ecap ad hoc community advisory committee · 2019-09-25 · ecap ad hoc community advisory committee...
TRANSCRIPT
ECAP ad hoc Community Advisory Committee
Buildings and Energy Deep Dive
June 25, 2019
Burning fossil fuels is the primary driver of the climate crisis
• In Oakland, we primarily burn petroleum (oil) and natural gas• Oil (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel) powers most of our transportation
• Natural gas, which is mostly methane, can be used for electricity generation, powering some vehicles, and buildings (residential, commercial, and industrial)
Big Picture
How energy is used in our buildings
• Electricity powers anything that is wired or plugged in
• Natural gas can be used in domestic appliances, including boilers, furnaces, water heaters, ranges, ovens, and clothes dryers
• May also be used in commercial and industrial buildings for specialized processes
• Buildings are either mixed fuel or all‐electric
Big Picture
Water Heating49%Speace
Heating37%
Cooking7%
Pool/Spa/Misc4%
Dryer3%
CA Residential Natural Gas Consumption
How natural gas is used in our buildings:
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
• Emissions from electricity depend on how it’s generated• Increasingly coming from clean, renewable sources
• Emissions from natural gas are essentially fixed• Leaked + burned
Transportation (Gasoline, Diesel, & Public Transit),
58%
Electricity, 12.5%
Natural Gas, 17.1%
Port (Air & Sea), 6%
Water and Wastewater, 0.3%
Solid Waste, 5%
Local Government Operations, 1.2%
Total Local Emissions by Category ‐ 2005
Transportation (Gasoline, Diesel, & Public Transit),
64%
Electricity, 7%
Natural Gas, 17.3%
Port (Air & Sea), 6.5%
Water and Wastewater, 0.3%
Solid Waste, 4.5%
Local Government Operations, 0.7%
Total Local Emissions by Category ‐ 2017
457,540
188,141
626,014
485,620
‐
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
MTC
O2e
Total Emissions from Electricity Usage vs Total Emissions from Natural Gas Usage
Total Annual Emissions from Electricity Total Annual Emissions from Natural Gas
‐
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
‐
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
MTC
O2e
MWh
Total Electricity Usage vs Total Emissions from Electricity Usage
Total Annual Electricity Used (MWh) Total Annual Emissions from Electricity
‐
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
‐
20,000,000
40,000,000
60,000,000
80,000,000
100,000,000
120,000,000
140,000,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
MTC
O2e
Therms
Total Natural Gas Usage vs Total Emissions from Natural Gas Usage
Total Annual Natural Gas Used Total Annual Emissions from Natural Gas
How do these trends inform our work
• Electricity grid is cleaner• East Bay Community Energy is cleaner, cheaper, and has easy opt‐up options for 100% clean/renewable
• Buildings are getting more efficient – in other words, they’re being built better so that less energy is needed for lighting and heating
• Appliances are getting more efficient
• Emissions from natural gas follow usage: You can’t “clean” a fossil fuel
2018 US carbon emissions up – largely from increased use of “natural gas”Gas Co2 emissions exceed coal since 2017
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Coal Natural Gas Petroleum and other liquids
U.S. energy-related carbon dioxide emissions by fuelMillion metrics tons CO2
“Natural gas” is used in three sectors: Buildings, electricity, and industrial processes
Focus on Natural Gas
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Electricity Industry Buildings
U.S. Natural Gas Consumption by Sector: Billion Cubic Feet
CA is #1 for lock in of new gas infrastructure and new gas customers
Focus on Natural Gas
75
78
79
90
96
101
106
123
218
252
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
WA
PA
IL
CO
MI
NC
NJ
NY
TX
CA
New Gas Customers, 2013-2017Residential and Commercial Sectors, thousands of customers
Burning of gas in our buildings is big part of California’s outdoor smog problem
Burning gas in our homes releases nitrogen dioxide –a “toxic gas” says EPA
Focus on Natural Gas
• NO2 – causes asthma attacks and other respiratory diseases, may cause asthma in otherwise healthy individuals
• For 50 years EPA has regulated NO2 and in 2010 updated the standards – outdoors
• In 2015 Lawrence Berkeley Labs found that 12 million Californians in homes with gas stoves are breathing levels of NO2 that exceed outdoor standards
Alternatives are plentiful, safer, and more efficient
Focus on Natural Gas
Where we are now
• Changing role of Energy Efficiency and solar from the goal of energy climate policy to tools that will help us electrify faster and cheaper.
• EBCE supporting cities in building and transportation electrification –e.g. Oakland & Berkeley working together on reach code
• ECAP = Opportunity to set ambitious electrification goals
Discussion
• New Buildings: Do we want to dig the hole deeper, or stop building new NG infrastructure now?
• Existing buildings: What do we do with the 170,000 buildings in Oakland
• Buildings• Appliances
• How do we do this equitably, focusing on jobs and affordability?