eca’s work on energy, - european environment agency · chamber iii external action, security and...
TRANSCRIPT
ECA’s work on energy,
climate change, environment
and agriculture
Phil Wynn Owen
European Court of Auditors
Edinburgh, 23 November 2017
6th European Environmental Evaluators Network Forum
Page 1
Outline
1. ECA organisation and types of audit
2. Landscape Review:EU action on Energy and Climate Change
3. Relevant ECA special reports:
recently published, in progress
Page 2
1. ECA organisation and types of audit
Page 3
European Court of Auditors (ECA)
o External auditors of the EU
o Contributes towards improving EU financial management
o Acts as independent guardian of the financial interests of the citizens of the EU
o Collegiate body with 28 members, 1 from each Member State, around 900 staff
o Based in Luxembourg
Page 4
ECA organisation
Presidency
International liaison
Protocol
Communications
Institutional relations
Strategy
Legal matters
Internal audit
Chamber II
Investment for
cohesion, growth
and
inclusion
Chamber IV
Regulation
of markets and
competitive
economy
Chamber V
Financing and
administering
the Union
Chamber I
Sustainable
use of
natural resources
Secretariat-General
Human resources
Finance
Information, workplace
and innovation
Translation and
language services
Chamber III
External action,
security
and justice
28 Members
Audit Quality Control Committee
President – Klaus-Heiner Lehne
Page 5
The ECA’s work
Financialaudit
Reliability of the accounts
Page 6
Compliance audit
Legality and regularity of underlying
transactions
Performance audit
Value for money and financialmanagement
Annual Report SpecialReports
Other products
Opinions on legislations
Briefing papers
Landscapereview
2. Landscape Review:EU action on Energy and Climate Change
Page 7
Landscape Review coverage
Page 8
2. What the ECA and EU Supreme Audit
Institutions (SAIs) are doing
3. Main challenges
1. What the EU is doing
Landscape Review coverage
Page 9
2. What the ECA and EU Supreme Audit
Institutions (SAIs) are doing
3. Main challenges
1. What the EU is doing
Mitigation: 2015 EU GHG emissions, by source
Page 10
Source: European Environment Agency, EEA greenhouse gas – data viewer, 2017.
8%
79%
10%
3%
Energy production and usage,
all sectors
2015 GHG emissions
by activity
Waste disposal and treatment
Agriculture
Industrial processes/product use
2015 emissions by Member States(% of EU total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding LULUCF, including international aviation and international navigation. Total = 4.6 Gt of CO2e)
Page 11
Source: EEA greenhouse gas – data viewer, EEA, 2017.
Mitigation: EU greenhouse gas emission trends, projections and reduction targets and objectives
Source: European Environmental Agency, European Environmental Agency, Trends and projections in Europe 2016 –
Tracking progress towards Europe’s climate and energy targets, 2016.
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1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
4 000
4 500
5 000
5 500
6 000
1 500
1 000
500
0
Mill
ion
to
nn
es o
f
CO
2-e
qu
iva
len
t
Year
2050 objective (-95% vs 1990)
Effort needed to reach 2050 objective (-95%)2050 objective (-80% vs 1990)
Effort needed to reach 2050 objective (-80%)
Effort needed to reach 2030 target
2030 target (-40% vs 1990)
2020 target (-20% vs 1990)
Historic greenhouse gas emissions
-1,5% per year
-3,3% per year
-4,6% per year
-1,0% per year -20%
-40%
-80%
-95%
Seasonal temperature change, in °C, for 2071-2100, compared with 1961-1990 (2°C global increase scenario)
Page 13Source: Adapted from Climate Impacts in Europe, the JRC PESETA II project, 2014. Data from Dosio and Paruolo
2011 and Dosio et al 2012.
Winter Summer
Change in seasonal precipitation, in %, for 2071-2100, compared with 1961-1990 (2°C global increase scenario)
Page 14Source: Adapted from Climate Impacts in Europe, the JRC PESETA II project, 2014. Data from Dosio and Paruolo
2011 and Dosio et al 2012.
Winter Summer
Landscape Review coverage
Page 15
2. What the ECA and EU Supreme Audit
Institutions (SAIs) are doing
3. Main challenges
1. What the EU is doing
EU SAIs audit reports about energy and climate change
Page 16
28 (10%)
Adaptation
16 (6%)
101 (38%)
269
EU SAI reports
Cross-cutting topics
72 (27%)
52 (19%)
Energy
Other sectors
e.g. transport, waste
and agriculture
EU ETS and Kyoto
Source: EU SAI reports (January 2012 - March 2017).
