ec2351-measurements and instrumentation (1)

7/23/2019 EC2351-Measurements and Instrumentation (1)

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EPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

EC2351 – MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

UNIT- I BASIC MEASUREMENT CONCEPTS

P A R T -A

1. Mention the significance of measurements.

2. List the various dynamic characteristics of a measurement system.

3. Compare Moving coil with Moving iron instruments.

4. Define the term accuracy & precision.

. !hat is the e"act difference #etween accuracy & precision$

%. Define term error$

. !hat are the different cali#ration methodologies

'. !hat is cali#ration$

(. !hich are the standard inputs used to o#tain the dynamic #ehavior of an instrument.

1). !hat are the classifications of errors in measurement$

11. !hat are the two #asic factors in specifying the dynamic performance of aninstrumentation system$

12. Mention the different types of standards in measurement.

13. Differentiate *ero drift & span drift.

14. !hat are the sources of errors in D.C. voltage measurement$

1. Compare attraction & repulsion type instruments.

1%. !rite the two conditions to #e satisfied to ma+e an ,.C. #ridge #alance.

1. List any four advantages of #ridge circuit.

1'. !rite four applications of ,.C. #ridges.

1(. .List the possi#le causes of errors in moving iron instruments.

2). !hat is the null deflection principle$



P AR T -B

1. -iDiscuss different types of errors in measurement.-1)

-ii, ).1m, ammeter has 1)) divisions which can easily #e used to the nearest division.!hat isthe resolution of the meter$-%

2. -iDraw the schematic diagram of a #ridge which is used for measuring the high / coils andderive the #alance condition -1)

-ii 0he ac #ridge is in #alance with the following constantsarm ,54)ohm6armC53))ohmin series with o5).2%m76arm CDun+nown6arm D,52))ohm in serieswith L51.(m8.0he oscillator fre9uency is 1 :8*.7ind the constants of arm CD.-%

3. ;"plain in detail a#out the various statistical measurement analysis techni9ues.-1%

4. -i8ow to convert the <MMC meter into a voltmeter and ammeter$

-' -ii;"plain the types of error with an e"ample.-'

. ;"plain how inductance is measured in terms of +nown capacitance using Ma"well ridge.

%. ;"plain the method of measuring the insulating property of a capacitor #y relevant #ridge circuit.-=chering #ridge

. !ith a neat diagram & phasor e"plain ,nderson ridge. Derive suita#le e"pression. !hat areits advantages & disadvantages$

'. -i !hat are the different types of errors in measurement$ ;"plain. -'

-ii 8ow do you measure the un+nown inductance using 8ay ridge$ -'

(. -i !hat is the need for standards of measurements$ 8ow they are classified$ ;"plain

-ii 8ow the un+nown fre9uency is measured using !ein #ridge method$

1). -i;numerate the main static characteristics of measuring instruments and e"plain.

-ii, circuit was turned for resonance #y eight different students and the values of resonantfre9uency in :8* was recorded 324'4331)31323%.Calculate the arithmeticmean average deviation and variance.

UNIT- II BASIC ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS

1. !hat is an electronic voltmeter$

2. !hat are the main parts of C0$

3. Define deflection sensitivity of C>.

4. !hat is fluorescence$

P A R T -A

. !hat is the principle of dual #eam oscilloscope$

%. !hat is a sampling oscilloscope$

. !hat is the wor+ing principle of sampling oscilloscope$

'. !hat is difference #etween digital & analog oscilloscopes$

(. ?ive the characteristics of pro#es used in C>.



1). !hat is vector voltmeter$

11. Define / factor of coil.

12. !hat is the function delay line$

13. !hat is hold off time$

14. =tate the applications of C>.

1. !hat is true M= meter$

1%. Define virtual instrumentation.

1. Draw the internal structure of C0 and list its functions.

1'. !hat are the two significant pro#lems with diodes when used for 7 rectification$

1(. Define computation.

2). !hat are the different types of software$

P AR T -B

1. ;"plain the wor+ing of electronic multimeter with necessary diagrams.2. !ith a neat diagram e"plain the various parts of C>.

3. !ith a #eat #loc+ diagram e"plain the wor+ing of vector voltmeter.

4. ;"plain the wor+ing of a / meter with neat circuit diagram. List the applications of / meter.

. !ith a #eat #loc+ diagram e"plain the function of a general purpose oscilloscope.

%. !rite #rief notes on -i storage oscilloscope -ii power measurement -iii 0rue M= meter.

. riefly e"plain the operations of delay time #ase oscilloscopes with neat diagram.

'. -i=+etch the #asic #loc+ diagram of a sampling oscilloscope. =+etch the waveforms through out

the system and e"plain its operation.-1)-ii Discuss a#out the #loc+s used and functions of digital storage oscilloscope.-%

(. -iDiscuss the measurement of DC and ,C voltages and currents using an ;lectronic

Multimeter. -iiDraw the #loc+ diagram of 0rue M= reading voltmeter ande"plain its

operation.

