Level2 Level3 Level42AM Case1 152,307 50,905 9,028 17,884Case2 23,965 6,952 1,139 2,251Case3 110,753 37,265 6,671 13,2162PM Case1 137,582 45,810 8,221 15,892Case2 32,021 9,433 1,572 3,021Case3 91,863 30,759 5,586 10,804Source:Hazuscalculationbasedondatabase,engineeringgeologyandseismichazard

DaytimeAnearthquakeat7.5MworiginatedfromMadhupurfaultatdaytime,willkillabout16thousandpeopleimmediatelyaftertheearthquake.About8thousandpeoplewillrequire hospitalization and can become life threatening if not promptly treated,about46 thousandpeoplewill requirehospitalizationbut arenot considered lifethreateningandabout137thousandpeoplewillrequiremedicalattentionlikefirstaidorsomekindoftreatment.Similarlyabout3thousandpeoplewillbekilled,onethousandfivehundredneedtobehospitalizedonacriticalcondition,ninethousandfivehundredneed tobehospitalizedonmoderate injuriesandabout32 thousandpeoplewillrequiremedicalattentionifthereisanearthquakeat8.0MwfromplateboundaryFault2.Duringanearthquakeoriginated fromunder thecityat6.0Mw,about 10 thousandpeoplewill die immediately, about five thousand five hundredpeoplewillneedtobehospitalizedonacriticalcondition,about30thousandpeoplewill require taking admission in hospital with moderate injuries and about 92thousandpeoplewillrequiremedicalattention.


NighttimeDuring an earthquake at 8.5Mw originated from Plate Boundary Fault1 at nighttime, about 15 thousand people will be killed immediately after the earthquake.About 7 thousand people will require hospitalization and can become lifethreatening if not promptly treated, about 46 thousand people will requirehospitalization but are not considered lifethreatening and about 141 thousandpeople will require medical attention like first aid or some kind of treatment.Similarlyabout2thousandpeoplewillbekilled,twothousandthreehundredneed



tobehospitalizedonacriticalcondition,fourteenthousandneedtobehospitalizedonmoderateinjuriesandabout45thousandpeoplewillrequiremedicalattentionifthereisanearthquakeat8.0MwfromplateboundaryFault2.Duringanearthquakeoriginated from under the city at 6.0 Mw, about 5 thousand people will dieimmediately, about two thousandpeoplewill need to be hospitalized on a criticalcondition,about14thousandpeoplewillrequiretakingadmissioninhospitalwithmoderateinjuriesandabout46thousandpeoplewillrequiremedicalattention.Table:CasualtiesinChittagongduringdifferentcasesinDifferentTime

LevelofcasualtiesTimeandCase

Level1 Level2 Level3 Level4

2AM

Case1 141,391 46,335 7,436 14,545

Case2 16,968 5,430 905 1,780

Case3 45,778 14,343 2,328 4,571

2PM

Case1 130,068 44,785 7,919 15,370

Case2 14,923 4,875 858 1,660

Case3 41,863 13,662 2,392 4,639

Source:Hazuscalculationbasedondatabase,engineeringgeologyandseismichazard

Daytime

Anearthquakeat8.5MworiginatedfromPlateBoundaryFault1bydaytime,willkillabout15thousandpeoplewillbekilledimmediatelyaftertheearthquake.About7thousandpeoplewillrequirehospitalizationandcanbecomelifethreateningifnotpromptlytreated,about46thousandpeoplewillrequirehospitalizationbutarenotconsidered lifethreatening and about 130 thousand people will require medicalattentionlikefirstaidorsomekindoftreatment.Similarlyaboutonethousandsixhundred people will be killed, nine three hundred need to be hospitalized on acritical condition, five thousand need to be hospitalized onmoderate injuries andabout15thousandpeoplewillrequiremedicalattentionifthereisanearthquakeat8.0MwfromplateboundaryFault2.Duringanearthquakeoriginated fromunderthe city at 6.0 Mw, about 5 thousand people will die immediately, about twothousand people will need to be hospitalized on a critical condition, about 14thousand peoplewill require taking admission in hospitalwithmoderate injuriesandabout42thousandpeoplewillrequiremedicalattention.SylhetCityCorporationArea

NighttimeDuringanearthquakeat8.0MworiginatedfromDaukiFaultatnighttime,about42peoplewillbekilledimmediatelyaftertheearthquake.About21peoplewillrequirehospitalizationandcanbecome life threatening ifnotpromptly treated,about136peoplewillrequirehospitalizationbutarenotconsideredlifethreateningandabout442peoplewill requiremedical attention like first aidor somekindof treatment.Similarly about 2 people will be killed, one need to be hospitalized on a critical



condition, five to be hospitalized onmoderate injuries and 20 peoplewill requiremedicalattentionifthereisanearthquakeat8.3MwfromplateboundaryFault3.Duringanearthquakeoriginatedfromunderthecityat6.0Mw,about8peoplewilldie immediately, about four people will need to be hospitalized on a criticalcondition,about25peoplewillrequiretakingadmissioninhospitalwithmoderateinjuriesandabout86peoplewillrequiremedicalattention.

Table:CasualtiesinSylhetduringdifferentcasesinDifferentTime

TimeandCases

Level1 Level2 Level3 Level4

2AM

Case1 442 136 21 42

Case2 20 5 1 2

Case3 86 25 4 8

2PM

Case1 398 123 20 38

Case2 18 5 1 1

Case3 79 23 4 8

Source:Hazuscalculationbasedondatabase,engineeringgeologyandseismichazard

DaytimeAn earthquake at 8.0 Mw originated from Dauki Fault, during day time, will killabout 38 people immediately after the earthquake. About 20 people will requirehospitalizationandcanbecome life threatening ifnotpromptly treated,about123peoplewillrequirehospitalizationbutarenotconsideredlifethreateningandabout398peoplewill requiremedical attention like first aidor somekindof treatment.Similarly aboutonepeoplewill bekilled, oneneed tobehospitalizedona criticalcondition,fiveneedtobehospitalizedonmoderateinjuriesandabout18peoplewillrequiremedicalattention ifthere isanearthquakeat8.3MwfromplateboundaryFault3.Duringanearthquakeoriginatedfromunderthecityat6.0Mw,about8peoplewilldie immediately,about fourpeoplewillneed tobehospitalized on a critical condition, about 23 people will require takingadmissioninhospitalwithmoderateinjuriesandabout79peoplewillrequiremedicalattention.

