RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION

CONTENTS

IntroductionWhat is earthquake……?Techniques to resist Earthquake.Different methods to resist to buildings.Types of frames used for construction.

Introduction

Earthquakes constitute one of the worst natural hazards which often turn into disaster causing widespread destruction and loss to human life.

The effects of earthquake vary upon the magnitude and intensity. Earthquakes occur every now and then all round the world, except in some places where earthquakes occur rarely. The devastation of cities and towns is one of the effects of earthquake.

What is Earthquake?

An Earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the earth’s crust that creates seismic waves.

The seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency,type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time

disaster picture from Kashmir earthquake 2005

Damage to high rise building in Bhuj

7

Techniques to resist Earthquake• Active & Passive system• Shear walls• Bracing• Dampers• Rollers• Isolation• Light weight material• Bands• Others

8

Active SystemActive control systems are devices integrated with real-time processing evaluators for improved service and safety.

Passive SystemPassive control systems are conventional devices to resist or absorb the energy produced during Earthquake.For example: Viscous Dampers

9

Inertial Forces

10

11

BracingLink

Beams

Diagonal Cross Chevron Eccentric

12

Bracing

13

Cross Bracing

14

15

Rollers

16

Isolation

17

Bands

18

Waste Tire pads

Source: www.homeimprovementpages.com

19

Waste Tire Pads

Source: www.homeimprovementpages.com

20

Light weight material

In recent times, many new systems and devices using non-conventional civil engineering materials have been developed, either to reduce the earthquake forces acting on a structure or to absorb part of seismic energy.

21

Avoid Hammering & Pounding

22

Suggestions• Avoid weak column and strong beam design• Provide thick slab which will help as a rigid diaphragm• Provide cross walls which will stiffen the structures• Provide shear walls in a symmetrical fashion•Increase in the transverse (Shear) reinforcement.• Horizontal lintel band should be provided• Revision/ updation of building code of Pakistan• The building must be regular and symmetrical in shape• Reinforcing bars should be provided at the corners and the junctions of the walls

• Earthquakes affect RCC

structures too…

• Slabs forces the beam to bend with it when horizontal forces act.

23

Earthquake resistant designs

• Design - but it is analysis of forces - buildings due to loads acting on it.

• If a building is enough to resist the earthquake, then such building is called Earthquake resistant structure.

• Such design is called Earthquake resistant designs

24

Popular Earthquake resistant Techniques

• Earthquake may not be able to damage entire building but it damages members of it.

• So special techniques are adopted: Base Isolation Devices and Seismic Dampers.

25

26

Frames Resisting EQ’

27

28

29

Any QUERIES

THANK ‘Q’….DONE BY

Y.VIJAY SIMHA REDDYSURAJ