Standard 9.2 – The Origins of the Cold War

The bear represents which country?

The Eagle represents which country?

The papers in the chasm say "irresponsible statements" and "deepening suspicions"

What is the message of this cartoon?

How is the US government and economy different from the Soviet government?

The end WWII and the beginning of the Cold War

The Allies divided conquered territories among themselves which became a problem as they set up governments along their ideological lines. The US wanted to allow free and open democratic elections in Eastern Europe and a capitalistic economy. The Soviet Union set up totalitarian and communist countries in their region. Britain tried to prop up democracy in Greece and the French tried to colonize Vietnam even though the nationalists wanted communism.

When Communism overwhelmed their efforts, who did the British and French ask for support?

The Course of the Cold WarFrom Stettin on the Baltic to Trieste on the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of central and eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest, and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in the Soviet sphere and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and increasing measure of control from Moscow... Police governments are prevailing in nearly every case, and so far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no true democracy. – Winston S. Churchill

What was the message of this “Iron Curtain” speech?

One cannot forget the following fact: the Germans carried out an invasion of the U.S.S.R. through Finland, Poland, Rumania, Bulgaria, and Hungary... One can ask, therefore, what can be surprising in the fact that the Soviet Union, in a desire to ensure its security for the future, tries to achieve that these countries should have governments whose relations to the Soviet Union are loyal? - Joseph Stalin

Based on the reading, why did Stalin want the Iron Curtain?

The Truman Doctrine“I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” – Truman

Paraphrase this essential philosophy of the Truman Doctrine.

“It is necessary only to glance at a map to realize that the survival and integrity of the Greek nation are of grave importance in a much wider situation. If Greece should fall under the control of an armed minority (Communists), the effect upon its neighbor, Turkey, would be immediate and serious. Confusion and disorder might well spread throughout the entire Middle East.”

This quote establishes a 2nd key element of the Truman Doctrine called the Containment Policy. Use the quote to define the Containment Policy.

The Marshall Plan was an effort to promote economic rebuilding after WWII.

Which countries received the most aid from the US?

Which former ally received no money from the Marshall Plan?

Which speech mentioned on the last page is supported by this map?

Reflect on the end of WWI, the Great Depression and the Rise of Hitler.

Why would the US provide so much aid to these war torn nations?

Following WWII, the Allies split Germany into 4 zones.

Which countries administered the zones?

The capital of Germany was Berlin, which was also quartered and given to a different WWII Allied Power.

What issue do you see with this arrangement?

The first real test of the US Containment Policy was the Berlin Blockade.

Explain the Berlin Blockade.

Using the Political Cartoon and your readings, What was the US/British response to the Berlin Blockade?

Why do you think the US/British decided on this course of action rather than a direct attack

How do you think nuclear weapons impacted the decision?

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)Article 5 The parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all; and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them...[will take] such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area. – NATO Charter (NATO was a treaty between the US and Western European countries.)

Who were they worried might attack?

Paraphrase the agreement stated in the NATO Charter.

China Who was Mao Tse-tung?

Where did the Chinese Democrats flee to?

What type of government did China have during the Cold War?

The Nuclear Arms Race

What was the arms race?

What is an “ICBM”?

How did ICBMs (along with Sputnik) trigger the “Space Race”?

The Korean WarHow did the Korean War begin?

Why did Truman insist on assisting South Korea?

How did the UN react?

How did the Chinese react to the US invasion of North Korea?

How was the end of the Korean War seen as a victory for the Containment Policy?

The Red ScareThe United States was afraid of the “Evil” Soviet Union and felt that they had only accomplished so much because of help from traitorous Americans.

How would nationalism help this belief?

What was Truman’s Federal Loyalty Program?

Politics of the Red Scare – McCarthyism

Who was Joseph McCarthy?

McCarthy was a Republican and was trying to limit the influence of Democrats in Congress. How did he use the fear of Communism to further his political agenda?

How did television play a role in McCarthy’s downfall?

The Warsaw Pact What was the Warsaw Pact?

CubaWho took power from the Cuban dictator in 1959?

Who did Cuba receive assistance from?

In 1961, the US responded with the Bay of Pigs invasion.

What was the outcome of the invasion?

The Berlin WallThe Berlin Wall was constructed in 1961.

What was the goal of this wall?

Why did it become a symbol for the Cold War?

The Cuban Missile Crisis

Describe the Cuban Missile Crisis.

What was the outcome of the Crisis?

The “Third” World

What is meant by “3rd” World Countries?

Why was the United States interested in assisting the 3rd World?

What middle eastern resource was highly valued by the US?

How did the 3rd world diplomats use the Cold War to maximize assistance to their countries?

Cold War Foreign Policy

What is the CIA?

What is apartheid?

Why would the US support corrupt governments?

Foreign Policy – middle east edition

Why did the US support the Shah of Iran?

Explain the Suez Crisis.

How is the Eisenhower Doctrine and extension of the Containment Policy?

Foreign Policy and IsraelWhy was the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) formed?

Who fought in 1967's Six Day’s War?

Who funded the invasion?

How did this lead to “occupied territories”?

Who lost land?

What is OPEC?

How did OPEC respond to a 1973 Israeli war?

How did the OPEC response impact the United States?

What were the Camp David Accords?

What president was responsible for these Accords?

Describe was the Iranian Hostage Crisis?

The Ending of the Cold War

The Cold War ended as the Soviet Union fell apart.

What role did Glastnost and Perestroika play in the collapse?

What role did the arms race play?