PossibleavailabilityofhospitalbedsafteranearthquakeDuringscenariodevelopment,availablehospitalbedsandotherfacilitiesinthethreecities are considered.Based on available facilities, following is a likely scenario ofhospitalstocopewiththesituation.DhakaInDhakathereareabout59,849hospitalbedsavailableforuse.Onthedayafteranearthquakeof7.5Mw,it isestimatedthatonly26,171hospitalbeds(44%)willbe



available for use by patients already in the hospital and those injured by theearthquake. Afteroneweek,57%of thebedswillbeback inservice. By30days,73%willbeoperational.Afteranearthquakeat8.0Mwonlyabout28,265hospitalbeds (47%) are available for use by patients already in the hospital and thoseinjuredby theearthquake.During this situationafteroneweek,about63%of thebedswillbeback inserviceandby30days,80%willbefullyoperational. In leastcase during an earthquake at 6.0 Mw about 38,489 hospital beds (64%) will beavailable for use by patients already in the hospital and those injured by theearthquakeduringfirstday.Afteroneweek,78%ofthebedswillbebackinservice.By30days,88%willbeoperational.

Chittagong

Currently inChittagong thereareabout21,664hospitalbedsavailable foruse.Onthe day after an earthquake at 8.5 Mw, only 1,814 hospital beds (8%) will beavailable for use by patients already in the hospital and those injured by theearthquake. After oneweek, 15%of the bedswill be back in service. By 30 days,20%willbeoperational.Afteranearthquakeat8.0Mw,about15,680hospitalbeds(72%)willbeavailableforusebypatientsalreadyinthehospitalandthoseinjuredbytheearthquakeonthefirstday.Graduallyafteroneweek,83%ofthebedswillbebackinserviceandby30days,92%willbeoperational.Afterandearthquakeat6.0Mw,themodelestimatesthatonly8,774hospitalbeds(41%)willbeavailableforusebypatients already in thehospital and those injuredby the earthquake.Afterone week, 53% of the beds will be back in service. By 30 days, 72% will beoperational.

Sylhet

CurrentlyinSylhetthereareabout5237hospitalbedsavailableforuse.Onthedayafteranearthquakeat8.0Mw,only1,629hospitalbeds(31%)willbeavailableforusebypatients already in thehospital and those injuredby the earthquake.Afterone week, 39% of the beds will be back in service. By 30 days, 50% will beoperational.Afteranearthquakeat8.3Mw,about3568hospitalbeds(68%)willbeavailable for use by patients already in the hospital and those injured by theearthquakeonthefirstday.Graduallyafteroneweek,81%ofthebedswillbebackinserviceandby30days,93%willbeoperational.Afterandearthquakeat6.0Mw,themodelestimatesthatonly5,237hospitalbeds(43%)willbeavailableforusebypatientsalreadyinthehospitalandthoseinjuredbytheearthquake.Afteroneweek,56%ofthebedswillbebackinservice.By30days,77%willbeoperational.

GeneralAspectsofthePlan

ContingencyPlanWithRegardToEarthquakeHazardforArmedForcesDivision(AFD)


2.1 LegalProvisions,AuthorityandnationallevelDMFunctions ArmedForcesDivisionactedverycrediblyinrespondingtomajordisastereventsinthepastandisreadytoperformtherequireddutiesinanytypeofemergencyatanytime. Other than Bangladesh Fire Service this organization can be kept alert toperformanydutyon24/7alertlevelallthroughouttheyear.

TheauthorityforArmyunitstogotofieldisprovidedunderthelegalprovisionsoftheconstitutionundercommonlawofthecountryanditiscalledemploymentofMilitaryinaidtocivilpower

This lawcanbeapplied for any typeof emergency situationwhether it is amanmadeeventornaturalcalamity.

Beforemobilizingtheunitstheunitcommanderswillhavetheirownevaluationofthe situation and also provided with other information from possible externalsources(nationalandinternational)

TheAFDwillbegivenearlywarningtoprepare foremergencyresponsedutiesbyMilitary High authority during which they have to keep ready manpower,equipment andother resources.Thiswarningperiodmaybe fewhours or evenadaydependingonthenatureoftheevent(forexampleincaseofCyclonesAFDgetsalonger period to show readiness as Meteorological Agencies normally can makeavailable advance information on the possible cyclone track).They will wait untiltheyget theclearancetoproceedtoareasofneedfromArmyHQanddeploymentordercomesusuallyaftertheevent.

Theordernormallyflows

BroadObjectives: EnsureSafetyandsecurityofVictimsduringdisasterevents SearchandRescue(S&R)operations Responseactionssuchasdistributionoffood,water,medicinesandfirstaid

assistance, SupporttheactionsbyGovt.agenciestoensurethewelfareofvictims Securityforcriticalfacilities PostdisasterimmediateRecoveryactions AssistanceforRehabilitationofmostessentialInfrastructure

Divisional H/QArmy H/Q Brigade H/Q Units



2.2 TheMajorrolesassignedtoAFDinrelationtoNationalEarthquakeContingencyPlan

TheagencylevelresponsibilityofAFDwithregardstoEarthquakeRiskManagementistoensuremanagementofsituationofmasscasualtiesandtreatmentofvictimsasaresultofEarthquakesandmajoraftershocksandasaresultofcolateralhazards.ThemainrolesassignedtoAFDinrelationtoNationalEarthquakeContingencyPlanaretoensure:

S&R Firstaid&FirstMedicalResponsetoprovideemergencymedicaltreatment Triage,stabilizationofvictimsbeforetreatment Firesafety&rescue Securityarrangements,Maintenanceoflawandorder

2.3 ThesupportrolesassignedtoagencyunderNationalEarthquakeContingencyManagementPlan

AstrongNationalEarthquakeContingencyPlanisconsideredtobeaonethatisbuiltonafoundationforAFDthatpromotes Toprepareaframeworkforintegratedresponseeffortsbyformulatingawell

coordinated IncidentCommandSystem (ICS) for risk reductionofpotentialearthquakehazards.

EOCdevelopmentandreportingstructure ICSsystemdevelopmentatvariouslevels Command, Control, Coordination arrangement among first responder

organizations Readinessreporting

2.4 ObjectivesinfulfillingtheassignedrolesunderNationalEarthquakeContingencyPlan

TheagencylevelresponsibilityofAFDwithregardstoEarthquakeRiskManagementistoensuremanagementofEarthquakeEmergencysituationsasaresultofEarthquakes,majoraftershocksorresultingcollateralhazardssuchasFireoutbreaks,spillofhazardousmaterial,breachofdams,embankments,landslides,liquefactionetcand

Minimizethedeaths,injuries Minimizethepropertylosses Reducetheinterruptionstoservices,utilities,lifelinesfacilities Maintainlawandordersituationwithintheaffectedareasof

earthquakes



2.5StructureforCommand,ControlandCoordinationwithintheorganizationandwithoutsideagenciesArmed Forces Division is composed of Principal Staff Officer's Office, fourDirectoratesandanAdministrativeCompany.TheDirectoratesare: OperationsandPlansDirectorate(O&P) TrainingDirectorate(Trg) CivilandMilitaryRelationDirectorate(CMR) AdministrationandLogisticsDirectorate(A&L)

