Now that Marcus has assumed the toga virlis, Cornelius will begin to consider his public career. In the early Republic, boys began their training for public life when they were much younger than Marcus is now. In those days fathers took their sons with them while they carried out their public duties. This story shows that Papirius, though still wearing the toga praetexta, had already learned how to be discreet.

Chapter 52

Papirius Praetextatus

Ms ante sentribus Rmae fuit in Criam cum praetextts flis introre. Olim in sent rs maior agbtur et in diem posterum prlta est. Placuit n quis eam rem nntiret. Mter Papri, puer qu cum parente su in Cri fuerat, rogvit filium quid in sent patrs gissent. Puer tamen respondit nn licre eam rem nntire. E magis mulier audre cupibat; silentium puer animum eius ade incitvit ut vehementius quaereret.

Tum puer, mtre urgente, prdns cnsilium cpit. Dxit ctum esse in sent utrum nus vir dus habret an na uxor dus virs. Hoc ubi lla audvit, dom trepidns gressa est. Ad cters mtrns rem pertulit.

Vnit ad sentum postrdi mtrnrum caterva. Lacrimants atque obsecrants rvrunt ut na uxor dus virs habret potius quam ut nus vir dus uxrs. Sentrs ingredients in Criam mrbantur quid mtrnae vellent.

Puer Paprius in medium prgressus nrrvit quid mter audre cupvisset et quid ipse mtr dxisset. Sentus fidem atque ingenium puer laudvit ac cnsultum fcit n poste puer cum patribus in Criam introrent praeter illum num Paprium. Puer poste cognmen honris caus Praetexttus datum est quod tantam prdentiam praebuerat.

5

10

15

1. What was the previous Roman custom?

2. What would happen after a matter was discussed in the senate?

3. What was decided?

4. Who was Papirius?

5. What did his mother ask him?

6. What was his response?

7. What his mothers reaction?

8. Why did Papirius form a plan?

9. What did he tell his mother had been decided in the senate?

10. What was her first reaction to this?

11. What did she do with this news?

12. Who went to the senate the next day?

13. How did they behave there?

14. What did they request?

15. What was the reaction of the senators as they arrived?

16. What action did Papirius take?

17. How did the senators treat Papirius?

18. Why did they decide to take action?

19. Why was Papirius given the name Praetextatus?

Qui mos senatoribus Romae fuit?Qualis res in senatu agebatur?Quid senatoribus placuit?Quid mater Papirium rogavit?Quid puer resondit?Quid mulier vehementius faciebat?Quid puer prudens dixit?Quid mater fecit?

Do you remember these sentences?Necesse est neque servum neque ancillam reprehendere.Nobis necesse est statim discedere.Nihil facere Sextum taedebat, nam puer strenuus erat.Licetne nobis hic cenare?Non decet patrem despondere filiam inscia matre.Festinare te oportet.What is the subject of each of these sentences?

The infinitive / infinitive phrase is the subject of each sentence!

Necesse est neque servum neque ancillam reprehendere.Nobis necesse est statim discedere.Nihil facere Sextum taedebat, nam puer strenuus erat.Licetne nobis hic cenare?Non decet patrem despondere filiam inscia matre.Festinare te oportet.

These sorts of verbs are calledbecause they are very often translated with it as the subject, although other ways of translation may sound better.Necesse est, it is necessaryOmnibus mature surgere necesse est.To get up early is necessary for everyone.It is necessary for everyone to get up early.

puto, putare, to thinkspero, sperare, to hopedoleo, dolere, to be sorry, be sadconverto, convertere, to turn (around)immitto, immittere, to release, send inparco, parcere (+ dat), to spareabripio, abripere, to snatch awaycircumspicio, circumspicere, to look aroundincipio, incipere, to beginfio, fieri, to becomerefero, referre, to report, bring backabeo, abire, to go awayexerceo, exercere, to train, exerciseaspergo, aspergere, to sprinklecognosco, -ere, to find out, learnoccido, occidere, to killsurripio, surripere, to steal

luctor, luctari, to wrestlerixor, rixari, to quarrelcolloquor, colloqui, to speak togetherprogredior, progredi, to go forwardmorior, mori, to dieorior, oriri, to riseMagistrae necesse est ____________.

These sorts of verbs are calledbecause they are very often translated with it as the subject, although other ways of translation may sound better.Licet, licere, licuit (+ dat), it is allowedCras nobis in mari natare licebit.To swim in the sea will be allowed for us tomorrow.Tomorrow we will be allowed to swim in the sea.

puto, putare, to thinkspero, sperare, to hopedoleo, dolere, to be sorry, be sadconverto, convertere, to turn (around)immitto, immittere, to release, send inparco, parcere (+ dat), to spareabripio, abripere, to snatch awaycircumspicio, circumspicere, to look aroundincipio, incipere, to beginfio, fieri, to becomerefero, referre, to report, bring backabeo, abire, to go awayexerceo, exercere, to train, exerciseaspergo, aspergere, to sprinklecognosco, -ere, to find out, learnoccido, occidere, to killsurripio, surripere, to steal

luctor, luctari, to wrestlerixor, rixari, to quarrelcolloquor, colloqui, to speak togetherprogredior, progredi, to go forwardmorior, mori, to dieorior, oriri, to riseDiscipulis non licet ____________.

