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Functional Description C264R/EN FT/C11MiCOM C264-R

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

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Functional Description C264R/EN FT/C11

MiCOM C264-R Page 1/46

CONTENT

1. SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT 5

1.1

Software features 5

1.1.1 Multi-rack application with a non redundant Main Rack 6

1.1.2 Multi-rack application with a redundant Main Rack (Master and Backup) 7

2. DIRECT PROCESS INTERFACE 8

2.1 Input Check 8

2.2 Output check 8

2.3 Time tagging 8

3.

MICOM C264/C264C MANAGEMENT 9

3.1 Operating mode management 9

3.1.1 Definitions 9

3.1.2 Initialisation mode 9

3.1.3 Operational mode 10

3.1.4 Maintenance mode 11

3.1.5 Test mode 11

3.1.6 Faulty mode 12

3.1.7

Halt mode 12

3.1.8 Redundancy Mode management 12

3.2 Database management 13

3.3 Self tests 14

3.4

Time management 14

3.4.1 External clock 14

3.4.2 Clock message from a SCADA gateway 14

3.4.3 Time set by an operator 14

4.

COMMUNICATIONS 15

4.1 Telecontrol bus 15

4.2 Legacy bus 16

5. DIRECT PROCESS ACCESS 17

5.1 Digital input acquisition (DI) 17

5.1.1 Acquisition 17

5.1.2 Debouncing and filtering 17

5.1.3 Toggling 18

5.2 Counters acquisition (CT) 18

5.2.1 Single counter (SCT) 18

5.2.2 Double counter (DCT) 19

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C264R/EN FT/C11 Functional Description

Page 2/46 MiCOM C264-R

5.3 Digital measurement (DM) 19

5.3.1 Acquisition without Read Inhibit signal 20

5.3.2 Acquisition with Read Inhibit signal 21

5.3.3 Encoding 21

5.4

Analogue input acquisition (AI) 22

5.4.1 Input range 22

5.4.2 Acquisition cycle 22

5.5 Digital outputs (DO) 22

5.6 Digital Setpoints 22

5.6.1 Encoding 22

5.6.2 Read Inhibit 23

5.7 Analog Setpoints 23

5.7.1 Output range 23

5.7.2 Output management 23

5.7.3 AOU Watchdog management 24

6. DATA PROCESSING 25

6.1 Binary Input Processing 25

6.1.1 Binary Input Definition 25

6.1.2 Processing of Single Point Status 25

6.1.3 Processing of Double Point Status 26

6.1.4

Group processing 27

6.1.5 SBMC Mode Processing 27

6.2 Measurement Input Processing 27

6.2.1 Analogue processing 27

6.2.2 Digital Measurement Processing 28

6.3 Accumulator Input Processing 28

7.

CONTROL SEQUENCES 29

7.1 Kind of control sequences 29

7.2

Control sequences checks 29

7.2.1 Mode Management 29

7.2.2 IED connected 29

7.2.3 Control mode 30

7.2.4 Uniqueness of control 30

7.2.5 Inter-control delay 30

7.2.6 Status of the device 30

8. USER INTERFACE 31

8.1

Front Panel 31

8.1.1 Local Control Display 32

8.1.2 Local/Remote push-button 32

8.2 Computer Maintenance Tool 32

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8.3 Printer 33

8.3.1 Inputs 33

8.3.2 Outputs 33

8.3.3 Printer management 34

9.

RECORDS 36

9.1 Permanent records storage 36

9.1.1 Data storage 36

9.1.2 Waveform Recording 36

9.1.3 Events 37

10.

AUTOMATIONS 38

10.1 Load Shedding 38

10.1.1

Inputs 38

10.1.2 Algorithm 39

10.1.3 Outputs 40

10.1.4 Hypothesis & Constraints 41

10.1.5 Configurable data 42

10.2 Load Curtailment 42

10.2.1 Inputs 43

10.2.2 Algorithm 43

10.2.3 Outputs 44

10.2.4 Hypothesis & Constraints 45

10.2.5 Configurable data 45

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BLANK PAGE

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1. SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT

This document is a chapter of MiCOM C264/C264C documentation binders. It is thefunctional description of this computer. The hardware description is defined in HW(Hardware) chapter and all connection diagrams in chapter CO. The product capabilities,performances, environmental limits are grouped in TD (Technical Data) chapter.

1.1 Software features

The MiCOM C264/C264C computers belong to the new range of modular product athardware, software and functional levels. All functions are fully configurable followingcustomer needs and requirements. MiCOM C264/C264C computers assume:

Direct Process interface through DIs, DOs and AIs, A0s boards

Direct operator interface

Embedded parameterised control of all common plant or device

High communication abilities to IED, Ethernet, and RTU

Events, measurement display, printing and archiving

Enhanced inner management with databases handling, self-test controls andsynchronisation means

The components of the software management are:

Inputs/Outputs board (DI, DO, AI, AO)

Communications with Tbus and LBus (see chapter Communication)

RTC (Real Time Clock), time management; synchronisation, time tagging (see Timemanagement chapter)

Communication with peripherals such as:

Local Operator Interface (LCD, front panel)

Local Printer (local sequence of events - SOE)

Depending on whether the Main Rack is redundant or not, the software features aredifferent.

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1.1.1 Multi-rack application with a non redundant Main Rack

Main Rack

SCADA

C0238ENa

link

T101 or T104

Secondary Rack

AcquisitionI/O

C264C

C264

IED Link

Secondary Rack

AcquisitionI/O

C264

IED Link

I/O

IED Link

FIGURE 1 : SOFTWARE FEATURES IN MULTIRACK NON REDUNDANT APPLICATION

The role of the main rack is to centralise all information acquired by all racks, and to managethe SCADA interface.

The main rack (when it is not redundant) manages direct acquisitions, controls, and the IEDcommunication.

The functions done by the main rack are:

manage the communication with the SCADA

receive all information acquired on secondary rack and update the archives (SOEwaveform)

Transmission via the SCADA interface of all information acquired on secondary rack.