TheOrganogramoftheArmedForceDivision(AFD)isgiveninthefollowing. Command, Control and Coordinationmechanism for AFDwith regard to DisasterManagementareasfollows:OverallSupervision:PrincipalStaffOfficer,AFDFocalPoint:GeneralStaffOfficer1,AFDManagement support: Commanding officers of all relevant formations ofBangladeshArmy,NavyandAirForcesMonitoring:GeneralStaffOfficer1,AFD

2.6 PlanImplementationStrategiesThefollowingstrategiesaretobeadoptedinplanimplementation: Setting up a strong organizational framework to identify and assess

earthquake hazards, analyze vulnerability , assess risk and loss estimationwithregardstoreliefandrehabilitation;

Plan&developmentof institutionalcapabilitiestotranslateearthquakeriskreductionintoPreparednessandResponsePlans;

Divisional H/Q

Army H/Q

Brigade H/Q

Units



Establish a consistent, participatory approach to the management ofearthquakeemergencyresponses;

Propose a mechanism to integrate disaster management concept into theOperationalPlansofHealthServiceProvidersatalllevels;

Undertake training and education programs on all phases of disastermanagementforalllevelstobuildthecapacityofprofessionals;

Develop a mechanism to improve the relationships with nongovernmentorganizations to address mitigation, preparedness, response and recoveryphaseeffectively;

Transferknowledgeandstateoftheartoftechnologiesnecessarytosupportinstitutionaloperationsandimplementoperationplans;

2.7 PlanLimitations The Earthquake Contingency plan will not, and cannot, address all

circumstances(e.g.longtermrecoveryplans) ThePlanassumesthatthelineagencieswillhaveMandatoryprovisionsand

nationalcapacity todealwithassigned tasks.Mandatoryprovisions for lineagencies, ministries, and local governments. District authorities can begranted through a gazette notification but Lines of authority need to befinalizedandcommunicatedtoalllevels.

The Earthquake Contingency Plan requires similar planning at all levels ofgovernmentandbyanumberofkeyministriesandlinedepartments.Whilerespectiveagenciesneedtohavededicatedchampionstoundertakeplanningand implementation; Ministry of Food & Disaster management will have adifficulttaskincoordinatingandprovidingtechnicalassistance.

AFDmayneedadditionalresourcesintermsofqualifiedmanpower,technicalas well as financial resources to undertake assigned tasks under theEarthquakeContingencyPlan.

The Earthquake ContingencyManagement processwill take some times tobecomefullyfunctionalasanintegratedsystem.

ThePlanassumesthattheEmergencyOperationsCenteristobeestablishedon priority basis to have service functions for a 24/7 schedule with dutyofficersinplacewithclearlyidentifiednotificationprotocols.

ThePlancannotensurethatemergencyassistancetocommunitieswillarrivein time following a rapid onsite disaster unless the governmentwill haveemergency declarations in time. It will depend on efficient reliable andaccurate emergencymanagement system,which depends on application ofadvancedstateofthearttechnology.

Capableandcommitted staffwithappropriate financial resources, facilities,equipment and supplies is required to implement an effective, longtermprogrambasedontheplan.

2.8 IntendedUsersofthePlanThe direct users of the agency level Earthquake contingency plan will be themanagement personnel of Armed Forces Division (AFD), including all relevantformationsofBangladeshArmy,NavyandAirForces, inordertosavehumanlivesandminimizemasscasualtiesduetoearthquake.



InadditiontoAFD,theotherssuchaslineMinistries,Departments,CityAuthorities,NGOs/INGOs,electronicandpaperMedia,CommunitybasedOrganizations(CBOs),Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), Academia, Development Partners will be thepassive users of the plan as they will be providing support services for planimplementation. The ultimate beneficiaries would be the communities at risk tobringnormalcywithinafastestpossibletime.

FunctionalResponseRolesandResponsibilities


Functional Response Roles and Responsibilities

3.1 Emergency Response Tasks under Respective Functional Groups- Preparedness and Mitigation Phase (normal time activities)

To ensure this Contingency planning as a forward planning process, it is obvious to agree upon specific scenarios and objectives. An effective Potential Response System has to be put in place in order to prevent, or better respond to, an emergency or critical situation. In this regard, AFD needs to accomplish the following activities well-before the earthquake event. Contingency planning: Develop contingency plans for earthquake risk for AFD to cover all high risk areas Conduct necessary training and capacity building for AFD officials for plan update Carry out periodic reporting to authorities on readiness of the AFD for responding

to earthquake events Operations Response: Participate in EOC operations and reporting of readiness Setting up earthquake Incident Command Systems with relevant agencies where

necessary (establishment, training and capacity building) Develop guidelines for AFD Logistic supply, management and deployment of

resources Operation surveillance Training for AFD teams selected for mobilizing in earthquake

events Emergency Services: Capacity building for creating special units in AFD for Search and rescue from

collapsed buildings, infrastructure Capacity building of medicolegal procedure for Identification and tagging of dead

bodies with health group Capacity building procedure for Restricting or preventing entry to damaged buildings

and conduct training on INSARAG Capacity building on handling situations of release of Chemical, Biological and toxic

harmful waste during earthquakes. Procurement of necessary tools and equipment for Urban S&R operations and get

the civil authorities to develop inventories of such equipment available for use during earthquakes

Obtain details on warehouses for emergency supplies under government institutions Urban Crisis Planning: Vulnerability assessment of Critical buildings of Armed Forces division and measures

to reduce the vulnerability. Collect maps for urban areas and identify with city authorities areas suitable for

evacuation of victims Collect maps and other information related to pre-positioned essential facilities to be

used during earthquakes(bore holes for water supply, tools for USER , equipments , fire hydrants etc)



Immediate Recovery: Participate in training programs on procedures for sector based Assessment of loss

and damage Participate in training programs on recovery planning after earthquake event

3.2 Emergency Response Tasks under Respective Functional Groups Response phase (activities during and soon after the disaster events)

Contingency planning: Compliance with plan arrangements and reporting on the AFD involvement in

contingency plan implementation Operations Response: Facilitate EOC operations Mobilize earthquake Incident Command System where necessary under the

command of AFD Facilitate coordination of Logistic supply management Networking with organizations under ICS Logistic supply management Coordinate surveillance Operations

Emergency Services: Mobilize special units for Search and rescue from collapsed buildings, infrastructure Assist health teams tagging of dead bodies and locating missing during the

earthquake Undertake actions for Restricting or preventing entry to damaged buildings with

assistance from project groups Deploy special teams to handle release of Chemical, Biological and toxic harmful

waste during earthquakes. Mobilizing necessary tools and equipment for Urban S&R operation Facilitate emergency supply distribution and ensure safety of victims

Urban Crisis Planning: Rapid damage assessment of buildings of Armed force division, for prevention of

further damage due to aftershocks Facilitate evacuation to suitable open areas and assist in setting up camps. Mobilize access to pre-positioned essential facilities Ensue safety and security in evacuation areas and prevent actions for uprising due to

various reasons Restrict access to damaged areas

Health & Emergency Medical Care: Assist transportation of injured to hospitals Assist setting up of temporary hospitals in suitable locations Assist in providing emergency medical care to displaced persons.



