ECE 4006ECE 4006Senior Design ProjectSenior Design Project

Talal Mohamed JafaarIbrahima Bela Sow

Mohammad Faisal Zaman

Bringing Gigabit Ethernet to the Masses

Supervisor: Dr. Martin Brooke

Introduction and Introduction and BackgroundBackground

Ethernet HistoryEthernet History

► DIX Ethernet (1970s)DIX Ethernet (1970s)► Fast Ethernet (1995)Fast Ethernet (1995)► Gigabit Ethernet (1998)Gigabit Ethernet (1998)

Gigabit Ethernet TechnologyGigabit Ethernet Technology

►““Fiber Channel”Fiber Channel”►Multi-mode transmissionMulti-mode transmission►Fiber and copper based networksFiber and copper based networks

Gigabit Ethernet Physical LayersGigabit Ethernet Physical Layers

1 2 3 4

Gigabit SpecificationsGigabit Specifications

PurposePurpose

►Construct a test-bed to perform Construct a test-bed to perform experiments and determine experiments and determine methods to implement Gigabit methods to implement Gigabit Ethernet at an affordable cost for Ethernet at an affordable cost for the general consumer by moving the general consumer by moving the fiber-optic transceiver of an the fiber-optic transceiver of an Ethernet card to an experimental Ethernet card to an experimental board that will be located outside board that will be located outside of the computer.of the computer.

Experimental BoardExperimental Board

►HFBR 53D5 fiber HFBR 53D5 fiber optic optic transceivertransceiver

►Differential I/ODifferential I/O

First StepFirst Step

► Testing the fiber-optic transceiversTesting the fiber-optic transceivers► What parts do we haveWhat parts do we have► What parts do we need to orderWhat parts do we need to order

ChallengesChallenges

►Soldering and unsoldering Soldering and unsoldering ►Proper line terminationProper line termination►GroundingGrounding►Board QualityBoard Quality►Getting parts on timeGetting parts on time

So FarSo Far

►Tested modulesTested modules►Unsoldered old modulesUnsoldered old modules►Found parts to orderFound parts to order

Complete Circuit Diagram of Intel Gigabit Complete Circuit Diagram of Intel Gigabit Ethernet cardEthernet card

Circuit assembled on experimental Circuit assembled on experimental boardboard

Connected using SMA Connectors and RG-316 Co-ax Cable to the Ethernet Board

General CommentsGeneral Comments

►Signal scheme uses NRZ (Non return-to-zero Signaling)

►For a 1-Gb data supply we would expect a fundamental frequency of 500 MHz.

Circuit ComponentsCircuit Components

► ResistorsResistors Basic Function is Basic Function is

to match the to match the impedance of impedance of the 50 Ohm the 50 Ohm Coax lines and Coax lines and for AC-couplingfor AC-coupling

► Differential Differential ModeMode Reduces noise in Reduces noise in

the signalthe signal

De-coupling CapacitorsDe-coupling Capacitors

► High impedance High impedance caused by inductance caused by inductance of power supply lines of power supply lines and high frequenciesand high frequencies

► protects against protects against current spikes due to current spikes due to fast switchingfast switching

Testing and ResultsTesting and Results

Test Setup for the Experimental Test Setup for the Experimental BoardBoard

Experiments were conducted under the supervision of Dr. Brooke in MiRCExperiments were conducted under the supervision of Dr. Brooke in MiRC

Interpretation of the Eye PatternInterpretation of the Eye Pattern

Eye Pattern ObservationsEye Pattern Observations

► PN-7 Encoding with 10ft. PN-7 Encoding with 10ft. Cable (Top)Cable (Top)

► PN-7 Encoding with PN-7 Encoding with 100ft. Cable (Bottom)100ft. Cable (Bottom)

► Two different lengths of Two different lengths of Optical Cable were utilized Optical Cable were utilized to test effects of attenuationto test effects of attenuation

Bit Error RateBit Error Rate

► The bit error rate (BER) is the percentage of bits The bit error rate (BER) is the percentage of bits that have errors relative to the total number of bits that have errors relative to the total number of bits received in a transmissionreceived in a transmission

InferencesInferences

RESULTS OBTAINEDRESULTS OBTAINED►Eye Pattern ResultsEye Pattern Results►BER ResultsBER Results►Results show that the experimental board can Results show that the experimental board can

perform data transfer at Gigabit Ethernet perform data transfer at Gigabit Ethernet speed with acceptable performance.speed with acceptable performance.