Manage the database downloading. Reception through the SCADA link anddistribution of the new configuration on all other racks.

Manage the control received through the active SCADA link, dispatch it on the racks.

Manage the digital input and measurement acquisition. (Not available in case of mainracks redundancy)

Manage the control, which is directly handled by the main rack. (Not available in caseof main racks redundancy)

Manage the IED communication, and real time data acquisition. (Not available in caseof main racks redundancy)

The functions done by the secondary racks are:

Send all acquired data to the main rack

Manage the control received from the master rack

Manage the digital and measurement acquisition.

Manage the IED communication, and real time data acquisition.

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1.1.2 Multi-rack application with a redundant Main Rack (Master and Backup)

C0239ENa

Main RackMaster

SCADA linkT101 or T104

Secondary RackAcquisition

I/O

C264C

C264

IED Link

Main RackBackupC264C


I/O

C264

IED Link


FIGURE 2 : SOFTWARE FEATURES IN MULTIRACK REDUNDANT APPLICATION

The role of the main racks (Master and backup) is to centralise all information acquired bythe secondary racks, and to manage the SCADA interface.In this case, no I/O boards are to be installed in the main racks and no IEDs are to beconnected to their serial ports.

Role of the master main rack:

manage the communication with the SCADA

receive all information acquired on secondary rack and update the archives (SOEwaveform)

Transmission via the SCADA interface of all information acquired on secondary rack.

Manage the database downloading. Reception through the SCADA link anddistribution of the new configuration on all other racks (including the main rackbackup)

Manage the control received through the active SCADA link

Role of the backup main rack:

Receive all information acquired on the secondary rack and update the archives (SOEwaveform)

Freeze all transmission on the SCADA link (Reset of the Link: Function 0)

Become the master main rack in case of SCADA General Interrogation (GI Request)received on its line.

Receive and update the configuration database received by the master main rackthrough the active SCADA link

To communicate to the SCADA the status of main racks (master and backup) thewatchdog relays could be wired to standard DI of one secondary rack.

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2. DIRECT PROCESS INTERFACE

Several kind of boards can be used in MiCOM C264/C264C. Digital Input & Outputs,Measurement acquisitions are checked to validate information/action and time tagged on anychange of state or value.

2.1 Input Check

Input data coming from the physical MiCOM C264 boards or from the differentcommunication networks are periodically checked.

Invalidity status of these data is internally fixed for:

Self-test (DI, AI, board self test failure),

Unknown (DI, AI, communication failure to remote acquisition like IED)

Toggling (DI, X change of state in given time)

Over-range (AI, saturation of its transducer, or Counter value reaching limits)

Open Circuit (AI kind 4-20 mA with current value under 4mA)

Undefined (Digital Measurement or Counter with invalid DI coding)

2.2 Output check

Digital Output boards are periodically checked at their logical level. In the event of a logicalcircuit test fail the board is set faulty, controls on this board or upon disconnected IEDs arerefused.

2.3 Time tagging

All physical input data are time tagged at 1 ms accuracy. All internal logic data are timestamped at 1 ms accuracy.

Analogues acquisition time tagging is done but driven by periodic polling of this kind ofboard. Periods are based on multiple of 100ms.

Information coming from IED are time tagged by IED itself if it has this facility otherwise it isperformed at C264 level when receiving the data.

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3. MiCOM C264/C264C MANAGEMENT

The computer manages its own mode, configuration (Databases), and time.

3.1 Operating mode management

3.1.1 Definitions

The terms defined below are used in this whole section 3.

Anomaly: an anomaly is a fault causing a downgraded behaviour of the computer.There are hardware and/or software anomalies:

Board failure

Loss of synchronisation

Loss of communication

Software fault : A software fault results of a major software error. In this case the

computers enters the Faultymode.

Vital harware fault: a vital hardware fault is a fault causing a software halt. This kindof fault causes the computer to stop the application software.

CPU fault

Power supply fault

Bus fault

Permanent Interruption fault

3.1.2 Initialisation mode

After power on or manual reset the computer enters the initialisation mode and performsdifferent types of checks:

Vital hardware tests

Flash memory test: in case of a problem the computer tries to repair the flash memory.If a vital hardware test fails, the initialisation is stopped and the computer enters thehaltmode.

Non vital hardware tests

Non-vital hardware tests are only performed on present boards:

Inputs and outputs boards:

To determinate the number and the type of the present input and outputboards

To check the presence of the previously input and output boards and to beinformed if a board is absent

To check the good working order of the present input and output boards andto be informed if a board is out of order

Communication boards: this test is performed within the communication protocol.

Display (LCD, LEDs): the single test that can be done is the presence of the HMIboard.

Peripheral devices (printer, external clock ..). Check of the presence of thedevices by use of timeouts.

If any of these non-vital hardware tests fails the computer enters theoperational/downgradedmode depending on the type of the fault.

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Software tests (database coherency tests)

These tests are performed at each restart of the computer. The checks of thedatabase guarantees that the database is compatible with the hardware and thesoftware of the computer and that it does not contain incoherent data of configuration.The following checks are performed:

Check of the presence of a database

Check of the DB/ software compatibility

This control makes it possible to check that the software and the database arecoherent. The software contains in its static data a version and a revisionnumber indicating which structure of database it is able to interpret. Thedatabase must have the same version to be accepted.

Check of the DB/ equipment compatibility

This control makes it possible to check that the database is intended for theequipment on which it was downloaded. To check it, the type and the number of

equipment contained in the heading of the database are compared with the typeand the number of equipment contained in the static data of the software.

Check of the validity of the data of the database

This control checks that the configured inputs and outputs are present and thatthe number of objects (bays, digital inputs ) remains within acceptable limits.

If any of these checks fails, the computer enters the maintenance mode.

3.1.3 Operational mode

This mode can be divided into two sub-modes : Normal mode or Downgraded mode

3.1.3.1 Normal mode

This is the nominal operating mode of the active computer. In this mode the watchdog relayis activated and all the functionalities of the computer are available. Nevertheless, detectionof an error can lead to the downgraded mode, to the faulty mode or to the halt mode,depending of the nature and the gravity of the failure.