Deploy special teams to handle victims due to release of Chemical, Biological and toxic harmful waste during earthquakes.

Provide first aid to displaced and injured where necessary

Welfare, Food and Nutrition: Liaise with relevant govt. Institutions, line departments, district authorities to ensure

welfare of victims and food supply Assist other stakeholder institutions such as NGOs and INGOs for Supply of food

and supplementary items to displaced Mass Media Communications and Public Information: Facilitate media coverage by media institutions on reporting disaster events Facilitate public information dissemination related to emergency declaration,

announcements & warnings on after shocks

Water and Sanitation: Observe the emergency water supply needs and communicate to relevant

stakeholders Close Surveillance in epidemic outbreak in affected areas due to problems connected

with water and sanitation and make remedial actions

Transport: Assist transport authorities to restore the transportation systems to reach critical

areas for S&R teams and supply of relief

Immediate Recovery: Assist in rapid assessment surveys

3.3 Emergency Response Tasks under Respective Functional Groups Recovery phase (activities following a disaster event)

Contingency planning: Compliance with plan arrangements and reporting on the AFD involvement in

contingency plan implementation Operations Response: Facilitate EOC operations Evaluation of performance of earthquake Incident Command System and

recommend improvements Facilitate coordination of Logistic supply management and deployment Facilitate Deployment of resources Facilitate Deployment of resources Coordinate surveillance Operations

Emergency Services: Mobilize special units for Search and rescue from collapsed buildings, infrastructure Assist health teams tagging of dead bodies and locating missing during the

earthquake Undertake actions for Restricting or preventing entry to damaged buildings with

assistance from project groups



Undertake post disaster surveillance of situations of release of Chemical, Biological and toxic harmful waste during after shocks of earthquakes.

Mobilizing necessary tools and equipment for Urban S&R operation Facilitate emergency supply distribution and ensure safety of victims

Urban Crisis Planning: Rapid damage assessment of buildings of Armed force division, for prevention of

further damage due to aftershocks Facilitate provision of basic services to camps for displaced. Mobilize access to pre-positioned essential facilities Ensue safety and security in evacuation areas and prevent actions for uprising due to

various reasons Facilitate access to damaged areas for restoration of services by service agencies

Health: Assist transportation of injured to hospitals Assist setting up of temporary hospitals in suitable locations Assist in providing emergency medical care to displaced persons. Deploy special teams to handle victims due to release of Chemical, Biological and

toxic harmful waste during earthquakes. Provide first aid to displaced and injured where necessary

Welfare, Food and Nutrition Liaise with relevant govt. Institutions, line departments, district authorities to ensure

welfare of victims and food supply Assist other stakeholder institutions such as NGOs and INGOs for Supply of food

and supplementary items to displaced

Planning of Utilities: Assist Utility agencies to restore and rehabilitate supply of power, water, gas, to

critical agencies(hospitals, AFD, Police, evacuation camps so on) and in waste disposal

Mass Media Communications and Public Information: Facilitate media coverage by media institutions on reporting disaster events Facilitate public information dissemination related to emergency declaration,

announcements & warnings on after shocks

Water and Sanitation: Observe the emergency water supply needs and communicate to relevant

stakeholders Close Surveillance in epidemic outbreak in affected areas due to problems connected

with water and sanitation and make remedial actions

Transport: Assist transportation authorities to commence rehabilitation of damaged transport

infrastructure and facilities, rail roads, main roads, ports, airports etc



Immediate Recovery: Provide resource inputs for restoring the normalcy after earthquakes Provide resource inputs for recovery especially restoration of services to buildings

belongs to AFD

OperatingProcedureGuidelines



4.1 Planningassumptions TheagencylevelresponsibilityofArmedForceDivision(AFD)withregards

to Earthquake Risk Management is to ensure Management of EarthquakeEmergencysituationbyprovisionofCommandandControlforallResponseactivities.Duringnormal timesactionsshouldbe takentostudytheAgreedactionslistedintheNationallevelPlanandarrangementsshouldbemadetocovercomprehensivelyallsuchactionsduringAgency levelplanningbytheconcernedsubagenciesundertheAFD.

Thelevelofpreparednessatanygiventimedeterminesthelevelofresponsecapacity of the AFD during any Earthquake disaster situation. Themaintenance of standards of services, verification of effectiveness throughsimulations and conduct of regular stock taking of the readiness duringnormal timesshouldbeconductedandreportedregularly.ThisensurestheresponsecapacityoftheAFDtoanyearthquakedisastersituation

Operating procedures for mobilizing the support and participation of allother First Responder organizations during various stages of EarthquakedisasterresponseisstatedintheNationalContingencyPlanforEarthquakes.TherelevantofficialsofAFDinleadpositionsarerequiredtostudytheseandadopt appropriatemeasures to ensureCommandControl andCoordinationundertheleadershipofAFDinfirstresponderactivitiesduringearthquakes.

In order to clarify the Command Control procedure during Earthquakeemergenciesnecessary IncidentCommand training shouldbeorganized forselected officials attached to First responder organizations in major citieswithhighseismicrisksuchasDhaka,Chittagong,Sylhet

For effective preparedness, theAFDmust have an Earthquake Contingencyplan prepared or disaster response procedures clearly defined for majorcitieswithhighseismicrisksuchasDhaka,Chittagong,Sylhetetc,inordertoavoidconfusionandimproveefficiencyincostandtime.

Orientation and training for Earthquake Contingency plan and proceduresaccompanied by simulated exercises, will keep the AFD prepared for sucheventualities. Special skills required during emergency operations(such asUrban search&Rescue, FirstMedical response, CollapseBuilding search&Rescue etc) need to be imparted to the officials and the staff of AFD. Theequipment and tools required should be procured or databases of suchequipmentavailablewithotheragenciesshouldbemadeavailabletoAFDbyDMB.

SelectedpersonnelofArmy,AirForce,Navy,ParamilitaryforcesinDistricts,Pourashava,major cities with high seismic risk such as Dhaka, Chittagong,Sylhetetc,canbedesignatedas"NODALOFFICERSAFD",OfficerinchargeAFDDistrict and "Officerincharge AFDCity level" respectively foreffectiveCommand,ControlandCoordinationduringearthquakeevents.



Totheextentpossible,preventivemeasuresasrecommendedintheNationalEarthquakeContingencyPlanshouldbeundertakentoimprovethecapacitytorespondofAFDtoanearthquakedisaster.