1). -i;"plain the vector impedance meter with a neat #loc+ diagram.-'

-ii8ow to measure the 7 voltage and power using 7 millivoltmeter$ -'

UNIT III SIGNAL GENERATORS AND

ANALYZERS P A R T A

1. !hat is ar+hausen Criteria for sustained oscillation$

2. Draw the #loc+ diagram of spectrum analy*er.

3. 8ow do you measure the resistance values in digital LC meters$



4. !hat is meant #y networ+ analy*er$



. !rite short notes on wave analy*er.

%. ?ive the importance of LC and measurements.

. !hat is wave analy*er$

'. !hat is the use of attenuator in sine wave generator

(. @n a sweep fre9uency generator two oscillators one with fre9uency range of 3?8* to ?8* is

hetrodyned with a second oscillator having a fi"ed fre9uency output of 3?8* how the output

of fre9uency varies$

1). !hat is intermodulation distortion$11. Compute the value of =elf Capacitance of a coil !hen the following measurements are made

at fre9uency f 1 5 2M8* the tuning Capacitor is set as 4) p7. !hen the fre9uency is increased

to

M8* the tuning capacitor is turned at %)p7.

12. !hy we need to Ase Digital LC Meters$

13. riefly ;"plain ,#out 7re9uency =ynthesi*er.

14. , signal has a fundamental component with a rms value of voltsecondthird and fourth

harmonics have rms values of 1). and ).3 volts.7ind the harmonic distortion.

1. List the application of the wave analy*er.

1%. 8ow are signal generators classified$1. 8ow is voltage converted to fre9uency in B7 Conversion.

1'. ?ive the function of attenuator in signal generator.

1(. !hat are the draw#ac+s of tuned circuit analy*ers$

2). !hat do you mean #y heterodyne principle $

P A R T B

1. -i ;"plain how function generator generates sine wave triangular wave and s9uare wave.

-' -ii Draw the #loc+ diagram of sweepfre9uency generator and e"plain.-'

2. -i !hat is wave analy*er$ 8ow it analy*es the harmonics$ ;"plain.-' -ii ;"plain the vector networ+ analy*er and list its application. -'

3. ;"plain the operations of 7 signal &sweep generators.-1%

4. ;"plain with neat diagram the wor+ing of the following

-i =pectrum ,naly*er -'

-ii 7re9uency =ynthesi*er -'

. ;"plain in detail a#out fre9uency synthesi*er and harmonic distortion analy*er. -1%

%. Draw the #loc+ diagram of pulse wave generator and e"plain.-1%

. i Draw the #loc+ diagram of the fre9uency divider type of signal generator with

fre9uency modulation & e"plain.-'

ii !hat are the #asic element of function generator$;"plain how to generate s9uare wave

triangular wave and sine wave using function generator.-'

'. i ;"plain the wor+ing of fre9uency selective wave analy*er with neat #loc+ diagram$-'

ii8ow the fundamental fre9uency is suppressed using fundamental

suppression distortion analy*er$

(. -i , circuit having an effective capacitance of 1%)p7 is tuned to a fre9uency of 1.2 M8* in this



circuit the current falls ).E of its resonant value when the fre9uency of an emf of constant



magnu5itute inFected in series with the circuit deviates from the resonant fre9uency #y

%:8* calculate the / factor and effective tresistance #y %:8*. -'

-ii ring out the difference #etween a pulse and a s9uare wave resonator.Draw the #loc+ diagram

of a typical general purpose pulse generator and e"plain its wor+ing. -'

1). -i!ith the help of a #loc+ schematic e"plain the wor+ing of a digital LC meter.ring out its

salient features and mention its advantages. -'

-iiDiscuss in detail a#out the fundamental suppression type distortion analy*er for determining

the harmonics present in a signal.-'

UNIT IV DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS

P A R T B

1. !hat are the advantages of digital instruments over analog instruments$

2. !hat are the different types of Digital Boltmeter$

3. Define automatic ranging.

4. !rite a short note on digital voltmeter.

. List any two advantages of DBM$

%. !hat are the components re9uired for a computer operated test system$. !hy =chmitt trigger is used in digital fre9uency meter$

'. Draw the #loc+ diagram of integrating type DBM.

(. !hat is a virtual instrumentation$

1). !hat are the disadvantages of digital instruments$

11. ;"plain how prescaler can #e used to e"tend the range of fre9uency counter.

12. !hat are the pro#lems that are associated with the measurement of pulsed signals$

13. 8ow much loss will #e e"perienced if a fi#er of Gumerical aperture of ).3 is

the source for a fi#er with a numerical aperture of ).242$.