From this mode a transition to the maintenancemode can be requested by an operator fromlocal HMI.

From this mode a transition to the testmode can be requested by an operator from localHMI.

This mode is transmitted to local HMI and upper level (RCP).

In this mode the operator can manage the database:

Download a database

Swap the databases (this lead to a Computer reboot)

Display database information

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3.1.3.2 Downgraded mode

This mode is entered in case of an anomaly. In this mode the general working of thecomputer is not very disturbed because it involves the degradation of only few functions. Thewatchdog relay is activated.

The downgraded mode depends on the hardware configuration of the computer. But we can

define the different kinds of downgraded modes that can happen:

operation without DO on a board

operation without DI on a board

operation without AI on a board

operation without AO on a board

operation without communication with some relays

operation without communication with some station devices

a combination of 2, or more, previous itemsWhen the cause(s) of the transition into downgraded mode disappear(s), the computerreturns to the normalmode.

3.1.4 Maintenance mode

In maintenancemode, communication on the station bus is operational in order to managethe database. This mode is displayed on local HMI (led and LCD) and on upper level.

The watchdog relay is de-activated.

In this mode the operator can manage the database:

Download a database

Swap the databases (this lead to a Computer reboot)

Display database information

From this mode a transition to the operationalmode can be requested by an operator fromlocal HMI.

3.1.5 Test mode

In Testmode, the computer works normally but output relays are not activated. This mode isentered on operator request in order to simulate the functioning of distributed automatismssuch as interlocking. Instead of activating the output relays, the computer indicates a AckOK message to the Local HMI if the command is valid otherwise a KO message.

Note: To realise the tests, the operator has to manually create the testing conditions byforcing BI or Measurements on different computers. Once the conditions are realised, he cangenerate a command and see at the local HMI if the result corresponds to the expected one.

This mode is displayed on local HMI (led and LCD) and can be sent to the upper level(RCP).

From this mode a transition to the operational or maintenancemode can be requested byan operator from local HMI.

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3.1.6 Faulty mode

The Faultymode is entered when a fault, that prevents the exploitation, happens. This modecan be entered from any mode described above.

This mode is also entered when a failure is detected on DO boards and if the configuration

allows this mode on DO faults.

The only way to leave this mode is an automatic reset or a transition to the Haltmode. Eachtime the computer enters this mode, an internal counter is incremented. As long as the valueof this counter is lower than Max_Fault (parameter defined during the configuration step) theInitialisation mode is entered. The value of this counter is automatically reset when thelasted time since the last incrementation of the counter reaches the valueFault_Detection_Lasting ( parameter defined during the configuration step). When the valueof this counter reaches Max_Fault the computer enters the Haltmode.

3.1.7 Halt mode

In this mode the computer doesnt operate anymore. The watchdog relay and all the outputsrelays are deactivated. The only way to get out of this mode is to operate a manual reset.

The following figure summarises the different operating modes of the computer and thetransitions.

FAULTY

automaticreset

manual reset

HALT

TEST

simulation request

end of simulation

major hardware faultor software fault

OPERATIONAL MAINTENANCE

INITIALISATION

Init OK

hardware test OKand coherency not OK

maintenance request

active request

boot

major hardware faultor software fault

no DB

vital hardwarefaultvital hardware fault

Majorhardwarefault

Counter of faults = Max_Fault

vital hardware fault

vitalhardwarefault

DB/software compatibility not OKorDB/equipment compatibility not OKordata of database not valid

C0288ENa

3.1.8 Redundancy Mode management

Main rack redundancy is managed using two identical computers with the same hardware.

The SCADA links supported by the both main racks are totally independent. On this two linkswe have no protocol synchronisation, and each of these could have different station address.The principle is different than a standard redundant lines functionality, where the messagessequence on the both lines are synchronised and where each line has the same stationaddress.

On the redundant configuration the master racks do not manage direct acquisitions orcontrols, or IED connection.

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They have a single address on one of the two SCADA links. This allows handling twodifferent networks.

The master rack is eligible on the following conditions:

The communication has been set-up on its link. The message used to confirm the set-up of the link is the GI request (ASDU 100).

The previous rules could be presented on the automation schema below:

C0250ENa

MR1BACKUP

MR2BACKUP

GI received on MR1

MR1MASTER

MR2BACKUP

MR1BACKUP

MR2MASTER

GI received on MR2

GI Received on MR2GI Received on MR1STARTING

STATERUNNINGSTATE 1

RUNNINGSTATE 2

MASTER/BACKUP MAIN RACKSELIGIBILITY

MR1 : Main Rack 1MR2 : Main Rack 2

3.2 Database management

The MiCOM C264 uses structured databases for data management. Databases aregenerated and versioned by PACiS SCT (Standalone Configuration Tool).

Computer stores 2 different databases, the current (used in real time) and a standby with

different database versions. A standby database can be downloaded even if computer isoperational using the SCADA interface (T101, T104) or PACiS CMT (Computer MaintenanceTool) which is connected to the Master Main Rack. A switch database control from theSCADA interface or CMT allows changing of the current database. The computer will restartto take into account the new structured data. A fundamental principle is that the computercan only work with an other PACIS equipment if their current database versions are identical.

Download of database from CMT is generally used only for first database download.

Be careful, the master main rack checks the compatibility between its database and otherracks:If the databases differ, the database is deleted on the involved rack.If master database is compatible with the standby database on the other rack, the database

will be switched.

From CMT, the database is dispatched to other racks (including the backup mainrack).during download. This database becomes the new Standby database. On Switchcommand, the switch is cascaded to other racks.

From SCADA, the database file received is saved in RAM, but is not dispatched to otherracks (including the backup main rack).

This database did not appear as a new Standby database in different panels.

From the SCADA the switch command is sent via the Reset process command standardmessage (ASDU 105). This command can only be used for a database switch after adatabase download.

On Switch command reception, the database is successively dowloaded in other racks(including the backup main rack) and switched.