These sorts of verbs are calledbecause they are very often translated with it as the subject, although other ways of translation may sound better.Decet, decere, decuit, it is right, proper, fittingDecet liberos parentibus parere.That children obey their parents is fitting.It is fitting for children to obey their parents.Decet refers to what is culturally proper.

puto, putare, to thinkspero, sperare, to hopedoleo, dolere, to be sorry, be sadconverto, convertere, to turn (around)immitto, immittere, to release, send inparco, parcere (+ dat), to spareabripio, abripere, to snatch awaycircumspicio, circumspicere, to look aroundincipio, incipere, to beginfio, fieri, to becomerefero, referre, to report, bring backabeo, abire, to go awayexerceo, exercere, to train, exerciseaspergo, aspergere, to sprinklecognosco, -ere, to find out, learnoccido, occidere, to killsurripio, surripere, to steal

luctor, luctari, to wrestlerixor, rixari, to quarrelcolloquor, colloqui, to speak togetherprogredior, progredi, to go forwardmorior, mori, to dieorior, oriri, to riseDiscipulos non decet ____________.

These sorts of verbs are calledbecause they are very often translated with it as the subject, although other ways of translation may sound better.Oportet, oportere, oportuit, it is right, fitting; oughtOportet nos legibus parere.That we obey the laws is right.It is right that we obey the laws.We ought to obey the laws.Oportet refers to what is just and fair.

castigo, castigare, to rebukeligo, ligare, to bind upmisceo, miscere, to mixadimo, adimere (+ dat), to take away (from)credo, credere (+ dat), to believe, trustposco, poscere, to demandcomparo, comparare, to buy, obtaindesino, desinere to stopobscuro, obscurare, to hideululo, ululare, to howlbibo, bibere, to drinkcoquo, coquere, to cookgrunnio, grunnire, to gruntaufugio, aufugere, to escaperecumbo, recumbere, to lie downpervenio, pervenire, to arrive

absum, abesse, to be awayadsum, adesse, to be presentaffero, afferre, to bring inineo, inire, to go into, enter

moror, morari, to delay, stayegredior, egredi, to go out, leaveproficiscor, proficisci, to set outPorculam ______________ oportet.

These sorts of verbs are calledbecause they are very often translated with it as the subject, although other ways of translation may sound better.Placeo, placere, placui (+ dat), it is pleasingNon placet omnibus mature surgere.To get up early is not pleasing to everyone.Everyone does not like getting up early In the perfect tense followed by a subjunctive, placet can sometimes mean it was decided.

castigo, castigare, to rebukeligo, ligare, to bind upmisceo, miscere, to mixadimo, adimere (+ dat), to take away (from)credo, credere (+ dat), to believe, trustposco, poscere, to demandcomparo, comparare, to buy, obtaindesino, desinere to stopobscuro, obscurare, to hideululo, ululare, to howlbibo, bibere, to drinkcoquo, coquere, to cookgrunnio, grunnire, to gruntaufugio, aufugere, to escaperecumbo, recumbere, to lie downpervenio, pervenire, to arrive

absum, abesse, to be awayadsum, adesse, to be presentaffero, afferre, to bring inineo, inire, to go into, enter

moror, morari, to delay, stayegredior, egredi, to go out, leaveproficiscor, proficisci, to set outSexto ______________ placet.

These sorts of verbs are calledbecause they are very often translated with it as the subject, although other ways of translation may sound better.Taedet behaves a little differently.Taedet, taedere, taesum est, boredom with/weariness of a (gen) affects (an accusative)Brevi tempore nos taedebat hiliritatis.Soon weariness of merriment began to affect us.Soon we began to grow tired of merriment.

funus, funeris, funeraliuvenis, iuvenis, young mansol, solis, sunbestia, -ae, beastludi, -orum, games (chariot)munera, munerum, games (gladiators)gladiator, -oris, gladiatordies natalis, diei, natalis, birthdayspelunca, -ae, cavebalneae, -arum, bathsosculum, -i, kisslacrima, -ae, tearlingua, -ae, languagelitterae, -arum, letters, literaturevinum, -i, winepistrinum, -i, bakerytali, -orum, knucklebonesadulescens, adulescentis, young mancanis, canis, dogflos, floris, flowervulnus, vulneris, wounduva, -ae, grapeumbra, -ae, shade (of the dead)boletus, -i, mushroompecunia, -ae, moneyaurum, -i, gold___________ (gen) Corneliam taedebat.

These sorts of verbs are calledbecause they are very often translated with it as the subject, although other ways of translation may sound better.Davum taedet laboris.Pueros taedet ludorum.Corneliam oportet festinare.Civem Romanum oportet festinare.Patrem decet uxorem consulere.Principem decet senatores consulere.Id quod Cornelius dixit Corneliae placet.Valerio Corneliam in matrimonium ducere licet.

Only appear in the 3rd person singular.Although an infinitive or infinitive phrase is often the subject of an impersonal verb, we usually translate them using it as the subject.Taedet, although impersonal, does not follow the same pattern as other impersonals. They can be used in any tense.

Papirio non licuit rem enuntiare. Papirius was not allowed to divulge the matter.2. Papirii responsum matri non placuit.Papirius answer didnt please his mother.3. Papirio tamen necesse erat rem celare.It was necessary, however, for Papirius to conceal the matter.4. Puerum non decuit rem matri enuntiare.It was not fitting that a boy reveal to matter to his mother.5. Papirium matris interrogationis taesum est.His mothers questioning wearied Papirius.6. Loqui te oportet, inquit mater.You ought to speak / It is fitting that you speak, said his mother.7. Papirio placuit ut aliam rem matri narraret.Papirius decided to tell his mother something else.