East Area Consolidation

Konstantinos Papastergiou CERN Technology Department | Electrical Power Converters

04 June 2015

Previously discussed The East Area Energy Consumption is high at 15GWh/yr

Third highest consumer after PS (55GWh) and PS Booster (25GWh) Continuously energised BUT used < 4% of time for physics operations DC powering of magnets unnecessary cooling requirements

Cycling the magnet current can save electricity Energy requirement from 11GWh to reduce to 0.6GWh per year *

Example of a self-funded project Consolidation cost originally estimated 2.7MCHF (part of todays layout) Saving estimated at 600kCHF per year* (around 500kCHF with new layout)

New technology is being developed for transfer lines SIRIUS – re-generative power converter

2

* Source: J.Cottet, Energy Balance of the East Area and possible Improvements, 2012

Previously discussed 7 consecutive extractions at max energy duty cycle approximately 7% Tolerance in extraction start-end is 20ms Time between extractions 1.93s Current ramp during flat-top

Not included in preliminary calculations: degaus cycles – to be confirmed if required Certain customisations for large circuits

User A beamend

Teco

2.4s

IA

Ieco

4.8s

Current

time

IB

User A beamstart

User Bbeamend

User B beamstart

Te-e

*Described in EDMS 1506818

Proposed improvements Step1: Changing from continuous to cycling current

on average 73% lower power consumption in the magnets savings in magnet cooling costs

Step 2: Regenerative power converters most of the energy (inductive) returned to capacitor banks locally electrical interconnection ratings reduced 40-70% better power quality for cern machine network

Step 3: Single converter family in entire East Area Economies of scale in procurement Minimal spare converter requirements More streamlined and shorter repair time

EPC proposalPrimary line

PositionConverterselection

Magnetselection

Epk(kJ)

Ipk(A)

Irms(A)

BP.QFO1 SIRIUS 2P 60kJ Q74 0.4 650 314BP.DHZ1 SIRIUS 2P 60kJ MNPA25 3.4 600 295BP.QDE2 SIRIUS 2P 60kJ Q120 6.6 400 203BP.DVT1 SIRIUS S 30kJ MEA19 0.9 250 122BP.DVT2 SIRIUS S 30kJ MEA19 0.9 250 122BP.QFO3 SIRIUS 2P 60kJ QFL 9.6 400 208BP.BHZ1 SIRIUS 2PS MCB 115.0 600 370BP.QDE4 SIRIUS S 30kJ Q600 2.9 350 174

South Branch

PositionConverterselection

Magnetselection

Epk(kJ)

Ipk(A)

Irms(A)

BS.SMH1 SIRIUS 2P 180kJ MCB 79.9 500 347BS.BHZ1 SIRIUS S 90kJ MCB 28.8 300 185BS.QFO1 SIRIUS 2P 60kJ QFL 9.6 400 208BS.QDE2 SIRIUS 2P 60kJ QFL 9.6 400 208BS.DHZ1 SIRIUS S 30kJ M105 0.0 180 87BS.DVT1 SIRIUS 2P 60kJ MNPA30 7.9 600 302BS.BHZ2 SIRIUS 2PS MCB 204.5 800 525

dirac line

PositionConverterselection

Magnetselection

Epk(kJ)

Ipk(A)

Irms(A)

BD.BHZ1 SIRIUS 2P 180kJ MCB 51.1 400 263BD.BHZ2 SIRIUS 2P 180kJ MCB 51.1 400 263BD.DVT1 SIRIUS S 30kJ MNPA30 0.9 200 98BD.DHZ1 SIRIUS 2P 60kJ MEA19 3.2 480 237BD.QDE1 SIRIUS 2P 180kJ Q200 57.5 500 321BD.QFO2 SIRIUS 2P 180kJ Q200 57.5 500 321

North Branch

PositionConverterselection

Magnetselection

Epk(kJ)

Ipk(A)

Irms(A)

BN.QDE1 SIRIUS S 30kJ Q120 2.6 250 125BN.QFO2 SIRIUS S 30kJ Q120 3.7 300 151BN.DVT1 SIRIUS S 30kJ MNPA25 1.5 400 196BN.BHZ2 SIRIUS 2PS MCB 204.5 800 525BN.DHZ1 SIRIUS 2PS MCB 247.4 880 591

pre l im ina ryfi gu res

budget: 0.91MCHF

budget: 0.65MCHF

budget: 0.84MCHF

budget: 0.72MCHF

EPC proposal pre l im ina ryfi gu res

T9 line

PositionConverterselection

Magnetselection

Epk(kJ)

Ipk(A)

Irms(A)