4.2 Normaltimeactivities

DevelopAgencylevelcontingencyplansforearthquakeriskespeciallyplanstocoverDistricts,Pourashava,majorcitieswithhighseismicrisksuchasDhaka,Chittagong,Sylhetetc

AssesspreparednessleveloftheAFDandreportthesameaspertheformatgiventoNationalEOCeverysixmonths.

Undertake Routine Capacity building of AFD cadre in special Search andrescue operations, Medical First Responder functions and station themwithinEarthquakehighriskareas.

Making arrangements to have simulations and drills, refresher courses toretain the capacity for special Emergency Response operations & USERoperations.

Participate in National EOC operations and reporting of readinessperiodically

SettingupearthquakeIncidentCommandSystemswherenecessary(establishment,trainingandcapacitybuilding)especiallytocovermajorcitieswithhighseismicrisksuchasDhaka,Chittagong,Sylhetetc

AssistDMBinDevelopmentanddisseminationofguidelinesforLogisticsupplymanagement,DeploymentofresourcesOperationsurveillanceduringearthquakes

AssisthealthauthoritiesinDevelopmentofmedicologicalprocedureforIdentificationandtaggingofdeadbodieswithhealthgroup

DevelopanddisseminateprocedureforRestrictingorpreventingentrytodamagedbuildingsandconducttrainingonINSARAG

ProcurementofnecessarytoolsandequipmentforUrbanS&Roperationsandgetthecivilauthoritiestodevelopinventoriesofsuchequipmentavailableforuseduringearthquakes

Obtaindetailsonwarehousesforemergencysuppliesundergovernmentinstitutions

MakearrangementsforVulnerabilityassessmentofbuildings,criticalfacilities,infrastructureofarmedforcedivision.

Collectmapsforurbanareasandidentifywithcityauthoritiesareassuitableforevacuationofvictims

Collectmapsandotherinformationrelatedtoprepositionedessentialfacilitiestobeusedduringearthquakes(boreholes,tools,equipments,firehydrantsetc)

ParticipateintrainingprogramsonproceduresforsectorbasedAssessmentoflossanddamage

Participateintrainingprogramsonrecoveryplanningafterearthquakeevent4.3 Activities on receipt of notice of Activation if National Earthquake

ContingencyPlan

Within the affected City/district/electoral ward, AFD will undertake theCommand, Control and Coordination of response activities with the



leadership of Response Commander NODAL OFFICERAFD. All otherrelevantAFDpersonnelwillbemadeavailabletotheResponseCommander.Ifmorepersonnelarerequired,thenoutofstationofficersorthoseonleavemayberecalled.

All personnel required for Earthquake Response from First ResponderOrganizations should work under the overall supervision and guidance ofResponseCommander

EstablishradiocommunicationswithNationalEmergencyOperationsCentre,districtcontrolroomsandAFDofficeswithinthedivision.

Review precautionary measures, procedures of operations through dailyreview with relevant senior staff, to improve the Response services byResponse Commander NODAL OFFICERAFD and make arrangements fornecessarybackupsupportifneeded

Assist the authorities tomake arrangements for stand by Resources (manpower,material,equipment)throughtheassistanceofEOCandDMB

Response Commander NODAL OFFICERAFD will make arrangements forraid assessment of buildings for suitability for occupation, special care andservicestoagenciesandcriticalfacilitiessuchas

o AFDo FS&CDo Hospitalso WaterSupply/electricity/gasauthoritieso Policestationso Telecommunicationsbuildingso DMBandDRR

WithinhisareaofCommandandcontrol Ifnecessaryacquirethemachinery,vehicles,equipmentetcandparkthemin

protectedareaforutilizationofsearchandrescueoperationsasneeded Checkemergencytoolkits,assemblinganyadditionalequipmentneededfor

utilizationofsearchandrescueoperationsasrequired Review the total extent of the damage to AFD buildings, equipment,

installations Reviewthetotalextentofthedamageandfireoutbreakswithinmajorcities

byarrangingareconnaissanceflight,ifpossible. On the recommendations of the Response Commander OfficerinCharge

Power Supply/Gas supply/water supply" of the relevant institutions in theaffected areas, Instruct City/district staff of the relevant institutions todisconnectthemainsupplyfortheaffectedarea

Dispatchspecialprofessionalsearchandrescueteams,emergencyresponseteams,medicalresponseteamsofAFDtoaffectedareasbutunattended.

Readiness Checklist

ContingencyPlanWithRegardToEarthquakeHazardforArmedForcesDivision(AFD)

ReadinessChecklist

5.1 ReadinessChecklistandReportingFormats ThePreparednessChecklistandReportingTemplateforAFDwithregardtoEarthquakehazardisgivenbelow:

(TobefilledbytheNodalOfficerofM&EDepartmentandsubmittedthroughtheAFDtotheNationalEOCattheendofMayandNovembereveryyear)

PreparednessMeasurestaken Details/Remarks

TheAFDstaffisfamiliarwithoftheEarthquakeContingencyplanofAFD

Orientation and training for Earthquake Contingency plan andproceduresundertaken.

Each relevant officer understands earthquake disaster responseprocedureshehastofollowduringearthquakeevent.

Special skills required during Earthquake emergency operationsimpartedtotheofficialsandthestaff.

AFDpossestodatefollowingprofessionalsFirstresponders

NoofMasterInstructorsforCSSR NoofmasterInstructorsforMFR NoofspeciallytrainedFSCDcadreofFirstRespondersfor

CSSRandMFR

Reviewedandupdated:

Precautionarymeasuresandprocedures.

Thevulnerabilityassessmentofbuildings,criticalfacilities,infrastructure

The precautions to be taken to protect equipments andmaterialhavebeenundertaken.

Postearthquakedisasterprocedurestobefollowed.

No of AFDBuildingswere strengthened to have high standard ofsafety

Readiness Checklist


Seismic hazard maps of following districts/porushava/cityauthorities have been collected and relevant Nodal Officers arefamiliar with evacuation areas, places of prepositioning ofearthquakeemergencysupplies,equipment,resourcesetc.

1.2.

3.

An officer has been designated as Nodal Officer for EarthquakeDisaster Response NODAL OFFICERAFD for each city, districtlocatedinthehighseismichazardareaasfollows;

Name, designation and contact details of the officers are asfollows;

Additional Sources of supply of materials, manpower, equipmentrequired tosupportAFD inEarthquakeresponseoperationshave beenidentified.

ReportedBy:Designation: AFD Signature: Date

ActionsforTraining&CapacityBuildingofStaff,AwarenessCreation,Reporting,PrepositioningofEmergencyFacilities,ResourceMobilizationforPurchaseofEquipments


ActionsforTraining&CapacityBuildingofStaff,AwarenessCreation,Reporting,PrepositioningofEmergencyFacilities,

ResourceMobilizationforPurchaseofEquipments

6.1 AssessmentofExistingCapacity(Manpower,equipmentandmaterial) Needtobeincorporated.

6.2 GapAnalysis(Manpower,equipmentandmaterial) Followingsarethekeyelementsidentifiedtoenhancetheemergencypreparednessforasustainableresponse.