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C0252ENa

Main Rack

Master



I/O

C264C

C264

IED Link

Main Rack

Backup


I/OC264

IED Link

SCADA link

T101 or T104

Binary configuration fileCompressed ADB

Internal DB

Internal DB

C264C

3.3 Self tests

Computer makes self-checks:

Hardware (hardware fault) at start-up and cyclically.

Software (software fault) cyclically to check that software tasks are alive and not takeall the CPU time.

Database coherency at start-up.

Acquisition and output at start-up and cyclically.

3.4 Time management

The computer Real Time Clock has small drift per day, therefore the operator should set itstime periodically or it should be synchronised to a master clock.

Time synchronisation of a main rack computer can be done by two means:

IRIG-B signal Clock message from a SCADA gateway (T-Bus)

When computer is synchronised all events and measurement have a time tag withsynchronised attribute. If synchronisation is lost, or has never been received attributesindicates that time tag is not synchronised.

The time management organisation is based on the following principe:

only the main racks can be synchronised from IRIG-B or from SCADA.

the secondary racks can be synchronised by the both main racks according to thefollowing priority level:

1: IRIG-B

2: Master Rack

3: Backup Rack

3.4.1 External clock

The external clock device receives the synchronisation signal through several possibleprotocols (GPS, DCF77, etc) and then sent to the MiCOM C264/C264C using IRIG-Bstandard. A specific input is dedicated for this application.

3.4.2 Clock message from a SCADA gateway

SCADA clock synchronisation depends on protocol. The synchronisation message is directlyacquires by the MiCOM C264/C264C through the SCADA link.

3.4.3 Time set by an operator

The user may set time and date directly using the MiCOM C264/C264C local OperatorInterface or the CMT tool.

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4. COMMUNICATIONS

MiCOM C264/ C264C ensure up to three different type of communications:

Telecontrol Bus (T-Bus),

Legacy Bus (L-Bus).

Main characteristics are given below. Furthermore details on the S BUS protocolimplementation for MiCOM C264 is given.

C0005ENb

Computer Kernel

TelecontrolInterface UCA2

T-BUS S-BUS

RTU, SCADA PACiS System, UCA2 IED

I/O boardsLegacy Gateway

L-Bus

IED

FIGURE 3 : COMMUNICATIONS4.1 Telecontrol bus

The available slave protocols are:

IEC 60870-5-101 (T101),

IEC 60870-5-104 (T104),

MiCOM C264/C264C behaves as a slave into master/slave protocol (T101) or balancedprotocol (T101, T104).

The connection with SCADA is direct or via modem.

Physical layer:

T101: RS232, RS422, RS485

T104: Ethernet 10 or 100 Mb/s: RJ45 connector or optical fibre (multimode ormonomode)

Up to two protocols can be configured, same protocol or not, with or without redundantchannels. The C264 computers have up to four serial ports.

Warning : When using the CPU boards serial ports, the baudrate must be the same on bothof the CPU serial ports (COM3 and COM4).

The redundancy is not available for T104.

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4.2 Legacy bus

MiCOM C264/C264C behaves as a master.

Protocols:

IEC 60870-5-103 (T103),

IEC 60870-5-101 (T101),

ModBus

Devices connected to: IEDs

Physical layer:

RS232, RS422, RS485

Optical fibre

Up to four serial ports are available to make four networks with different protocols or not.

For T103 and Modbus, a tunnelling mode is available. This allows a setting software runningon a personal computer to access the IEDs through the C264.

WARNING : - WHEN USING THE CPU BOARDS SERIAL PORTS, THE BAUDRATEMUST BE THE SAME ON BOTH OF THE CPU SERIAL PORTS (COM3 AND COM4).

- THERE IS NO LEGACY BUS ON THE MAIN RACK WHEN IT ISREDUNDANT.

- THE LEGACY BUSES ARE NOT REDUNDED.

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5. DIRECT PROCESS ACCESS

The MiCOM C264/C264C acquires digital and analogue input, counters, digitalmeasurements. Configuration parameters, filtering and triggering are applied to these inputsand depend on their type.

5.1 Digital input acquisition (DI)

5.1.1 Acquisition

Acquisition of binary information is done via DIU200 (16 DIs) or CCU200 (8 DIs+4 DOs)boards:

C0126ENa

Hardware

acquisition

Time

stamping

Software

acquisition

Debouncing &

Filtering for BI

Debouncing &

Filtering forDM

Debouncing &

Filtering for

counters

Toggle

Filtering for

BI

Special

treatmentfor DM

Special

treatment

for

counters

To BI

treatment

To measurementstreatment

To counters

treatment

5.1.2 Debouncing and filtering

A filtering is applied on digital inputs as follow:

C0127ENa

Filtering time

t0 t1 t2

Debouncingtime

t0is the instant of detection of the first transition. t

1is the instant of validation of the change of

state. t2is the end of the filtering. (the signal has remained stable from t

1to t

2). The change of

state is time stamped at t0 .

A value of 0 means that no filter is applied : a change of state is validated as soon as it isdetected.

Three couple of delays (deboucing / filtering) are defined :

one for all DI which will be used as BI

one for all DI which will be used as DM

one for all DI which will be used as counters

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5.1.3 Toggling

A digital input is said to be toggling if its state has changed more than N times in a givenperiod of time T

1.

A toggling DI returns in the normal state if its state has not changed within another period oftime T

2.

N, T1and T

2are parameters determined at configuration time on a per system basis (same

parameters for all MiCOM computers of a system).

The toggle filtering applies only on DI that will be used as BI (there is no toggle filtering on DIthat will be used for counters or DM).

5.2 Counters acquisition (CT)

The counters are acquired on the same boards as the DIs. There are two types of countersSCT (Single counter) and DCT (Double counters).

This interface allows acquisitions of pulses delivered from energy metering devicescorresponding to a calibrated quantity of energy.

Each valid pulse increments the value of an accumulator used to compute the quantity ofenergy delivered during a given period.

Counter values are stored in static memory (secured with a capacitor, > 48h autonomy) ; Thecounters are kept for more than 48H when the C264 power supply is off.

