ece-1466 modern optics course notes part 4
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ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 4. Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University Spring 2002. Starting Point Maxwell’s Equations Homogeneous Medium Isotropic Medium Solution Plane Waves Transverse Fields. Eigenstates General Solution. Polarized Light. y. y. or. x. x. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-1
ECE-1466Modern OpticsCourse Notes
Part 4
Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio
Northeastern University
Spring 2002
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-2
Polarized Light
• Starting Point– Maxwell’s Equations
– Homogeneous Medium
– Isotropic Medium
• Solution– Plane Waves
– Transverse Fields
• Eigenstates
• General Solution
x
y
x
yor
x
y zE
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-3
Some Mechanisms of Interaction
• Dielectric Interface– Oblique Incidence
– Scattering
• Material Properties– Linear Birefringence
– Circular Birefringence, AKA Optical Activity
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-4
Linear Polarization
E
x
y
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-5
Circular Polarization
tE
x
-y
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-6
Unpolarized LightEx
Ey
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-7
Polarizing Components
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-8
Fresnel ReflectionBoundary Conditions
Dnormal=
Dtangential=0Etangential
0Enormal
Dnormal
Dtangential
0Enormal
0Etangential
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-9
Polarization Labels
• Plane of Incidence– Normal & Incident
Ray
• P-Polarization (TM)– E Parallel to Plane of
Incidence
• S-Polarization (TE)– E Senkrecht =
Perpendicular to Plane of Incidence
Er
Ei
Et
Hi
Hr
Ht
Er
Ei
Et
Hi
Hr Ht
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-10
S-Polarization (1)
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-11
S-Polarization (2)
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-12
Fresnel Coefficient SummaryExample
0 20 40 60 80-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1Fresnel Reflection: Air to Glass, n=1.5
q, Angle, Degrees
s
p
s
p
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-13
Special Angles
1 2 3 410
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
n, Index of refraction
An
gle,
Deg
rees
Critical Angle (medium to air)
Brewster’s Angle(air to medium)
Brewster’sAngle (medium to air)
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-14
Power Coefficients
0 20 40 60 80-20
-15
-10
-5
0Fresnel Reflection: Air to Water, n=1.33
q, Angle, Degrees
R, T
, dB
RS
RP
TS
TP
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-15
Fresnel Reflection Examples (1)Air to ZnSe (IR)Air to Glass
0 20 40 60 800
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1Fresnel Reflection: Air to Glass, n=1.5
q, Angle, Degrees
R, T
0 20 40 60 800
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1Fresnel Reflection: Air to ZnSE in IR, n=2.4
q, Angle, Degrees
R, T
RS RP
TS
TP
RS
RP
TS
TP
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-16
Fresnel Reflection Examples (2)Glass to Air Amplitude Glass to Air Phase
0 20 40 60 800
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1Fresnel Reflection: Glass, n=1.5, to Air
q, Angle, Degrees
R, T
RSRP
TSTP
0 20 40 60 80 100-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200Fresnel Reflection: Glass, n=1.5, to Air
q, Angle, Degrees
Ph
ase,
Deg
rees RP
RS
TSTP
RP
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-17
Device ApplicationsDevice
Inputin Eigenvectorsof Device
Output
EndViews
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-18
Wire Grid Polarizers
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-19
Polaroid H Sheets
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-20
Waveplates (1)
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-21
Waveplates (2)
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-22
E/O Modulator
eiV/V
e-iV/V
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-23
Optical ActivityDevice
April 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University 10100-4-24
Fresnel Rhomb
0 20 40 60 80 100-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200Fresnel Reflection: Glass, n=1.5, to Air
q, Angle, Degrees
Ph
ase,
Deg
rees
RSRP
45 Deg
• Functions as QWP– True Phase Shift rather
than Time Delay
– Broadband: Limited only by material Dispersion