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EATING DISORDERSIdentify short & long term effects of anorexia & bulimia

Investigate professional treatment options and resources available for people seeking help with an eating disorder.

AnorexiaNervosa

BulimiaNervosa

Binge-Eating Disorder

Get The Facts

+Answer in your journals:1. Which of these statements is true?

a. Women can get both anorexia and bulimia, but men can’t get anorexia.b. Both women and men can develop an eating disorder, but they’re more

common in women. c. Both women and men can develop anorexia and bulimia, but men don’t have

body-image problems. 2. People with anorexia:d. have an intense fear of being fate. feel better when they’ve reached their goal weightf. eat huge amounts of food but don’t gain weight

3. People with bulimia:g. don’t participate in sportsh. quickly begin to look very differenti. may use laxatives or diuretics to lose weight

4. Both anorexia and bulimia can lead to: A. feelings of guilt and depression B. drug use C. all of these things

+What is your opinion?

1. If a person thinks that he or she has an eating disorder, should that person tell an adult at school?

2. How about if a person thinks that a friend may have an eating disorder?

3. What adult in your school might someone talk to about an eating disorder?

+Check your answers

1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C

+What are Eating Disorders?

An illness that causes serious disturbances to your everyday diet Eating extremely small amounts of food or severely

overeating As well as feelings of distress or extreme concern about

body shape or weight.

Common eating disorders include: Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Binge-Eating Disorder

+Get the Facts—Eating Disorders

Researchers are investigating: how and why voluntary behaviors, such as eating smaller or

larger amounts of food than usual, at some point move beyond control in some people and develop into an eating disorder.

Eating disorders are not due to a failure of will or behavior They are REAL, treatable medical illnesses in which

unhealthy patterns of eating take on a life of their own.

+Get the Facts—Eating Disorders

Frequently co-occur with other psychiatric disorders such as depression, substance abuse, and anxiety disorders

Females are much more likely than males to develop an eating disorder. An estimated 5-15% of people with anorexia or bulimia are

male

+Anorexia Nervosa

People with this disorder see themselves as overweight even though they are dangerously thin.

The process of eating becomes an obsession. Unusual eating habits develop, such as avoiding food

and meals, picking out a few foods and eating these in small quantities, or carefully weighing and portioning food.

The most common causes of death are complications of the disorder, such as cardiac arrest or electrolyte imbalance, and suicide.

+Symptoms—Anorexia

Resistance to maintaining body weight at or above the normal weight for age and height

Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight

Disturbance in the way in which one's body weight or shape is experienced Intense self-evaluation Denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight

Amenorrhea Infrequent or absent menstrual periods

+Short Term Effects

Malnutrition Weight loss Dry skin Hair loss Organ malfunction Dehydration Easily blacking out

Dizziness Weakness Mental disturbances Depression Low heart rate Low blood pressure Low body temperature

+Long Term Effects

Malnutrition Weight loss Organ damage Organ failure / malfunction Irregular heart beats Depression Suicide Death

+Treatment—Anorexia

Treatment of anorexia calls for a specific program that involves three main phases:

1. Restoring the weight lost to severe dieting and purging

2. Treating psychological disturbances such as distortion of body image, low self-esteem, and interpersonal conflicts

3. Achieving long-term remission and rehabilitation, or full recovery.

Early diagnosis and treatment increases the treatment success rate.

+Bulimia Nervosa

An illness in which a person binges on food or has regular episodes of overeating and feels a loss of control.

The affected person then uses various methods to prevent weight gain Purging: vomiting or laxative abuse

Many (but not all) people with bulimia also have anorexia.

+Bulimia Nervosa

Because purging (vomiting) usually follows the binge-eating episodes, people with bulimia usually weigh within the normal range for their age and height.

However, like people with anorexia, they may fear gaining weight, desire to lose weight, and feel intensely dissatisfied with their bodies.

People with bulimia often perform the behaviors in secrecy, feeling disgusted and ashamed when they binge, yet relieved once they purge.

+Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors Many more women than men have bulimia. The disorder is most common in adolescent girls and

young women. The affected person is usually aware that her eating

pattern is abnormal and may feel fear or guilt with the binge-purge episodes.

The exact cause of bulimia is unknown. Genetic, psychological, trauma, family, society, or

cultural factors may play a role. Likely due to more than one factor

+Symptoms—Bulimia

Eating binges may occur as often as several times a day for many months.

People with bulimia often eat large amounts of high-calorie foods, usually in secret.

People can feel a lack of control over their eating during these episodes.

Binges lead to self-disgust, which causes purging to prevent weight gain.