Issue Description Recommendation

Sharingresourceswithciviladministration

There is no system in place foracquiring private resources(equipment, supplies manpoweretc) by armed forceundernormalcivil law even when there is asevereneedtohelpvictims.

Regulations should beintroduced orprovisions underemployment ofMilitary in aid to civilpower should beamended so that AFDwill be able to useequipment availablewith other agencies incaseofemergencies.

Lackofcoordinationwithciviladministration

NotnecessarilygovernmentagenciesorcivilsocietyagenciesfollowordersfromtheAFDundernormalcivillawduringplacementofgovt.Officersundermilitarycommanderorinothertypeofresourceallocation,distributionetc..

ThereisaneedforcreatingMandatoryprovisionsforestablishingaCommandandCoordinationstructureinplaceduringspecialsituationscreatedunderemploymentofMilitaryinaidtocivilpowerforcivilianofficialstoworkunderthecommandofAFDandforuseofothergovt.resources




ThisisnoCommand/Control/coordinationbetweenAFDanddifferentstakeholderinstitutionsforoptimizationofresourcedistributionwhenAFDtakesoverthecommandandcontrolformanagingdisasterevents.

RegularprocessshouldbeintroducedtocoordinatewithNGOs(especiallyINGOswhichhavelargestocksofReliefandwelfareitems)andgovernmentresponderorganizationstogetassistanceofAFDindistributionofreliefandwelfareitems.MoreoftenthatwillbehandledbyAFD(duetoitspotentialforquickmobilizationfordistributionofsuchitemsanditsresourcebase)

Lackofpropermethodologiesfordamage/needassessment

AFD officials are usually calledupon to undertake rapidassessments soon after thedisaster events. AFD does notfollow any standard methodologyfor damage and need assessmentand assessments are made veryarbitrarily

It is necessary tointroduce the DamageAssessment and Needanalysis (DANA)methodology used byGovt.

Institutions in AFDstrainingcurriculacanbedone throughintegratingPEERtypeoftraining in AFDacademies orintroducing somespecial courses for AFDofficials.

Lackofpropertraining Capacity building is an essentialneed to respond to specialsituationsarisingfromEarthquakeandAFDneedstosetuptrainingofspecial USER groups(such asCollapse Building Search andRescue(CSSR), Medical FirstResponder Training(MFR),urbansearch and rescue(USER),evaluation of safety of buildings,training on INSARAG UnifiedSystem used for identification ofstructures as per InternationalS&R Advisory Group guidelines(UNOCHAetc)

Need to create anInstructor and masterInstructor base in AFDfor conducting suchtraining.




NocomprehensivedatabaseisavailabletoAFD.

The AFD need todevelop acomprehensive database on all theresources in hand formobilizing the same incase of large scaledisaster event likeearthquake.

Lackofdatabaseandneedforaccessingdatabasesofotherorganizations

AFDmaynothaveaccesstothedatabasesofothergovt.agencies

Necessaryaccessshouldbe given to AFD intodatabases maintainedby Govt. responderinstitutions

Nomethodologyforvulnerabilityassessment

AFDprofessionalsdonothaveanystandardmethodologyforvulnerabilityassessmentforbuildingsandothercriticalinfrastructures

The methodology forrapid assessment ofVulnerability ofBuildings need to beintroduced to AFDEngineersandmeasuresshouldbeundertakentoconduct vulnerabilityassessment of buildingsand criticalinfrastructure belong toAFDandlocated inhighhazardzone.

LackofIncidentCommandSystem

AFDwillberequiredtoundertakekeyroleinmanyoperationspre,duringandafteranydisasterevent.WhiledoingthisAFDwillberequiredtointeractwithmanygovernmentandnongovt.organizations.AtpresentthereisnoIncidentCommandSystemin

There should be anIncident CommandSystem in place at alllevels.This isneededtobe developed duringpredisaster period toensure Command andControl of AFD so that




placeatanylevel. everybody under suchCommand and Control(civilian govt. officers)understandtheroleandexpectations whileserving in calamitysituations. Otherwise itis difficult to carry outM&E operations forperformance and toprovide an efficientservice duringemergencies.

6.3 Processforaddressingthegaps Enhanced capability of the health sector to effectively address health risks toemergenciesthrough: Developmentofanintegratedemergencyhealthmanagementmechanismthat

covers areas of risk assessment, health intelligence, capacity building, publicawarenessaswellaseffectiveemergencyresponsecapability;

Using public health and hazard mapping" as a useful operational tool forhealthriskassessmentofthehazardproneareas;

Development of technical guidelines, and surveillance standards in order topromotebesthealthpracticeduringhumanitariancrisissituation;

Capacitybuildingforrapidhealthneedsassessmentfollowinganyemergencyin order to ensure that the most vulnerable population benefit from thehumanitarianhealthreliefProgramme.

6.4 ActionPlanforEnhancementofCapacity Establishment of core group at periphery level including all stakeholders

(DMB, CDMP, LGRD/Civil Admin./Fire Service & CivilDefence/Army/NGOs/CBOsandotherrelevantministries)

Enhanced the national capacity of disaster mitigation in respect of planningand responding to disasters, like Earthquakes and Tsunamis by preparingEarthquake/TsunamiResponsePlan

Conductandassessfieldbasedsurveytofindoutvulnerabilityoftheareafortheircapacitybuildingbytabletalk&simulationexercise.

EstablishmentofField/MobileHospital



Provide more training capacity building and regular Mock drill forpreparedness for any impending disasters and postdisaster health caremanagement.

DistributeemergencylifesavingsdrugsformaintainingbufferstockinordertoorganizecasemanagementinemergencysituationsforUpazilaanddistrictlevelaspreparednessfordisaster

Provision of emergency transport like country boat, speed boat, emergencyambulanceetcandincreasereservefundforemergencyresponse

Ensuringadequatesupplyof logistics like lifejacket,raincoat,umbrella,gumboot,andothersessentialmaterialsduringresponseactivities.

Bibliography


BibliographyADB (1991),DisasterMitigation inAsia and the Pacific, Asian Development Bank,

Manila,PhilipinesADPC(2000),StandardOperationProceduresofUrbanDisasterManagement in the

MunicipalityofBandung,Bangkok10400,ThailandAli,A.(1999),Ghurnijhar(Cyclone).Dhaka,BanglaAcademy,BangladeshAnsary,M.A. andAli,M.(2004),SeismicriskofDhakacityandroleof the insurance

community,InsuranceJournalofBangladesh,No.55,pp.534.Ansary,M.A.(2004),Seismic lossestimationofDhaka foranearthquakeof intensity

vii,OrientalGeographer,No.48(1),pp.116Ansary, M.A. (2003), Status of earthquake risk mitigation in Bangladesh (Paper

presentedatthe3rdWSSIWorkshoponEQS,Bangkok).Banglapedia(2007),Earthquake,AsiaticSocietyofBangladeshBBS(2003),StatisticalYearBook2003,BangladeshBureauofStatistics,BangladeshBNBC (1993), Bangladesh National Building Code 1993, Ministry of Housing and

PublicWorks,BangladeshCarney,D.(1998).SustainableRuralLivelihoods:WhatContributionsCanWeMake?