Internal Energy Market and security of supply
Page 17
• EU’s objective of completing the internal energy
market by 2014 was not reached
• Problems in implementing EU legal framework
• Differences in MS energy markets
• Energy infrastructure not yet designed for fully
integrated markets
Renewable energy
Page 18
• Obstacles to investments:
o Regulatory environment
o Access to market
o Limited use of EU budget
• Cost-effectiveness
• Monitoring and evaluation
Competitiveness of renewable versus non-renewable electricity sources
Page 19
Renewable
energy sources
Non-renewable
energy sources
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Levelised cost of electricity without subsidies, euro/ MWh
Coal peak
Natural gas peak
New nuclear
Natural gas semi-base
Coal base
Existing nuclear
Biogas
Offshore wind
Solid biomass
Utility-scale solar photovoltaics
Geothermal
Solid biomass co-firing
Onshore wind
Hydropower (dam)
Landscape Review coverage
Page 20
2. What the ECA and EU Supreme Audit
Institutions (SAIs) are doing
3. Main challenges
1. What the EU is doing
1. Governance
7. Involving
citizens
6. Evidence-
based policy
2. The energy
transition
4. Financing
3. Adaptation
5. Research
and
innovation
Main challenges
Page 21
Energy and climate change governance
Page 22
• Energy and climate change
need to be addressed together
• Choices in one Member State
can affect others and EU targets
• Public audits can play an important role
Effective
governance
systems are
needed
The energy transition
Page 23
• Profound changes needed in electricity system to deal with
o Intermittent renewable energy sources
o Storage
o Decentralised production
o Inadequate infrastructure
o Overcapacity
• Transport sector needs fundamental change
• High-carbon and nuclear assets may shut down earlier,
requiring social adjustments
Planning for and tackling adaptation
Page 24
• Climate change will affect EU citizens in many ways
• Use of climate, environmental, societal and economic models
• EU and Member States need to anticipate and plan
adaptation, reducing the need to act late, in response to
events…
• … Or costs will be higher
Financing
Page 25
• 1 115 billion euro needed yearly in 2020-30
o Public and private sources
o More robust carbon price
• Costs of adapting to climate change difficult to predict
• Decommissioning nuclear power plants and
nuclear waste disposal
o Pressing, costly challenge for EU and Member States
o Many opportunities for business and employment
Using research and innovation effectively
Page 26
• New technologies to be
developed: energy storage,
alternative fuels in transport…
• Many years needed to use
on industrial scale
Progress in
technologies needed
to reduce emissions in
2030-50 has to be
made in 2020-30
Evidence-based policy
Page 27
• Policy-making and implementation
should be informed by best available
data and models
Involving EU citizens
• Citizens need to be involved to change
behaviour and pay for transition
3. Relevant ECA special reports:
recently published, forthcoming
Page 28
Publication
date
Cohesion policy funds support to renewable energy generation 2014
How do the EU institutions and bodies calculate, reduce and offsettheir greenhouse gas emissions?
2014
The integrity and implementation of the EU Emissions Trading System 2015
Improving the security of energy supply by developing the internal energy market:more efforts needed
2015
The EU certification and reporting system for sustainable biofuels 2016
EU nuclear decommissioning assistance programmes in Lithuania, Bulgaria, Slovakia: some progress made since 2011, but critical challenges ahead
2016
Spending at least one euro in every five from the EU budget on climate action:ambitious work underway, but at serious risk of falling short
2016
Landscape review of EU action on Energy and Climate Change Sep 2017
Page 29
Recent ECA reports
Energy and Climate Change
Publication
date
Reliability of the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) 2016
Combatting eutrophication in the Baltic Sea: further and more effective action needed 2016
The cross-compliance management and control system 2016
Combatting Food Waste: an opportunity for the EU to improve the resource efficiency of the food supply chain
Jan 2017
More efforts needed to implement the Natura 2000 network to its full potential Feb 2017
The certification bodies’ new role on CAP expenditure: a positive step towards a single audit model but with significant weaknesses to be addressed
Jun 2017
EU support to young farmers should be better targeted to foster effective generational renewal
Jun 2017
Implementing the Drinking Water Directive: water quality and access to it improved in Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania but investment needs remain substantial
Sep 2017
Rural development programming: less complexity and more focus on results needed Nov 2017
Page 30
Recent ECA reports
Agriculture, Environment, Fisheries etc
Publication date
(Planned)
Renewable energy for sustainable rural development Q1 2018
Innovation for climate action: innovative renewable energy and CCS Q3 2018
Air quality Q3 2018
Floods protection, prevention and preparedness in the EU Q4 2018
Desertification in the EU Q4 2018
Forthcoming ECA reports
Energy and Climate Change
Publication date
(Planned)
‘Greening’ of the Common Agricultural Policy 2017
Basic Payments Scheme for farmers Q2 2018
Briefing paper on the future of the Common Agricultural Policy Q2 2018
Simplified cost options in rural development Q2 2018
Organic food Q4 2018
Animal welfare Q4 2018
Food safety Q4 2018
Forthcoming ECA reports
Agriculture, Environment, Fisheries etc
Thank you
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