Purging may include: Forcing oneself to vomit Excessive exercise Use of laxatives, enemas, or diuretics (water pills)

+Symptoms—Bulimia

Purging often brings a sense of relief. People with bulimia are often at a normal weight, but

they may see themselves as being overweight. other people may not notice this eating disorder

Symptoms can include: Compulsive exercise Throwing away packages of laxatives, diet pills, emetics

(drugs that cause vomiting), or diuretics Regularly going to the bathroom right after meals Suddenly eating large amounts of food or buying large

amounts of food that disappear right away

+Signs & Tests

A dental exam may show cavities or gum infections The enamel of the teeth may be worn away because of

too much exposure to the acid in vomit A physical exam may also show

Broken blood vessels in the eyes (from the strain of vomiting)

Dry mouth– dehydration Rashes and pimples Small cuts and calluses across the tops of the finger joints

from forcing oneself to vomit

+Short Term Effects

Digestive system problems Painful swallowing Teeth erosion from stomach

acid Constipation Low body temperature Faint easily Mood swings and intolerance

to mental pressure

Easily tired, trouble concentrating

Depression and anxiety Dry skin, Brittle Hair, Weak Nails Weakened immune system Insomnia Menstrual problems Decreased bone density Voice changes due to damaged

vocal cords

+Long Term Effects

Damaged, weak heart Kidney damage Brain damage

Distorted thoughts, depression, anxiety

Loss in the feeling of being hungry or full

Distorted taste

Weak bones Irregular menstrual cycle Dry skin, inflammation of

the skin, abnormal irritation and ongoing pimples

Damaged digestive system pains in the abdominal

area, bloating, acid reflux, stomach ulcers and esophageal problems

+Treatment—Bulimia

People with bulimia rarely have to go to the hospital, unless: Binge-purge cycles have led to anorexia Drugs are needed to help them stop purging Major depression is present Most often, a stepped approach is used for patients with

bulimia.

Most often, a stepped approach is used for patients with bulimia.

+Treatment—Bulimia

The treatment approach depends on how severe the bulimia is, and the person's response to treatments: Support groups may be helpful for patients with mild

conditions who do not have any health problems. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and nutritional therapy Antidepressants

A combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy and antidepressants is very effective

+What is binge eating?

Binge eating disorder is characterized by compulsive overeating in which people consume huge amounts of food while feeling out of control and powerless to stop.

The symptoms of binge eating disorder usually begin in late adolescence or early adulthood, often after a major diet.

A binge eating episode typically lasts around two hours, but some people binge on and off all day long.

Binge eaters often eat even when they’re not hungry and continue eating long after they’re full.

+Key Features of Binge Eating Disorder Frequent episodes of uncontrollable binge eating. Feeling extremely distressed or upset during or after

bingeing. Unlike bulimia, there are no regular attempts to “make

up” for the binges through vomiting, fasting, or over-exercising. No purging

+How do they feel?

People with binge eating disorder struggle with feelings of guilt, disgust, and depression.

They worry about what the compulsive eating will do to their bodies and beat themselves up for their lack of self-control.

They desperately want to stop binge eating, but feel like they can’t.

They are embarrassed and ashamed of their eating habits, so they often try to hide their symptoms and eat in secret.

+The Binge Eating Cycle

Binge eating may be comforting for a brief moment, but then reality sets back in, along with regret and self-loathing.

Binge eating often leads to weight gain and obesity, which only reinforces compulsive eating.

The worse a binge eater feels about themselves and their appearance, the more they use food to cope.

It becomes a vicious cycle: eating to feel better, feeling even worse, and then turning back to food for relief.

+Behavioral symptoms

Inability to stop eating or control what you’re eating Rapidly eating large amounts of food Eating even when you’re full Hiding or stockpiling food to eat later in secret Eating normally around others, but gorging when

you’re alone Eating continuously throughout the day, with no

planned mealtimes

+Emotional Symptoms

Feeling stress or tension that is only relieved by eating Embarrassment over how much you’re eating Feeling numb while bingeing—like you’re not really

there or you’re on auto-pilot Never feeling satisfied, no matter how much you eat Feeling guilty, disgusted, or depressed after overeating Desperation to control weight and eating habits

+10 Strategies for Overcoming Binge Eating1. Manage Stress

2. Eat 3 meals a day plus healthy snacks

3. Avoid temptation

4. Stop dieting

5. Exercise

6. Fight boredom

7. Get enough sleep

8. Listen to your body

9. Keep a food diary

10. Get support

+Getting Support

Group Therapy Sessions led by a trained psychotherapist may cover everything from healthy eating to coping with

the urge to binge

Support groups led by trained volunteers or health professionals group members give and receive advice and support each

other