14. !hat is the principles of ramp type DBM$

1. !hat is the important of gate time in fre9uency counter$

1%. !hat are the essential parts of the ramp type DBM$

1. !rite #riefly on serial interfacing.

1'. List different instruments used as signal analy*ers.

1(. !hat are the essential parts of a ramptype Digital voltmeter$$

2). !hy is period mode preferred for measurement of very low fre9uency in

a fre9uency counter$

P AR T B

1. -i 8ow computer controlled measurement system is used for testing radio receiver$ -'-ii !hat is virtual instrument$ List the advantages of virtual instrument over

conventional instrument -'

2. -i !ith necessary diagrams e"plain amp type digital voltmeter. -'

-ii Draw the #loc+ diagram of digital fre9uency meter and e"plain.

-'



3. -iDiscuss in detail a#out the various #loc+s used in a digital fre9uency counter e"plaining a#out

the functions performed #y each #loc+-%

-ii!hat are the characteristic features of DBMs$ ring out the advantages of DBMs.Discuss

a#out the wor+ing of amp type DBM.-1)

4. -iDiscuss in detail a#out automation in digital instruments #ringing out the salient features and its

advantages.-'

-iiring out the significance of computer test systems e"plaining with an application.-'

. Discuss in detail a#out the computer controlled fully automatic digital instruments withtest systems.-1%

%. -i ;numerate the measurement system of fre9uency and time intervals in a particular range

of signal.-'

-iiDiscuss in detail a#out the digital multimeter.-'

. ;"plain the following

-i 7re9uency counters-'

-ii <eriod measurement-'

'. ;"plain how dual slope ,D converter is used for DBM -1%

(. -i Draw the #loc+ diagram of a multiple"ed display used in a fre9uency counter and e"plain.

-1% -ii;"plain how to e"tend the fre9uency range of the counter.-'1). -i 8ow to ma+e automatic polarity indication and automatic ranging in a digital instrument$

-' -ii;"plain the need for virtual instrument with an e"ample.-'

UNIT V DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS AND FIBER OPTIC

MEASUREMENT P A R T A

1. Draw the #loc+ diagram of Digital Data ,c9uisition =ystem.

2. !hat are the +ey features of fully automatic digital instruments$

3. List out the draw#ac+s of reflectometer.

4. Define the term transducer.

. !hat are data loggers$

%. !hat is the velocity of light in a glass with an inde" of refraction of 1.3'$

. List the elements of Data ,c9uisition =ystem.

'. !hat @s Meant y 0ransducers $

(. ring out the significance of @;;; 4'' #us standard.

1). !hat is meant #y reflectometer$

11. 8ow do you measure the power loss in a fi#er optic measurement system$

12. List any four important features of instrumentation amplifier$

13. !hat are the re9uirement of an automatic test system$14. !hat are the three #asic re9uirements for a computer operated teat system$

1. !hat is meant #y @;;; 4'' standard and ?<@$

1%. Mention the single line message for interface function in @;;;4'' #us system.

1. !rite any two instruments used in computer controlled instrumentation



1'. !hat is the draw#ac+ of using partially mechanical relays in computer operated test system and

how are they overcome$

1(. List the #enefits of computer #ased system.

2). !hat is the dynamic range of a spectrum analy*er with the third order intercept point of H2d#m

and noise level of 'd#m

P AR T B

1. -i !hat are the factors to #e considered while interfacing transducers to electronic control

and measuring systems$ -'

-ii Draw the #loc+ schematic representation of the @;;; 4'' instrumentation #us and e"plain. -'

2. -i ;"plain the optical time domain reflectometer with a neat diagram.

-' -ii !rite a detailed note on data loggers. -'

3. -i!hat is a data ac9uisition system$ !hat is its use$ Draw the #loc+ diagram of a generali*ed

data ac9uisition system and discuss a#out the function of each element.-1)

-ii!rite short notes on@nterfacing of transducers and multiple"ing.-%

4. !rite short notes on

-i @;;; 4'' #us-%

-ii 7i#er optic measurments --iii >ptical time domain reflectometer-

. !ith the neat diagram e"plain the wor+ing of @;;; 4'' #us operations and characteristics-1%

%. Draw and e"plain the #loc+ diagram of analog and digital data ac9uisition system-1%

. Discuss a#out the fi#er optic transmission -1%

'. -i Draw the schematic of an isolation amplifier and e"plain the need for isolation amplifier

an interfacing transducers.-'

-ii!ith neat diagrams e"plain the digital to analog multiple"ing-'

(. -i;"plain the @;;; 4'' electrical interface system-'

-ii8ow to measure the power using optical instrument$ Draw the autoranging power meter

and e"plain-'1). ;"plain with #loc+ diagram the automatic test system to analyses an audio amplifier

and radioreceiver.-1%

ec2351-measurements and instrumentation (1)

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