ebola in uganda
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
1/24
BY
KIRUNDA DANIEL
J12B27/316
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
2/24
DEFINITION Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) is a human disease which
is caused by Ebola viruses.
The viruses include ; Bundibugyo Ebola virus , Zaire Ebola
virus , Sudan Ebola virus , Reston Ebola virus and Tai
Forest virus (Cote d'Ivoire Ebola virus).
It is clinically nearly indistinguishable from Marburg virus
disease (MVD).
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
3/24
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Africa is plagued by numerous outbreaks of existing, re-
emerging and emerging pathogens including bacteria and
viruses.
The first reported occurrence of the disease was the twin
epidemics in Southern Sudan and northern Zaire in 1976.
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
4/24
Epidemiology contd In Sudan, 156 (55%) of 284 persons died from the
epidemic while in the corresponding Zaire outbreak 280
(88%) of 318 cases died.
Two subtypes of Ebola virus were responsible for these
two simultaneous outbreaks.
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
5/24
Epidemiology contd
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ebola_virus_virion.jpg -
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
6/24
Epidemiology contd First out break reported of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in
Uganda was in 2000.
During October 5-November 27,2000, 62 persons were
laboratory-confirmed with EHF and admitted to Gulu
hospital
Among the 62 confirmed case-patients, 36 (58%) died;
among patients aged
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
7/24
Epidemiology contd On October 15, suspicion of Ebola hemorrhagic fever
(EHF) was confirmed when the National Institute of
Virology (NIV), Johannesburg, South Africa, identified
Ebola virus infection among specimens from patients,
including health-care workers at St. Mary's Hospital.
Sequence analysis revealed that the virus associated with
this outbreak was Ebola-Sudan
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
8/24
Epidemiology contd As of January 23, 2001, 425 presumptive case-patients
with 224 (53%) deaths attributed to EHF were recorded
from three districts in Uganda: 393 (93%) from Gulu, 27
(6%) from Masindi, and five (1%) from Mbarara.
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
9/24
Distribution of Ebola in Africa
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
10/24
Distribution of Ebola virus in 2000
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
11/24
Epidemiology contd
The first known Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) outbreak
caused by Bundibugyo Ebola virus occurred in Bundibugyo
in 2007.
Fifty six cases of EHF were laboratory confirmed.
The signs and symptoms were largely nonspecific
Similar to those of EHF outbreaks caused by Zaire and
Sudan Ebola viruses.
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
12/24
Epidemiology contd Of the 43 cases confirmed from acute-phase samples, 17
deaths occurred.
No gender bias was observed between survivors and
those who died.
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
13/24
TRANSIMISSION OF EBOLA
Epidemics result from person-to-person contact within
communities, families, and hospitals, or from laboratory
exposures with infectious body fluids from infected
persons.
The means of infection and the natural ecology of these
viruses are largely unknown, although an association with
monkeys and/or bats has been suggested.
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
14/24
Pictures of a Gollira and a Bat
http://www.mpg.de/715254/zoom.jpeg -
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
15/24
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Incubation period takes 2-21 days.
There is a sudden onset of illness with non-specific
symptoms including fever(>39C).
severe frontal headache.
malaise
Myalgia with deterioration over the next 2-3 days.
pharyngitis
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
16/24
Clinical presentation contd
Severe sore throat
Anorexia
Nausea
Vomiting progressing to hematemesis and melena.
Other hemorrhagic manifestations include; gingival
bleeding and uncontrolled bleeding from body orifices.
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
17/24
Clinical presentation contd The appearance of maculo-papular rash around day 5 of
illness.
Terminal tachycardia and shock
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain Body aches or joint pains ,difficulty swallowing and
Hiccups,
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
18/24
Bleeding in Ebola patient
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
19/24
Risk factors Traces of Ebola virus were detected in the carcasses of
Gorillas and Chimpanzees during outbreaks in 2001 and
2003, which later became the source of human infections.
Bats are considered the most likely candidate due to
absence of clinical signs which is characteristic of a
reservoir species.
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
20/24
PREVENTION
Avoid sharing of needles and syringes.
Isolate patients and observe strict barrier nursing
procedures with the use of a medical-rated disposableface mask, gloves, goggles, and a gown at all times,
strictly enforced for all medical personnel and visitors.
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
21/24
Prevention contd Health educate the community to avoid any contact with
the blood or secretions of any patient, including contact
with the deceased.
persons who have died of Ebola must be handled using
strong protective wear and buried immediately.
Report any suspected cases of Ebola to the nearest health
facility.
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
22/24
Prevention contd Disinfect the beddings and clothing of an infected person.
Avoid direct contact with body fluids of persons suffering
from Ebola.
Avoid communal washing of hands during funerals.
Avoid eating dead animals especially monkeys.
Wash hands with soap and water after handling a patient
or body of a person who has died of Ebola.
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
23/24
-
7/30/2019 EBOLA in Uganda
24/24
PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE Spontaneous abortions.
The disease has a rapid progression.
It is highly infectious. It can be prevented
It is very expensive to manage out break