T9.DHZ1 SIRIUS S 30kJ MDX 6.4 240 126T9.QFO1 SIRIUS S 30kJ QDS 2.8 350 173T9.QDE2 SIRIUS S 30kJ Q120 5.0 350 177T9.QFO3 SIRIUS S 30kJ QDS 2.8 350 173T9.BHZ1 SIRIUS 2PS M200SP 175.5 600 406T9.QFO4 SIRIUS S 30kJ QFS 5.0 350 177T9.QFO5 SIRIUS S 30kJ QFS 5.0 350 177T9.BHZ2 SIRIUS 2PS M200SP 175.5 600 406T9.QDE6 SIRIUS 4P 240kJ Q100 58.8 700 424T9.BVT1 SIRIUS 2P 180kJ M100SP 67.1 450 307T9.QFO7 SIRIUS 2P 180kJ Q200 82.8 600 402T9.QDE8 SIRIUS 4P 240kJ Q100 58.8 700 424T9.DHZ2 SIRIUS S 30kJ MDX 6.4 240 126T9.DHZ3 SIRIUS S 30kJ MDX 6.4 240 126

T10 line

PositionConverterselection

Magnetselection

Epk(kJ)

Ipk(A)

Irms(A)

T10.DHZ1 SIRIUS S 30kJ MDX 6.4 240 126T10.QFO1 SIRIUS S 30kJ QDS 3.6 400 199T10.QDE2 SIRIUS 2P 60kJ Q120 8.3 450 230T10.QFO3 SIRIUS S 30kJ QDS 3.6 400 199T10.BHZ1 SIRIUS 2PS M200SP 274.2 750 539T10.QFO4 SIRIUS 2P 60kJ QFS 10.3 500 257T10.QFO5 SIRIUS 2P 60kJ QFS 10.3 500 257T10.BHZ2 SIRIUS 2PS M200SP 274.2 750 539T10.QDE6 SIRIUS 2P 180kJ Q100 43.2 600 353T10.BVT1 SIRIUS 2PS M100SP 119.3 600 373T10.QFO7 SIRIUS 2P 180kJ Q200 82.8 600 402T10.QDE8 SIRIUS 2P 120kJ Q100 19.2 400 222T10.DHZ1 SIRIUS S 30kJ MDX 6.4 240 126T10.DVT2 SIRIUS S 30kJ MDX 6.4 240 126

budget: 1.83MCHF budget: 1.78MCHF

EPC Proposal - T11T11 line

PositionConverterselection

Magnetselection

Epk(kJ)

Ipk(A)

Irms(A)

T11.QDE1 SIRIUS S 60kJ MDX 12.6 338 182T11.QFO2 SIRIUS S 30kJ QDS 2.8 353 175T11.BHZ1 SIRIUS 2P 60kJ Q120 14.0 585 304T11.QFO3 SIRIUS S 30kJ QDS 1.6 268 132T11.BHZ2 SIRIUS 2PS M200SP 94.8 441 278T11.QFO4 SIRIUS 2P 60kJ QFS 7.6 430 219T11.QDE5 SIRIUS 2P 60kJ QFS 10.5 506 261T11.BVT1 SIRIUS 2PS M200SP 70.4 380 233

budget: 1.04MCHF

pre l im ina ryfi gu res

Summary pre l im ina ryfi gu res

line # Converters # bricks Cost

Primary line 8 15 0.91MCHFSouth Branch 7 14 0.84MCHF

dirac line 6 11 0.65MCHFNorth Branch 5 11 0.72MCHF

T9 line 14 28 1.83MCHFT10 line 14 29 1.78MCHFT11 line 8 17 1.04MCHF

Contingencies 0.8 62 125 8.57MCHF

• Degauss cycle required• Converter customisation for certain magnets• Spare converter(s) to be added

Concluding remarks A increased EPC budget due to

Requested operational flexibility 1.93s extraction to extraction, 7 consecutive extractions at full energy

62 power converters (includes line T11 + 8 converters) consolidation of old thyristor circuits <- resource intensive « Greener » operation requires higher up-front costs (energy storage)

However in the long term:

no consolidation at all would cost us complete rennovation would cost

Saving of 0.5MCHF/year in magnet joule loss costs alone

15-years approximate cost*

9.1MCHF (energy cost)

9.5MCHF (energy+p.converters)

* 15yr electricity costs + proposed initial investment excluding magnets and infrastructure renovation assuming 4300h of operation per year

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.20

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

8xMCB, [Y VALUE], [BUBBLE SIZE]

2xM100SP, [Y VALUE], [BUBBLE SIZE]

1xM105, [Y VALUE], [BUBBLE SIZE]