The pulse frequency should be 20 Hz as a maximum. So, the debouncing and filteringvalues must be chosen in consequence.

5.2.1 Single counter (SCT)

A SCT is acquired on a single contact.

The value of the accumulator is incremented after a low to high transition, confirmed after a

filtering time (Tcount). Tcount is defined for the whole system, with a step of 5 ms : the chosenvalue must be coherent with the pulse frequency (i.e. all counters of a system use the sameT

count).

A subsequent pulse can be taken into account only after a high to low transition.

C0128ENa

Tcount Tcount

Low to high transition

Transition discardedLow to high transition

Transition validated,

counter is incremented

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5.2.2 Double counter (DCT)

A double counter is acquired on two contacts. One is called the true contact (TC), the otheris the complemented contact (CC). Normally these contacts should have complementarystates.

Pulses are detected in the same manner as for SCT, on the TC variations, using the Tcount

delay (the same Tcountvalue is used for SCT and DCT).

A subsequent pulse can be taken into account only after a high to low transition on TC (andso a low to high transition on CC).

The difference is that both contacts should be in opposite states for transitions to bedetected and validated. The counter is invalid if it exists a non-complementarity between the2 contacts during a delay T

def. This delay is defined for the whole system (i.e. all DCT use the

same delay).

C0129ENa

Tcount Tcount



Transition discarded, andhigh to low transition

Transition validated,counter is incremented

Non-complementarityconfirmed, counter is invalid

Detection of non-complementarity

TC

CC

Tdef

Low to high transition, but novalidated high to low transitionbefore -> Tcountis not launched

5.3 Digital measurement (DM)

The digital measurements (DM) are derived from the Digital Inputs. They are acquired on thesame boards as the DIs.

This interface, allowing acquisitions of a digital measurement, is a digital value coded on Nwired inputs. Each wired input represents a bit of the value, and can take only one of twovalues: low or high.

Digital Measurements are used to process the measurements and tap positionindications.

A Digital Measurement can be associated to a Read Inhibit (RI) signal. The acquisitionprocess is different depending of the presence of this signal.

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5.3.1 Acquisition without Read Inhibit signal

The DM is calculated at each change of state of one of its bits.

A stability processing is applied at each calculation to confirm the value :

if the difference between the current value and the previous confirmed value is less or equal

than Vstab(value defined in configuration), then the current value is confirmed

if the difference is greater than Vstab

, then the Tstab

delay is launched (value defined inconfiguration, from 0 to 60s, with a 10 ms step). If a T

stabdelay is already launched, this one

is cancelled. At the end of the delay, the DM value is confirmed.

C0130ENa

ConfirmedDM value

Bit change => newcalculationVstab=> confirmedDM value

ConfirmedDM value

Bit change =>new calculation>Vstab=> Tstablaunched

Tstab

Bit change =>new calculation>Vstab=> Tstabre-launched

Tstab

ConfirmedDM value

Note := |confirmed DM value new calculation|

Furthermore, an invalidity processing is applied : at the first change of state of one bitfollowing a confirmed DM value, the T

Inv delay is launched (value defined in configuration,

from 0 to 300s, with a 10 ms step). If the value is not confirmed at the end of this delay, the

DM is declared UNDEFINED.

C0131ENa

ConfirmedDM value

Bit change =>new calculation>Vstab=> Tstablaunched

Tstab

Bit change =>new calculation new calculation>Vstab=> Tstabre-launched

Tstab

DM UNDEFINED

TInv

Bit change =>

>Vstab=> Tstabre-launched

Tstab

If Vstab

is equal to 0, there is no stability processing : all DM values are sent at eachcalculation.

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5.3.2 Acquisition with Read Inhibit signal

When the RI signal changes to set state, the Tinh

delay is launched. If the signal is always setat the end of the delay, the DM is declared UNDEFINED. Otherwise, if the RI signal changesto reset state before the end of the delay, the current DM value is transmitted.

C0132ENa

Tinh

RI

DM value transmitted

Tinh

DM UNDEFINED

If the RI signal is invalid, the DM will be invalid.

5.3.3 Encoding

The following code are allowed for DM :

CODE Number of bits Range of value

4 (1 BCD decade) 0 to 9

8 (2 BCD decades) 0 to 99


BCD


4 0 to 15

7 0 to 127

8 0 to 255

12 0 to 4095

Binary

16 0 to 65535

8 0 to 255Gray

16 0 to 65535

Decimal 16 (1 bit among 6 for the tens, 1among 10 for the unit)

0 to 69

1 among N 2to 32

0 to 2to 0 to 32

One supplementary bit can be used for the sign (0 indicates a positive value, 1 indicates anegative value).

Capability extension for the Tap Position Indication only :


1 among N 2to 64

0 to 2to 0 to 64

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5.4 Analogue input acquisition (AI)

Acquisition of voltage or current DC signals is done via AIU201 (4 Ais) or AIU210 (8 Ais)boards.

5.4.1 Input range

The different input range are:

For voltage inputs (AIU201 only) :10 V, 5 V, 2.5 V, 1.25 V

For current inputs : 0 - 1 mA, 1 mA, 0 - 5 mA, 5 mA, 0 - 10 mA, 10 mA, 4 - 20 mA,

0 - 20 mA, 20 mA

The saturation value depends on the selected range.

5.4.2 Acquisition cycle

The analogue inputs are acquired on a periodical basis (short or long cycle, defined inconfiguration).

5.5 Digital outputs (DO)

Two types of Digital Outputs are available into MiCOM C264:

CCU200 boards for controls (8 DIs+4 normal open DOs), this board allows doublepole switching controls.

DOU200 boards for alarms (8 normal open DOs + 2 normal open/normal close DOs).

5.6 Digital Setpoints

Digital setpoints are digital values sent on multiple parallel wired outputs. Each wired outputrepresents a bit of the value. Digital setpoints are used to send instruction values to theprocess or to auxiliary devices.

The Digital Setpoints are processed on the same boards as the Digital Outputs. The Digital

Outputs characteristics described above apply on Digital Setpoints. Nevertheless, onlystandard DO boards with single pole N/O relays can be used.

