earth’s structure. the layers of earth earth is divided into 3 layers based on chemical...
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Continental and Oceanic Crust There are two types of crust: 1.Continental: is thicker 2.Oceanic: is thinner and heavier. Compared to the other layers, both types of crust are rocky, thin and fractured.TRANSCRIPT
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Earth’s Structure
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The layers of Earth• Earth is divided into 3
layers based on chemical composition.
1) Core: Dense metallic center, made up of mainly metal iron.
2) Mantle: Liquid middle layer made up of silicon, oxygen and magnesium.
3) Crust: The solid outer layer made up of silicon, oxygen and aluminum.
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Continental and Oceanic Crust• There are two types of
crust:1. Continental: is thicker 2. Oceanic: is thinner and
heavier.• Compared to the other
layers, both types of crust are rocky, thin and fractured.
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The Physical Structure of Earth
• Earth is divided into five layers based on physical properties.
1. Lithosphere2. Asthenosphere3. Mesosphere4. Outer core5. Inner core
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Lithosphere
1. Lithosphere: cool rigid layer, made up of the crust and upper layer of the mantle.
Lithosphere is divided into pieces called tectonic plates.
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Asthenosphere
2. Asthenosphere • Below the lithosphere.• Made up of slow
flowing solid rock.• The moving rock
allows for tectonic plates to move.
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Physical Structure cont.
• 3. Mesosphere: Slow flowing layer beneath the Asthenosphere
• 4. Outer core: Layer of liquid Iron and Nickel.
• 5. Inner core: Solid iron and nickel, temperature is estimated to be between 4000ºC to 5000ºC
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Mapping Earth’s Interior• How can we know so
much about Earth’s interior if no one has ever drilled through the crust?
• Earthquakes produce seismic waves, and travel thru materials at different speeds.
• Scientists use these waves to determine the density of each of Earth's layers
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Continental Drift
• In the 1900’s,Scientist Alfred Wagner, viewed the continents as puzzle pieces.
• Had a hypothesis that our continents used to be one large continent.
• He named his hypothesis the Continental Drift Theory.
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Evidence for Continental Drift
• Fossils of same plant can be found on continents that are far from each other.
• Location of mountain ranges with similar rocks show a pattern.
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The Breakup of Pangaea
• A single continent Pangaea (many thousands of years ago).
• Split into two continents – Laurasia and Gondwana (thousands of years ago).
• Split into today's continents.
• Continents sometimes collided, forming mountain ranges and volcanoes.
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Sea-Floor Spreading.
• When Wagner introduced his hypothesis, many scientists did not accept it because the strength needed to move Earth’s crust seemed impossible.
• In the 1960’s Scientist studying the ocean floor discovered identical patterns of magnetism on both sides of the mid ocean ridge.
• This was proof that continental drift was possible.
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Sea-Floor Spreading cont.
• At a mid-ocean ridge, magma rises through fractures in the sea floor.
• As the magma cools it forms new sea floor.
• As this continues to happen, new floor is made and older floor is pushed away from the fracture.
• Sea-floor spreading was proven to cause continents to move.
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