ec tech heritage buildings 11_mn01

By

ANIRUDH B

11MN01

Energy conservation

Technologies in heritage

buildings

Ancient techniques adopted by

our ancestors

Natural Lighting

Natural ventilation

Evaporative cooling

Space cooling

Solar chimney

Solar pond

Wind towers

Ancient Air-conditioners

Energy conservation Technologies

Natural Lighting: Solar energy was extensively used by our ancestors

for natural lighting

A typical Chettinad house Panthaleon ,rome


Natural ventilation: A Passive ventilation system generates an

updraft to pull air through the building


Natural ventilation: Relies on the natural driving force, that is,

energy from the sun


Evaporative cooling: This passive cooling technique was found by

Indians and latter followed by Romanians, Egyptians and many others.

Hawa Mahal of Jaipur


Interior Space cooling: This space cooling technology was widely

implemented in Ancient Indian temples.


Interior Space cooling: Massive dome structures absorb solar load

heat during the day and let out in the night

Taj mahal,India

Gol Gumbaz,Jaipur

The central dome -200ft tall,

60ft diameter

14ft thickness The central dome -18000 ft sq. area,

144ft diameter

10ft thickness


Interior Space cooling: ISHA is one of the modern day architectural

marvel which is built using the ancient building techniques

ISHA Dhyanalingam, coimbatore


Interior Space cooling: Massive dome structures absorb solar load

heat during the day and let out in the night

Panthaleon, Rome- Aerial view

Distance from floor to top

is equal to the diameter

of the dome 142ft.

The dome gets thinner as it

approaches the oculus

(7.8m diameter)

The thickness of the dome

Nearing the oculus is 1.2m


Heat gain through exterior walls

Heat conduction through Exterior walls is given by,

𝑞𝑒,𝑡 = 𝑏𝑛𝑇𝑠𝑜𝑙,𝑡−𝑛∆ − 𝑑𝑛𝑞𝑒,𝑡−𝑛∆𝐴

𝑛=1

− 𝑇𝑖 𝑐𝑛𝑛=0𝑛=0

𝐴

Where,

T=time, h

Δ=time interval, h

𝑇𝑠𝑜𝑙,𝑡−𝑛∆=sol-air temperature at time t-nΔ, deg C

𝑞𝑒,𝑡−𝑛∆=conduction heat gain at time t-nΔ, W

𝑏𝑛, 𝑐𝑛, 𝑑𝑛= conduction transfer function coefficients (from ASHRAE handbook)

A= Interior surface area of wall,m^2


Heat gain through ceilings, floors and partition walls

Heat conduction through ceilings is given by,

𝑞𝑐 = 𝑈𝐴(𝑇𝑐 − 𝑇𝑖)

Where,

U=Overall heat transfer coefficient of ceilings, floors or

partition walls, W/m^2.K

A=Surface area of ceiling, floor or partition wall,m^2

𝑇𝑐=Temperature of the ceiling, floor or partition walls,

deg C

𝑇𝑖= Temperature of the indoor space, deg C


Internal Heat gain: People

Internal heat gain due to occupants is given by,

Sensible heat load,

𝑄𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 𝑁𝑝 𝑆𝐻𝐺

Latent heat load,

𝑄𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑁𝑝 𝐿𝐻𝐺

Where,

𝑁𝑝= No. of persons

𝑆𝐻𝐺= Sensible heat gain of each person, W

𝐿𝐻𝐺= Latent heat gain of each person, W


Wind Towers: Persians introduced this method of capturing cool

air and transferring it to the building

Wind towers, Dubai


Wind Towers: water was added via pools of collected rainwater

that further cooled the air flowing over them as they evaporated

Wind tower in a shopping complex, Saudi Arabia


Invented by Ding Huan of Han dynasty and improved by tang

dynasty emperor Xuanzong with water powered rotary fan wheels

Ancient Air-Conditioner

Conclusion

Our ancestors had a better understanding of the natural

forces and its impact on human life.

They lived a life along with nature with peace and

harmony.

Therefore, we should adopt our ancestral energy

conservation technologies in modern day buildings to

ensure a better place for human dwellings.

References

1) Surendra H. Shah,“A combination of modern technology and heritage techniques”, Journal of air conditioning and refrigeration, apr-jun 2004.

2) Chinese Heritage Buildings, XTRALIS

3) Indian temples- a structural engineering marvel, A Brief engineering report on Indian temples, Apr 2011

4) J.K.Nayak, “Passive solar architecture Basics”, Energy systems Engineering, IIT Mumbai

5) Handbook of air-conditioning and Refrigeration

6) Cooling load calculations and principles, A.Bhatia, Continuing Education and development, Inc.

ec tech heritage buildings 11_mn01

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