6xM200SP, [Y VALUE], [BUBBLE SIZE]

0xMC200, [Y VALUE], [BUBBLE SIZE]

3xMEA19, [Y VALUE], [BUBBLE SIZE]

2xMNPA25, [Y VALUE], [BUBBLE SIZE]

2xMNPA30, [Y VALUE], [BUBBLE SIZE]

4xQ100, [Y VALUE], [BUBBLE SIZE]

6xQ120, [Y VALUE], [BUBBLE SIZE]

4xQ200, [Y VALUE], [BUBBLE SIZE]

1xQ600, [Y VALUE], [BUBBLE SIZE]

3xQFL, [Y VALUE], [BUBBLE SIZE]

6xQFS, [Y VALUE], [BUBBLE SIZE]6xQDS, [Y VALUE], [BUBBLE

SIZE]1xQ74, [Y VALUE], [BUBBLE SIZE]

7xMDX, [Y VALUE], [BUBBLE SIZE]

Magnet Map of East Area

Next Steps Initiate discussion with magnet group about optimising the

magnet-p.converter as a system: 6xM200SP (750Apk) (0.975H, 0.195Ohm, 274kJ, 140kW)

8xMCB (880Apk) (0.649H, 0.160Ohm, 880A, 247kJ, 110kW) Additional costs

Discuss with magnet experts the degaussing need Adjust budget accordingly

Include spare converters Request budget for Electrical and Cooling infrastructure

Examine if there is further space for optimisation at system level

Time plan Project plan - Group Activity Planning: Q4 2015 Departmental Request: Jan 2016 Finance committee: March 2016 Reception of equipment (pre-series/series): 2016-2018

Power Stacks: Q3 2016 Magnetic components: Q4 2016 Integration contracts: Q2 2017 (pre-series) Mass production: 2017-2018

Buildings Infrastructure upgrade: Mar 2019 Commissioning: Sep 2019

DRAFTFo r d i s cuss i on

Annex

14

Direct versus Cycling operation

Magnet type Total (1.2sec) Recoverable Thermal loss (1.2sec)Quadrupole (26Gev) 11kJ 6kJ 5kJSmall Dipole (26Gev) 31.5kJ 25kJ 6.5kJLarge Dipole (26Gev) 101kJ 82kJ 19kJ

B-fieldGrid

Gtime

P

M M

Line Supply Unit Magnet Supply Unit

* Assuming cost of electricity between 0.05 and 0.065CHF/kWh. 1kJ of energy over a 1.2sec cycle corresponds to 1kJ/1.2sec=0.83kW of average power. Assuming this 1.2sec (PS) cycle repeats for 24hours over 270 working days the total energy required from the power network (for each 1kJ) is 5378kWh/annum. If this energy is not recovered in capacitor banks after every magnet cycle it is returned to the power network and is not remunerated by the provider.

Annual cost of electricity for 1kJ:(Non-recoverable thermal loss/consumed every 1.2seconds)

270-350 CHF*

time(s)

I

1.2

IrmsIpk

time(s)

I

1.2

Irms

Ipk

trise tfalltime(s)

I

1.2

Irms

Ipk

trise tfall

Magnet Type

Magnetic (recoverable) energy

Magnet thermal losses 110 kW 23 kW 58 kW 12 kW

Annual operation energy (4300h) 472 MWh 98.9 MWh 248 MWh 51.6 MWh

Annual operation cost (4300h) 28.3 kCHF 5.9 kCHF 14.9 kCHF 3.1 kCHF

Type Thyristor Switch mode Thyristor Switch mode

Output voltage 450 V 450 V 450 V 450 V

Output peak current 750 A 750 A 600 A 600 A

Output rms current 750 A 483 A 600 A 392 A

Output peak power 338 kW 338 kW 270 kW 270 kW

Socket (grid) rms power 338 kW 92 kW 270 kW 46 kW

Built-in energy storage 0 kJ 959 kJ 0 kJ 403 kJ

Converter thermal losses 34 kW 9 kW 27 kW 5 kW

Input (grid) rms current 487 A 125 A 390 A 63 A

Total Converters + El.Infrastructure Cost: 201.1 kCHF 228.9 kCHF 172.9 kCHF 171.9 kCHF

Annual cooling cost of magnet and converter: 5.6 kCHF 1.2 kCHF 3.3 kCHF 0.6 kCHF

15 years capital+operation (exl. Magnets) costs 708.9 kCHF 336.6 kCHF 395.8 kCHF 218.3 kCHF

Cyclingmagnet current

Cyclingmagnet current

Power converter

Continuousmagnet current

Continuousmagnet current

Magnet

M200SP MCB

274 kJ 115 kJ