East African Drought Case Study

Laura Hagerott Year 11

“Worst drought in 60 years: 12 million Africans face

'fight for survival’”(NBC NEW – WORLD BLOG)

WHAT IS A DROUGHT?• Prolonged period of abnormal precipitation•Results in a shortage of resources• Play a key role in triggering other issues e.g. – Mass Migration (Refugees)- Famine -Humanitarian Crisis •Meteorological Drought

LEDC CASE STUDY - EAST AFRICA

•Easterly region of Africa• Also called ‘Horn of Arica’ • Surrounded by South Atlantic ocean •inclusive are Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia and other bordering countries•Somalia – Mogadishu is a category 5•Ethiopia - Addis Ababa of is a category 2•Kenya - Nairobi is a category 2

•

When; Timeline of Events • February 2011 – Suspicions of drought increasing

- World vision says the drought is at a level of Category 3 • May 2011 – Lack of rain season say resource cost rise by 60 % •Mid July – Realisation of ongoing drought• July 20th 2011 – Famine as consequence of drought •July 22nd 2011 – Ban reinforced; rejecting foreign aid•July 24th 2011 – Ban lifted; Food supplies and health aid distributed •29th July 2011 – UN press released that $2.4 bil USD needed •10th August – 3.7 mil are at risk of famine• Warning continue throughout August•September 2011 – Heavy rainfall which halted foreign relief

What caused the drought?• Cause by ‘La Niña’•El Niño- Southern Oscillation •Interrupted 2 consecutive rain seasons•30 % decrease from preceding year (2010)•Began June 2010 To May 2011•Pacific Ocean

La Niña Oscillation

•Ocean climate patter•Occurs across tropical Pacific•Causes sea temperature to drop across equatorial Eastern Central Pacific Ocean •3 – 5 degree reduction •Causes dryness or drought

ECONOMIC EFFECTS• economic growth fall of

0.3 %• Spending boost of 15 %

in Kenya and 4 % in Uganda

• Power outages increase from 6% to 7.2 % in 2011

• growth of barley flat lined 15 % decrease

• Centrifugal sugars – 4.73 %• Corn production – 17.65%• Cotton growth – 100.8 %• Wheat production fall of

2.27 % flat lining at 0%

Social EffectsVIDEO ; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOQqMGk1qsU

• Thousands dead•80 % in east Africa suffering from malnutrition• mass migration Somalia –to Kenya•Displaced families• Over 400 000 refugees• overcrowded refugee camps•Famine

Environmental Effects• Degradation land• Desertification• Soil degradation

• Habitat• Animal• Fauna

• Diseases in plant species

• Increase in predatory attacks

• Sever fired• Vulnerability • Soil erosion

Political Issues

• Allowance of troops•Easing conflict•Stabilizing economy •Long term strategies for the future•National government committees focusing on drought impacted regions in East Africa

Mitigation

• Supplemental irrigation•Rehabilitation•Livestock management

•Conservation of agriculture•Sustainable land management•Water harvesting

Foreign Aid Funding Status Horn of Africa Crisis (as of 24 September

2011)

Requirements(million US$)

Committed(million US$)

 % met

Kenya 741 480 65%

Djibouti 33 19 56%

Somalia 983 732 74%

Ethiopia (non-refugees)

398 291 73%

Ethiopia (refugees)

246 112 45%

Miscellaneous funding

76

Total 2402 1710 71%

Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)

• ADDIS. J. 2011. Horn of Africa. Website. http://www.wvi.org/wvi/wviweb.nsf/updates/D58938E07B6CADBE8825790A0049E9F6?opendocument .

6th November • ALIKAWNI. 2011. Somalia drought crisis 2011. Website.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOQqMGk1qsU . 6th November • COTTHEM, W. 2008. Drought Effects. Website.

http://desertification.wordpress.com/2008/10/15/drought-effects-on-the-environment-and-some-solutions-gologle-greenpack/

. 6th November • IMARA. 2011. East Africa to see slowdown in economic growth . Website

http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/east-africa-to-see-slowdown-in-economic-growth/10452/ . 6th November

• TELEGRAPH. 2011. Horn of Africa: Drought Timeline. Website. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/somalia/8721544/Horn-of-Africa-drought-timeline.html

. 6th November • WIKI. 2011. East Africa Drought. Website.

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_East_Africa_drought . 6th November• WOLF, C. 2011. La Nina's Distant Effects in East Africa: Droughts and Floods Are Remote-Controlled Climate

Effects. Website. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110804141754.htm . 6th November 2011.

Reference List