DepartmentforInternationalDevelopment,LondonCEGIS(2001),ApplicationofAgroecologicalZonesDatabaseinDroughtManagement

and Water Availability Assessment, Environment and GIS Support Project,MinistryofWaterresources,GovernmentofBangladesh,Dhaka.

City of Pasadena (1997), Comprehensive EmergencyManagement Plan, California,USA

Choudhury,JamilurReza(2005),OptionsforUrbanDisasterRiskManagement :TheBangladesh Experience, Paper presented at the National Workshop onOptions forUrbanDisasterRiskManagement inBangladeshorganizedbytheComprehensiveDisasterManagementProgramme,MoFDM,on28thMay,2005atHotelLakeShore,Dhaka.

DMB (2006), Disaster Risk Management Profile, Ministry of Food and DisasterManagement,Dhaka,Bangladesh

GoB (1999), Standing Orders on Disaster, Ministry of Disaster Management andReliefandDisasterManagementBureau,Bangladesh

GoB(2008),DraftDisasterManagementAct,2008,DisasterManagementBureauGoB (2005), Disaster Management Strategic Plan 2005, Disaster Management

Bureau,MinistryofFoodandDisasterManagement,BangladeshGoB(2008),NationalPlanforDisasterManagement20072015,MinistryofFoodand

DisasterManagement,BangladeshGoB(.), National DisasterManagement Policy, Disaster Management Bureau and

MinistryofFoodandDisasterManagement,Bangladesh

Bibliography


GoB(2008),SuperCycloneSIDR:ImpactsandStrategiesforInterventions,MinistryofFoodandDisasterManagement,Bangladesh

GoI (2001), National Disaster Response Plan, Department of Agriculture andCooperation,MinistryofAgriculture,GovernmentofIndia,October,2001

GoI(2007),NationalDisasterManagementGuidelines:ManagementofEarthquakes,NationalDisasterManagementAuthorityGovernmentofIndia

GuptaH.K.,Rajendran,K.andSingh,H.N.,(1986),Seismicityof thenortheast IndiaregionpartI:thedatabase,JournalofGeologicalSocietyofIndia,Vol.28,pp.345365.

ESCAP(1995),TheStateoftheEnvironmentinAsiaandthePacific,ESCAP,BangkokFEMA (2005), ICS200: ICS for Single Resources and Initial Action Incidents.

September,2005FEMA(2002),GettingStartedBuildingSupportforMitigationPlanning.Ferdausi, M.(2005), Bangladesh Country Perspective on Emergency Preparedness,

MinistryofFoodandDisasterManagement,BangladeshIASC (2007), Inter Agency Contingency Planning Guidelines For Humanitarian

Assistance,InterAgencyStandingCommitteeIFRCS, (2007), Disaster response and contingency planning guide, International

FederationofRedCrossandRedCrescentSocieties,Geneva,SwitzerlandIslam,Nazrul(1996),DHAKA:FromCitytoMegacity:PerspectivesonPeople,Places,

PlanningandDevelopmentIssues,BangladeshMohitetal (2002).DelineationofFloodDamagedZonesofDhakaCityBasedonthe

1998 Flood by Using GIS, Engineering Concerns of Flood. BangladeshUniversityofEngineeringandTechnology(BUET),Bangladesh

NSET(1999),TheKatmanduValleyEarthquakeRiskManagementActionPlan,NepalPacificDisasterCenter(2006),DisasterRiskManagementProfile,DhakaBangladesh

(http://emi.pdc.org/cities/CP_DhakaJuly2006.pdf)Richard C. (2007), Contingency planning and humanitarian action, A Review of

Practice.HPNNetworkPaperNo.59,March2007Sharfuddin, M. (2001), Earthquake Hazard Analysis for Bangladesh. M.Sc. Engg.

UnpublishedThesis,BUET,DhakaUNHCR(2000),ContingencyPlanning,Geneva,SwitzerlandUNHCR and NDCC (2003), Contingency Planning for Emergencies, Geneva,

SwitzerlandWeinstock, Dr. Joseph A., (2005), New Directions of Asian Development Bank in

ReducingDisaster,AsianDevelopmentBank,Japan

GlossaryofTerms


GlossaryofTermsBuildingCodes Ordinances and regulations controlling the design, construction,

materials, alteration and occupancy of any structure to insurehuman safety andwelfare. Building codes include both technicalandfunctionalstandards.

Capacity Acombinationofallthestrengthsandresourcesavailablewithinacommunity, society or organization that can reduce the level ofrisk,ortheeffectsofadisaster.

Capacity may include physical, institutional, social or economicmeans as well as skilled personal or collective attributes such asleadership and management. Capacity may also be described ascapability.

CapacityBuilding Efforts aimed to develop human skills or societal infrastructureswithinacommunityororganizationneededtoreducethelevelofrisk.

In extended understanding, capacity building also includesdevelopmentofinstitutional,financial,politicalandotherresources,suchastechnologyatdifferentlevelsandsectorsofthesociety.

Cluster Aclusterisessentiallyasectoralgroupandthereshouldbenodifferentiation between the two in terms of their objectives andactivities; the aim of filling gaps and ensuring adequatepreparedness and response should be the same. (IASC GuidanceNoteonUsingtheClusterApproachNov2006)

ClusterApproach TheCluster Approach aims to strengthen humanitarian responsecapacity and effectiveness in five keyways: i) ensuring sufficientglobalcapacityisbuiltupandmaintainedinkeygapsectors/areasof response; ii) identifying predictable leadership in the gapsectors/areas of response; iii) facilitating partnerships andimprovedinteragencycomplementaritybymaximizingresources;iv)strengtheningaccountability;and5) improvingstrategic fieldlevel coordination and prioritization in specific sectors/areas ofresponsebyplacingresponsibilityforleadershipandcoordinationof these issues with the competent operational agency. (IASCGuidanceNoteonUsingtheClusterApproachNov2006)

ClusterLeads Aclusterleadisanagency/organizationthatformallycommitstotake on a leadership role within the international humanitariancommunity in a particular sector/area of activity, to ensureadequate response and high standards of predictability,accountability & partnership. (IASC Guidance Note on Using theClusterApproachNov2006)

Disaster Aseriousdisruptionofthefunctioningofacommunityorasocietycausingwidespreadhuman,material, economicorenvironmentallosses which exceed the ability of the affected community orsocietytocopeusingitsownresources.