5.6.1 Encoding

The following codes are allowed:


4 (1 BCD decade) 0 to 9



BCD


4 0 to 15

7 0 to 127

8 0 to 255

12 0 to 4095

Binary

16 0 to 65535

8 0 to 255Gray

16 0 to 65535

Decimal 16 (1 bit among 6 for the tens, 1

among 10 for the unit)

0 to 69

1 among N 2to 48

0 to 2to 0 to 48

Moreover a supplementary bit can be used for the sign (0 indicates a positive value, 1indicates a negative value).

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5.6.2 Read Inhibit

A dedicated binary output can be used to allow or forbid the reading of the value by theexternal device.

There is one (or none) Read Inhibit (RI) output per value.

If the RI output is a logical one (external polarity applied), the reading is permitted.

The procedure used to output a value with a RI output is:

Reset the RI output to a logical 0: read forbidden.

Wait for N ms

Output the value

Wait for N ms

Set the RI output to a logical 1: read permitted.

The 0 to 1 transition on the RI output can be used by the external device as a trigger,indicating that a new value is available.

5.7 Analog Setpoints

Analog setpoints are measurement values sent on the Analog Output board.

Thes setpoints commands (with analog indication) are received from the Remote ControlPoint ( RCP) or from the local HMI ( with LCD).

Analog Setpoints are used to interface auxiliary devices requiring analog inputs (ex :measurement viewers, Generator)

The Analog output values are secured with an external power supply which allows keepingthe analog output value in case of C264 shutdown or power off.

A quality indication is available with the additional Read Inhibit output relays (NO) associatedto each analog output.

5.7.1 Output range

The various Analog output range in currents are:

5 mA, 0 - 5 mA,

10 mA, 0 - 10 mA,

4 - 20 mA, 0 - 20 mA, 20 mA

5.7.2 Output management

Each current output is individually managed in 2 modes:

Maintained mode: in case of computer shut down or power off, the output level ismaintained (and the Read inhibit relay is set). Only the reception of a new setpoint willlead to an output value modification.

Un-maintained Mode : in case of computer shut down or power off, the output is setto 0.

The Analog Output is stable 100ms after the order. During the Analog output valuemodification, the Read Inhibit relay is reset (Open) and indicates that the analog outputvalue is not to be used.

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AnalogOutput

RI relaystatus

100 ms

Output value modificationStable Stable

10ms10ms

Set

Reset

C0289ENa

5.7.3 AOU Watchdog management

The AOU board is monitored and the AOU Watchdog (NO relay) is reset when :

the external power supply is off

the C264 is not operational or powered off (no communication with the CPU board)

an AOU internal fault is present

Otherwise, the analog output function is valid, the AOU watchdog relay is set.

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6. DATA PROCESSING

MiCOM C264/C264C treatment entries can be Binary Inputs or Analogue Inputs. They areissues from

IOs boards,

MiCOM C264/C264C internal information (System Input, automation)

Communication acquisition (IED or other computer from LBUS)

6.1 Binary Input Processing

6.1.1 Binary Input Definition

The five types of Binary Inputs (BI) are:

Single Point (SP): derived from one BI

Double Point (DP): derived from two BIs

System Input (SI): information related to the system, to configurable and built-inautomations or to electrical process but without acquisition possibilities

Group: logical combination of BIs

SP and DP are acquired via digital input boards or via IEDs connected by a serial link.

After the acquisition on digital inputs boards, the computer performs toggle filtering, thisavoids to load the computer itself or other equipment when an input has an hazardousbehaviour (More than N state changes during a given duration).

6.1.2 Processing of Single Point Status

C0290ENa

Togglefiltering

Persistancefiltering

Groupprocessing

Manualsuppression

Substitution

Forcing

Fromacquisition

Transmission

Data LoggingArchiving

From IED IEDinputs

SystemInputs

DI/DO

association

A preliminary treatment (filtering) is applied to specific Single Points (SP) in order to confirmthe state.

The choice of these SPs and the filtering time are fixed by the MiCOM C264/C264C

configuration. If the opposite transition occurs before this delay, both transitions arediscarded.

This treatment is said to be a persistent filtering.

The status is stamped with the time of the transition.

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The SP resulting states are:

States (Report)

RESET 01

SET 10

TOGGLING 11

SELFCHECK FAULTY 11

UNKNOWN 11

6.1.3 Processing of Double Point Status

C0291ENa

Togglefiltering

Persistance

filteringMotion

filtering

Groupprocessing

Manualsuppression

Substitution

Forcing

OpencontactFrom

acquisition

Transmission

Data Logging

ArchivingFrom IED IED

inputs

System

Inputs

DI/DOassociation

Toggle

filtering

ClosecontactFrom

acquisition

DPS are commonly used for all switchgears position. From board valid acquisition the twocontacts are Close and Open (set by configuration when voltage is present). The position ofthe switch is:

Close Contact Open Contact DPS State

0 0 Below motion delay, the state is valid motion. ForREPORT no transmission of the transitory state.

After Motion filtering, state is invalid JAMMED

0 1 OPEN

1 0 CLOSE

1 1 UNDEFINED after a permanent filtering

Preliminary treatments (filtering) for some DPs is applied to filter the MOTION state on acertain period of time. This avoids the transmission of this (normally) transient state.

This treatment is said to be a motion filtering.

valid state (OPEN or CLOSE) is stamped with the time of the beginning of theMOTION state

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The DP resulting states are:

States (report)

JAMMED 11

MOTION 00

OPEN 10

CLOSE 01

UNDEFINED 11

TOGGLING 11

SELFCHECK FAULTY 11

UNKNOWN 11

6.1.4 Group processing

A group is a logical OR ,AND,NOR or NAND combination of Binary Inputs (BIs) or groups.

A group component can be a SP, DP (direct or via IED), SI, Group. A component can belongto several groups.

A group is processed as a SP. It is time stamped with the date / time of the last data-pointwhich has modified the group status.

A group is calculated with filtered BIs (persistent filtering or motion filtering if configured).Other computer BIs coming from reports.

