east sicily paolo favali - esonet noe

ESONET NoE - All Region Workshop 5-7 Sept., Barcelona - Regional Sites Session

East Sicily East Sicily

Paolo Favali Paolo Favali

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy


Western IonianWestern IonianScientific RelevanceScientific Relevance

• Geo-hazards• Oceanography• Marine Biology


1918-19901860-19171815-1859

1714-1814XVI - 17131454-XVI

Geo-hazardEarthquakes and Tsunamis


Geo-hazard1169

1693

1908

1990

1818

M= 7.0

M= 5.0M= 3.0

Magnitude

INGV SeismologicalInstrumental Catalogue

1975 - 2001

Strong earthquakes 1000 – 1992


GeoGeo--hazardhazardEarthquake max intensity map


TsunamisTsunamis in in SicilySicily22 22 eventsevents (33% of the total (33% of the total italianitalian tsunamistsunamis))

8 8 AeolianAeolian IslandsIslands

2 2 SicilySicily ChannelChannel4 4 NorthernNorthern SicilySicily

19081908

2 Messina Strait2 Messina Strait6 6 EasternEastern SicilySicily

1169 1169 -- 16931693


Sharp topographic gradient: The Malta Escarpment

Geo-hazardslandslides

ETNA volcano


OceanographyOceanography

• Western Ionian involved in water mass exchange with Tyrrhenian basin

• Relevant site for the exchange of water masses between Eastern and Western Mediterranean


Marine BiologyMarine Biology• Key area for studying the seasonal movements of

whales and sperm whales within the Mediterranean basin.

• (along with the Sicily channel and the Strait of Gibraltar) It can be considered a "whale gate" where to count animals moving among the western and eastern Mediterranean Sea.

• The area is characterized by deep waters with a steep continental shelf, potential habitat for Cuvier's beaked whales, deep divers very sensitive to anthropogenic noise.


Coordinates: 37° 26,533’ N, 15° 23,587’ E Depth: 2105 m

SNSN--1: a GEOSTAR1: a GEOSTAR--class observatoryclass observatoryPilot experiment: Pilot experiment: OctoberOctober ’02 ’02 -- MayMay ‘03 ‘03

(>130 days; >12 Gbyte data)(>130 days; >12 Gbyte data)


SNSN--1 Background seismic 1 Background seismic noisenoise

DuringDuring and after Etna and after Etna eruptioneruption

BeforeBefore Etna Etna eruptioneruption

Monna et al.,GRL, 2005

low current velocity high current velocity

-140

-120

-100

-80

0.001 0.01 0.1 1

PS

D (d

B)

Frequency (Hz)

NoiseNoise in high and in high and lowlowsea sea currentcurrent velocityvelocity

(N(N--S S componentcomponent))

Infra-gravitywaves

noisenotch

Micro-seismic

band Short periodband

PressureWaves(wind)

ZZ SN1 (black) VAE (grey)


IonianIonian SeaSea

TyrrhenianTyrrhenian SeaSea

DeepDeep IonianIonianBasinBasin

Etna Etna

CalabriaCalabria

Malta Malta EscarpementEscarpement

SNSN--11

Sgroi et al., Geophys. J. Int. 2007Sgroi et al., Geophys. J. Int. 2007

ContributionContribution toto the seismicity the seismicity knowledgeknowledgeearthquakesearthquakes recordedrecorded onlyonly by SNby SN--11


NEMO-SN1 Observatory layout

Agreement between INFN (owner of the underwater cable) and INGV - 2001


25 25 JanuaryJanuary 2005 2005 DeploymentDeployment ofof OOƲƲDE and SN1DE and SN12060 m 2060 m w.d.w.d.

HydrophonesElectronics

CableCable--shipship Pertinacia, Pertinacia, Elettra Elettra TlcTlc..


OOννDE DE Ocean Ocean noisenoise Detection ExperimentDetection Experiment

OnDE was deployed on Jan 23, 2005 Cable Layer Vessel Pertinacia


1 sample every 12 min.

CTD

2HzThree-axes single-point current meter

1 sample every 10 min.

Scalar magnetometer1 HzGravity meter

96 KHzHydrophones (bio-acoustics)

100 HzHydrophone (geophysics)

100HzThree-component broad-band seismometer

Sampling rateSensor

NEMONEMO--SN1 sensorsSN1 sensors


Map of epicentres of regional and local earthquakes localised by the land seismological network and SN1 data jointly.

SN1 geophysical and oceanographic station

Seismological data 2005-2006

blue circles ≤ M 2, 2 < green circles ≤ M 3, 3 < yellow circles ≤ M 4, 4< red circles


Greece, 28.08.2007

M = 4.3

Java 08.08.2007

M = 7.4


The OnDE station (2005The OnDE station (2005--2006)2006)((INFNINFN--UnivUniv. Pavia). Pavia)

Daily acoustic contacts with sperm whales in the period September-December 2005. NEMO Project shows a unexpected high passage of sperm whales.

% of slots with sperm whale sounds per day

Study of the underwater acoustic environment to develop the strategies required for the detection of acoustic pulses generated by high energy neutrinos interacting with nuclei in seawater.


ArticArticNorwegian Margin Norwegian Margin

PorcupinePorcupine

AzorreAzorreBlack SeaBlack Sea

HellenicHellenic

Ligurian SeaLigurian Sea

HyberianHyberian MarginMargin Eastern SicilyEastern Sicily

Nordic SeaNordic Sea

10 Key-sites

European Seafloor Observatory European Seafloor Observatory NETwork NETwork

GOALS: Geohazards Global change Biodiversity

ESONETESONETEC Concerted Action (2002EC Concerted Action (2002--2004)2004)

EC Network of Excellence (2007EC Network of Excellence (2007--2011)2011)


NEMO-SN1 Observatory layout

DecDec. 2006. 2006


PEGASO ProjectPEGASO ProjectINGV and INFN partners

Funded by “REGIONE SICILIANA” (2006 -2008)

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES: : A) To develop seafloor modules for

environmental and geo-hazard monitoring

B) To build an hybrid underwater system for the deployment, recovery and connection of complex mechanical deep-sea structures

PEGASO

PROSPECTIVESPROSPECTIVES


PEGASO ProjectPEGASO Project

GMMGMM

ORIONORION--44

Develop a set of small-size seafloor ‘portable’ modules for specific environmental and geo-hazard monitoring equipped with various communication systems


PEGASO ProjectPEGASO Project

DeepDeep--sea Shuttlesea Shuttlemainmain characteristicscharacteristics

Cable length: 4000 mMax. operating depth: 3500 mMax. payload: 30 kN

DeepDeep--sea Shuttle sea Shuttle operationsoperations

Deployment and recovery of underwater modules (e.g., SN-1 type, junction boxes, NEMO towers)

PEGASO

Tender on-going


ROVROVmainmain characteristicscharacteristics

Umbilical Cable length (> 150 m)

Max. operating depth: 4000 m

ROV operationsROV operations

Inspection, carrying payloadand connection/disconnection of underwater connectors

PEGASO ProjectPEGASO Project PEGASO

Tender assigned


• INFN has undertaken the preparatory phase for the realisation of an infrastructure at the Capo Passero site dedicated to the installation of the km-cube-telescope: 100 km cable down to 3500 m w.d., (deployed July 2007) a shore station

• Thanks to the PEGASO system development, the NEMO-SN1 site will increase its capabilities to be an “open laboratory”, cabled node of ESONET-EMSO

east sicily paolo favali - esonet noe

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