A disaster is a function of the risk process. It results from thecombinationofhazards,conditionsofvulnerabilityand insufficient

GlossaryofTerms


capacityormeasurestoreducethepotentialnegativeconsequencesofrisk.

DisasterRiskManagement

The systematic process of using administrative decisions,organization, operational skills and capacities to implementpolicies, strategies and coping capacities of the society andcommunitiesto lessenthe impactsofnaturalhazardsandrelatedenvironmental and technological disasters. This comprises allforms of activities, including structural and nonstructuralmeasures to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation andpreparedness)adverseeffectsofhazards.

DisasterRiskReduction(disasterreduction)

The conceptual framework of elements considered with thepossibilities to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risksthroughoutasociety,toavoid(prevention)orto limit(mitigationand preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards, within thebroadcontextofsustainabledevelopment.

Thedisasterriskreduction framework iscomposedofthe followingfieldsofaction,asdescribedinISDR'spublication2002"LivingwithRisk:aglobalreviewofdisasterreductioninitiatives",page23:

Risk awareness and assessment including hazard analysisandvulnerability/capacityanalysis;

Knowledge development including education, training,researchandinformation;

Publiccommitmentand institutional frameworks, includingorganisational,policy,legislationandcommunityaction;

Application of measures including environmentalmanagement, landuse and urban planning, protection ofcritical facilities, application of science and technology,partnershipandnetworking,andfinancialinstruments;

Earlywarning systems including forecasting,disseminationofwarnings,preparednessmeasuresandreactioncapacities.

Earthquake An earthquake is a series of vibrations on the earths surfacecausedbythegenerationofelastic(seismic)wavesduetosuddenrupture within the earth during release of accumulated strainenergy.

EmergencyManagement

The organization and management of resources andresponsibilities for dealing with all aspects of emergencies, inparticularlypreparedness,responseandrehabilitation.

Emergency management involves plans, structures andarrangements established to engage the normal endeavours ofgovernment,voluntaryandprivateagenciesinacomprehensiveandcoordinatedway to respond to thewhole spectrum of emergencyneeds.Thisisalsoknownasdisastermanagement.

Emergency Consistsofallactivitiestakeninanticipationofacrisistoexpediteeffectiveemergencyresponse.Thisincludescontingencyplanning,

GlossaryofTerms


Preparedness butisnot limitedto it: italsocoversstockpiling,thecreationandmanagementofstandbycapacitiesandtrainingstaffandpartnersin emergency response. (Source: ODIHPN Contingency PlanningReviewPaper2007)

FirstResponder The term 'first responder' refers to those agencies/ individualswho in the early stages of an incident are responsible for theprotection and preservation of life, property, evidence, and theenvironment, including emergency responseproviders aswell asemergencymanagement,publichealth,clinicalcare,publicworks,and other skilled support personnel (such as equipmentoperators) that provide immediate support services duringprevention,response,andrecoveryoperations.

Source:HomelandSecurityActof2002(6U.S.C.101,Washington,U.S.A.)

Geographicinformationsystems(GIS)

Analysis that combine relational databases with spatialinterpretationandoutputsofteninformofmaps.Amoreelaboratedefinition is that of computerprogrammes for capturing, storing,checking, integrating, analysing and displaying data about theearththatisspatiallyreferenced.

Geographicalinformationsystemsareincreasinglybeingutilisedforhazard and vulnerabilitymapping and analysis, aswell as for theapplicationofdisasterriskmanagementmeasures.

Hazard A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or humanactivitythatmaycausethelossoflifeorinjury,propertydamage,socialandeconomicdisruptionorenvironmentaldegradation.

Hazards can include latent conditions that may represent futurethreats and can have different origins: natural (geological,hydrometeorologicalandbiological)orinducedbyhumanprocesses(environmental degradation and technological hazards). Hazardscanbesingle,sequentialorcombinedintheiroriginandeffects.Eachhazard is characterised by its location, intensity, frequency andprobability.

HazardAnalysis Identification,studiesandmonitoringofanyhazardtodetermineitspotential,origin,characteristicsandbehaviour.

LandusePlanning Branch of physical and socioeconomic planning that determinesthemeansandassessesthevaluesorlimitationsofvariousoptionsinwhich land is tobeutilized,with the corresponding effects ondifferent segments of thepopulationor interests of a communitytakenintoaccountinresultingdecisions.

Landuse planning involves studies and mapping, analysis ofenvironmentalandhazarddata,formulationofalternativelandusedecisionsanddesignofalongrangeplanfordifferentgeographicalandadministrativescales.

Landuseplanningcanhelptomitigatedisastersandreducerisksbydiscouraging highdensity settlements and construction of key

GlossaryofTerms


installations in hazardprone areas, control of population densityand expansion, and in the siting of service routes for transport,power,water,sewageandothercriticalfacilities.

Mitigation Structural and nonstructural measures undertaken to limit theadverseimpactofnaturalhazards,environmentaldegradationandtechnologicalhazards.

NaturalHazards Natural processes or phenomena occurring in the biosphere thatmayconstituteadamagingevent.

Natural hazards can be classified by origin namely: geological,hydrometeorological or biological. Hazardous events can vary inmagnitudeorintensity,frequency,duration,areaofextent,speedofonset,spatialdispersionandtemporalspacing.

PlanningAssumptions

Thekeyelementsofascenariothatformthebasisfordevelopingacontingencyplan(forexample,projectedcaseloads)(Source:IASCContingencyPlanningGuidelines2001)

Preparedness Activities and measures taken in advance to ensure effectiveresponsetotheimpactofhazards,includingtheissuanceoftimelyand effective early warnings and the temporary evacuation ofpeopleandpropertyfromthreatenedlocations.

Prevention Activities to provide outright avoidance of the adverse impact ofhazards and means to minimize related environmental,technologicalandbiologicaldisasters.

Depending on social and technical feasibility and cost/benefitconsiderations,investinginpreventivemeasuresisjustifiedinareasfrequentlyaffectedbydisasters. In the contextofpublicawarenessandeducation,relatedtodisasterriskreductionchangingattitudesandbehaviourcontributetopromotinga"cultureofprevention".

Recovery Decisions and actions taken after a disaster with a view torestoring or improving the predisaster living conditions of thestricken community,while encouraging and facilitatingnecessaryadjustmentstoreducedisasterrisk.

Recovery(rehabilitationandreconstruction)affordsanopportunitytodevelopandapplydisasterriskreductionmeasures.

Relief/Response Theprovisionofassistanceorinterventionduringorimmediatelyafteradisastertomeetthelifepreservationandbasicsubsistenceneeds of those people affected. It can be of an immediate, shortterm,orprotractedduration.

Resilience/Resilient The capacity of a system, community or society potentiallyexposed tohazards toadapt,by resistingor changing inorder tore

earthquake contingency plan for armed forces division (afd)

Documents