6.1.5 SBMC Mode Processing

When a Bay is in SBMC mode (Site Based Maintenance Control), the status of the BinaryInputs (associated to this Bay and defined as SBMC dependant), takes the forced state

defined in the configuration.

This forced information is delivered to the Remote Control Point (RCP) as long as the SBMCmode is active on the Bay.

6.2 Measurement Input Processing

Measurement Values can be Analogue Measurement, or Digital Measurement. AnalogueMeasurements are acquired from communication or from computer boards (AIU201 for DC).Digital Measurement comes from Digital input boards.

6.2.1 Analogue processing

C0292ENa

Scaling

From digitalacquisition

From analogueacquisition

From IEDacquisition

Thresholdsdetection

Open CircuitManagement

Transmission

Data LoggingArchiving

Manualsuppression

Substitution

Forcing

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The Measurement resulting states, following the various filters, which can be applied, are:

States Meaning

VALID

SELFCHECK FAULTY AI, DI board faultUNKNOWN MV is acquired via a transmission link, and the link is

disconnected

SATURATED MV is beyond its nominal input range

UNDEFINED MV is Digital Measurement with invalid coding or computationon analogue leads to error

OPEN CIRCUIT MV is DC 4-20 mA with input value under 4mA

Measurement values can be transmitted at fixed period or on variation (% of nominal), andanyway on state change. Periodic transmission is based on multiple of 100 (fast) or 500 ms(slow).

6.2.2 Digital Measurement Processing

DM is measurement is derived from Digital input. They are used for process measures orTap indications.

The DM is UNDEFINED in the followings conditions:

The value is not stable.

BCD: a quartet is more than 9

Decimal: no bit is set or more than one for tens or unit

Two other bits can be used:

For read inhibit: in this case, the DM is acquired when the read inhibit bit is set.

For the sign

6.3 Accumulator Input Processing

The accumulator stores its current value in a static memory (secured with a capacitor, >48hautonomy). At configured sample an accumulated value is extracted for inner computationand transmission

Digital Inputs are used to count pulses. There is Single counter (SCT) based on one DI anddouble counter based on 2 DI which count complementary states.

At processing level special persistent and complementary filters eliminate non-stable pulses.The integer counter (also transmitted) can be scaled (among of energy of valid pulse).

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7. CONTROL SEQUENCES

Control sequence is a basic built-in function on a module (switch, relay, and function). Itreceives control order, sending back acknowledgement. After checks, control sequence sendcontrol (protocol or DO), and check correct execution with feed back from protocol or fromDI.

7.1 Kind of control sequences

The control sequences automation receives three kind of input triggers (as order from higherlevel) with selection, execution and unselection. Control order may have a normal orabnormal termination with positive or negative acknowledgement to operator and tocommunication.

By configuration, at PACiS SCE level a control sequence may be executed in one of thefollowing mode:

Direct execute: Execution

SBO once: Selection then Execution

SBO many: Selection, several Execution, until Unselection (for transformers only)

By configuration, each DPC order (close order or open order) and each SPC can activatesimultaneously two DO contacts.

7.2 Control sequences checks

Receiving control, the control sequence execute configured checks:

Operational conditions

MiCOM C264/C264C mode management (Operational, Test, Maintenance..),

IED connected

Substation control mode (Remote/Local),

Bay control mode

SBMC mode

Module conditions

Status of the device

Execution conditions

Delays upon selection feed back, start moving, final position reached

7.2.1 Mode Management

Control sequences are only performed if the computer mode is in operational mode. In testmode, control sequences are allowed but digital outputs are not set.

7.2.2 IED connected

If a control has to be send to an IED, it is only accepted if this IED is connected to thecomputer.

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7.2.3 Control mode

This control sequence receives requests from the various control points:

MiCOM C264 Local Control Display

MiCOM C264 TBUS communication from SCADA

Legacy BUS (from One Box Solution IED)

To avoid conflict between the control points, substation and bay modes are checked. Eachcontrol sequence can be subject or not to these checks. The switches Remote/Local can behardware or software (saved in non-volatile memory).

The SBMC Site Based Maintenance Control allows controlling one specific bay from LocalDisplay even if substation is in remote. This feature is dedicated to commissioning ormaintenance and has also the possibility to filter data transmitted from the bay to SCADA.

7.2.4 Uniqueness of control

It is possible by configuration to prevent having more than one control at a time.

7.2.5 Inter-control delay

It is possible by configuration to define an inter-control delay that is a minimum delaybetween two consecutive controls on the same device.

7.2.6 Status of the device

It is possible by configuration to prevent control is the status of the device is not valid.

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8. USER INTERFACE

MiCOM C264/C264C provides three user interfaces:

The front Panel

The Computer Maintenance Tool (CMT)

The Printer

8.1 Front Panel

The MiCOM C264/C264C front panel exists in two versions:

A simple FP with LEDs, L/R push-button and the serial link (GHU210 or GHU211)

A graphical FP with LEDs, L/R push-button, the Local Control Display and the seriallink (GHU200 or GHU201)

Key-pad

Local/Remotepush-button

RS 232 Serial port

GraphicalLCD

LEDs

C0020ENc

FIGURE 4 : MiCOM C264C FRONT PANEL (GHU200)

The FP is detachable up to 5 meters from the MiCOM C264/C264C base case using aspecific front panel (GHU220 or GHU221)

13 (for GHU20x) or 12 (for GHU21x) red LED are fully configured by PACIS SCT.

Inner function (Bay control running, synchronisation, mode..),

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8.1.1 Local Control Display

The Liquid Crystal Display has several kind of screen or panels split in two families protectedby 2 levels of password for action. The first set of panel has bay panels and lists.

Bay panels are graphical representation of an electric bay showing plant items, transformers,and textual information needed to control the bay (measurements, bay mode).

Lists panels include events, measurements, and computer status

The second set of panel is called menu tree. It allows access to settings or suppression ofdata point state/value.