Primary Issues with IntegrationPrimary Issues with Integration

In the process of integrating the experimental In the process of integrating the experimental board and the Gigabit Ethernet Card several board and the Gigabit Ethernet Card several issues were faced:issues were faced:

► Redundant Components on Ethernet Board had Redundant Components on Ethernet Board had to be removed using pliers to be removed using pliers

► Signal Detect Pin ConnectionSignal Detect Pin Connection► Ground Pin ConnectionGround Pin Connection

Redundant ComponentsRedundant Components

► The box identifies the redundant components on the The box identifies the redundant components on the Gigabit Ethernet Board. They need to be removed because Gigabit Ethernet Board. They need to be removed because they already occur in the experimental board, and will they already occur in the experimental board, and will cause impedance mismatch among other problem.cause impedance mismatch among other problem.

Actual Board ViewActual Board View

► Red circles indicate Red circles indicate removed componentsremoved components

► Pin 1 is Ground PinPin 1 is Ground Pin► Pin 4 is Signal DetectPin 4 is Signal Detect

Test Setup for the Final Test Setup for the Final SystemSystem

1)1) Experimental board attached to the Experimental board attached to the Experimental Ethernet card.Experimental Ethernet card.

2)2) RG-316 Co-axial Cables, which RG-316 Co-axial Cables, which connect the transmitter and receiver ‘s connect the transmitter and receiver ‘s SMA connectors to their respective SMA connectors to their respective pins on Gigabit Ethernet Card.pins on Gigabit Ethernet Card.

3)3) Experimental Gigabit Ethernet CardExperimental Gigabit Ethernet Card4)4) 50ft. Roll of Optical Fiber.50ft. Roll of Optical Fiber.5)5) 5 Volts power supplies powering the 5 Volts power supplies powering the

receiver and the transmitter.receiver and the transmitter.6)6) Oscilloscope used to verify the Oscilloscope used to verify the

presence of the Signal Detect signal.presence of the Signal Detect signal.7)7) The two computer screens used to test The two computer screens used to test

the transfer of data between the two the transfer of data between the two computerscomputers..

Initial Test Results and ConcernsInitial Test Results and Concerns

► Intel ProSet Diagnostic Intel ProSet Diagnostic Software was used to Software was used to perform basic diagnostic perform basic diagnostic tests.tests.

CONCERNS:CONCERNS:► More advanced test were More advanced test were

performed. While performed. While transmission of data transmission of data packets was successful, packets was successful, receiving packets failedreceiving packets failed..

Identification of the ProblemIdentification of the Problem► Tests were conducted to isolate the location of the problem. Tests were conducted to isolate the location of the problem.

Attention was focused on the distances between the Attention was focused on the distances between the connections and the meshes of each signal.connections and the meshes of each signal.

Before After Discontinuity must be less than 10% of the signal

wavelength. In our case minimum acceptable discontinuity was 1 cm. (Detailed Explanation present in report)

Final Test ResultsFinal Test Results

► Upon resolution the Upon resolution the problem, the problem, the advanced diagnostic advanced diagnostic tests were repeated, tests were repeated, and the data packet and the data packet transfer test was transfer test was followed by followed by successful successful transmission of transmission of useful files between useful files between the computers.the computers.

SuccessSuccess

►Project is successfulProject is successful►Thus, future groups can modify Thus, future groups can modify

the transceiver and other the transceiver and other components without dealing with components without dealing with the Ethernet cardthe Ethernet card

►Hopefully it will soon be possible Hopefully it will soon be possible to have fiber connections in to have fiber connections in homes all over the globe.homes all over the globe.