The push buttons associated with the graphical LCD allow:

Navigate between screens or panels,

Select information

Enter value or string (including password)

Send Control (Bay Mode, switch gear, transformer )8.1.2 Local/Remote push-button

The Local/Remote push button manage the MiCOM C264/C264C operation modes:

Local

Remote

When a control depends on bay mode, it is accepted from front panel when the bay is inLocal mode and from other control points when the bay is in Remote Mode.

Front serial Link

The Front panel RS232 serial link is located under the lower flap.This serial link is dedicated for maintenance purpose to connect a PC with the MiCOMC264/C264C maintenance software tools:

HyperTerminal

MiCOM S1 (setting IED on LBUS using tunnelling mode)

8.2 Computer Maintenance Tool

CMT is a graphical tool, it gives access to standard commands and secure the basicmaintenance interventions

CMT communicates with C264 on Ethernet in direct addressing mode.

CMT functions are:

Access to C264 software version and facility to download new software

Access to C264 databases versions and descriptions and facility to download andswitch new database

Access to boot parameters and facility to change them

Access to date and time and facility to change them

Access to Sequence Of Events file

Access to monitoring facilities

Access to Boards and IEDs Communication faults

Access to reports for digital and measurement information

Acess to Waveform file upload facilities.

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8.3 Printer

The events (the events to log are declared in the database) can be printed andchronologically sorted on logbook printer. They are printed with their time stamping and acomplete description (location and event description).

One logbook printer can be connected to a computer. Some printout format parameters canbe defined by user during the system configuration phase.

8.3.1 Inputs

A computer receives acquisition from various equipment (protection, captors, etc.) and, afterprocessing, may generate events that have to be printed. These kinds of events are definedin the database during the configuration phase.

Types of events can be :

Binary inputs (SP, DP, SI and Groups)

Tap position indication

Measurement

Operator action

Devices control

8.3.2 Outputs

The 5 following properties can be printed. Each property is separated from the other by oneblank character The position of each property in the printed line (i.e. position 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5)is defined in configuration :

Chronology 1 character

TimeStamp 24 or 26 characters

Origin- 67 characters : for BI, TPI, measures, controls, the origin gives the access path tothe object

ObjectName- 16 characters

ObjectMessage- 16 characters

The Origin, ObjectName and ObjectMessage properties contain different informationdepending of the associated event type.

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8.3.3 Printer management

8.3.3.1 Header & footer

A header and footer are printed at each page. They are composed of one line, separatedfrom the events by a blank line.

C0141ENa

Site Name Computer Name Date / Time

Page Number

FIGURE 5 : PAGE FORMAT

The page number is in the range [1..999]. It is reset at 1 after reaching 999 and at each newday.

The date could have the following format : DD/MM/YY or MM/DD/YY or YY/MM/DD orDD/MM/YYYY or MM/DD/YYYY or YYYY/MM/DD. The time has the following format :hh:mm:ss.

8.3.3.2 Chronology & time stamp

The printer is managed in a real-time printing mode.

All synchronised information is printed in a chronological order.

Events are printed with their time-stamping and a complete description (location and eventdescription). The equipment detecting the event does the time-stamping (time-stamping atsource).

8.3.3.3 Printer out of service

If a printer fails, all the messages are stored in a circular buffer.

When the buffer is full, any new message replaces the oldest one.

An indication (Printer status) is generated to indicate the printer failure.

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8.3.3.4 Circular FIFO management

Before being printed, all information goes into a circular buffer

A latency delay is configured to sort information.

C0142ENa

Buffer Length

latency

Data flowPrinters

FIGURE 6 : FIFO MANAGEMENT

The size of the buffer is 1000.

When the buffer is full, the oldest information are deleted (300 information suppressed) inorder to have place for new ones.

A specific message is inserted in the buffer to indicate the lost of information, this messagehas the following information:

TimeStamp = date of the oldest suppress information

Origin = Name of the computer (configurable)

ObjectName = SUPPRESSED INFOS

ObjectMessage = number of lost information

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9. RECORDS

Several kinds of records are stored into MiCOM C264.

9.1 Permanent records storage

They are stored on flash disk.

9.1.1 Data storage

All parameters or settings that can be modified via front face LCD are stored in flash disk.

Lists of system information are also stored in the flash disk.

9.1.2 Waveform Recording

MiCOM C264/C264C provides

Slow wave form which gives access to RMS values

9.1.2.1 Slow Waveform Recording

The inputs for the slow waveform records are :

analogue values coming from AIU boards.

Digital inputs

Digital outputs

The slow wave form manages up to 24 analogue and 48 digital values.

MiCOM C264 stores at maximum 5000 integrated values as follow:

Number of Files Number of integrated values

1 50002 2500

5 1000

10 500

20 250

50 100

The integrated value has duration up to one hour. It is defined in configuration.

For analogue, the stored value is the average value during integrated period.

For digital, the stored value depends also on the average:

If average value > x then the stored value is 1 else it is 0, x is defined in configuration and itis a value between 0.1 and 0.9.

The slow waveform recorder can be triggered by the following events, each of which is userconfigurable :

Changes in state of binary inputs (SP, DP, SI)

Changes in state of digital outputs

Measurement threshold violations

Operator request Periodically (i.e. every day at 00h00)

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9.1.3 Events

All data change or events declared in MiCOM C264/C264C configuration database To belogged are stored in a circular queue.

The event records are available for viewing either via the front panel LCD, via slave protocolat SCADA level or on CMT equipment. They also can be printed.

Events , following MiCOM C264/C264C configuration, may typically contain the MiCOMC264/C264C description, the date of the event and the time of the event with an accuracy of1 ms, plus specific information regarding the causes of the events.

The MiCOM C264/C264C under the following circumstances may create events:

Changes of state of Binary Inputs (SP, DP, SI, Groups)

Changes of state of Measurements

Changes of state and value of Tap Position Indications

Devices Control actions and acknowledgements.

The size queue is:

200 data for front panel

2000 data for CMT

configurable per slave protocol for SCADA

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10. AUTOMATIONS

10.1 Load Shedding

LOAD SHEDDING

GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3 GROUP 4

f1

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