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Echelon

› Developed by National Security Agency of USA.

› A secret project to spy on people by tracing their messages.

› To find out the terrorist activities across the globe.

› The allies of USA in this project- UK, Australia, New Zealand and Canada.

› Developed with the highest computing power connected through the satellites all over the world.

› Sniffing of messages over a network or any transmission media, even wireless.

› Stands for “Transient Electro-Magnetic Pulse Emanation Standard”.

› Main theory - Any electronic or electrical device emits electromagnetic radiations of specific key when it is operated.

› Intercept electromagnetic waves over the air.

› It even sniffs signals emanating from computer screens(range of few Kilometers).

› Can detect keystrokes without network connection.

INTRODUCTION (cont:)

Refers to the study of compromising emanation.

Compromising Emanations(CE) are defined as unintentional intelligence-bearing signals.

CE consist of electrical or acoustical energy unintentionally emitted by a source

THE energy may relate to the original message , which leads to the recovery of plain text.

Can propagate through space and near by conductors.

Sources of TEMPEST› Functional Sources:

› Incidental Sources:.

Propagation of TEMPEST Signals

Electromagnetic Radiation

Line Conduction

Fortuitous Conduction

Acoustics

Uses the electromagnetic waves propagated from the electronic devices intentionally or unintentionally.

It traces all electromagnetic radiation from the victim’s monitor, keyboard, even pc memory and hard disk, and then it reproduces the signals.

Enables the intruder to hack without any connection to the victim’s computer.

Snooping in to a computer’s VDU

> Video display units output their frame buffer content periodically

> Use character recognition techniques to give a better SNR• Snooping on CPUs

Execution of a known pattern of instructions

If signals caused by any instruction are lost in the noise, correlation techniques can be used.

Protection from TEMPEST TEMPEST testing and selection of appropriate

devices

TEMPEST Fonts

TEMPEST Proof walls

An equipment or system tested is called equipment

under test (EUT).

An EUT can be visualized as an input/output box which receives an input signal and produces an output signal. The figure below shows this.

Fig 2

Tempest Testing And Selection

Because of design weaknesses, some unintentional signals may be generated in an EUT and emitted through space.

Such unintentional signals are the object of detection and measurement during TEMPEST

tests.

Test types are of three, they are

1. Electric radiation test 2. Magnetic radiation test 3. Conduction test

TEMPEST fonts are used for protecting the computers form the eavesdropper.

The software will filter that text and show that font as the most convenient way

The filtered text looks rather blurred and unpleasant in the magnified representation.

The loss in text quality is almost unnoticeable for the user at the computer screen

True text

Filtered text

•The text on the left is displayed with a conventional font.

•Text on the right has been filtered to protect itself from interception.

•User can see practically no difference between the fonts

•Text disappears from the eavesdropping monitor

Fig 3

oTEMPEST proof walls are developed for preventing from TEMPEST attacks.

oThese walls are specially designed for reflecting the electromagnetic waves back to the same room it self.

oTEMPEST –Proof walls are the most effective one

Satellite photography

Electromagnetic signals(SIGINT) of any kind are intercepted and analysed

Radar stations, may provide valuable information about the organisation of enemy air defences

Monitoring other states, spy satellites is also useful

On spot

Conversations: planted microphones (bugs) or laser equipment which picks up vibrations in window panes.

Screens emit radiation.

Telephone, fax, and e-mail messages can be intercepted if the eavesdropper taps into a cable leaving the relevant building.

Mobile phone can be intercepted if the interception station is situated in the same radio cell.

AWACS aircraft are used for the purpose of locating other aircraft over long distances.

The slow-flying EP-3 spy plane used by the US Navy has the capability to intercept microwave and short-wave transmissions.

Submarines are used to intercept military radio transmissions.

The satellites move in a complex elliptical orbit, to cover a larger area of the earth in one day.

The signals received are transmitted to the receiving station by means of a strongly-focused, 24GHz downlink.

Use of Directories and Keywords.

Using the modern techniques for searching by use of the sophisticated speech recognition software and OCR software.

An echelon system can intercept about billions of messages every hour.

KEYWORD - “ Sensitive Words” to find out the messages which carries the sensitive information.

DICTIONARIES - The database containing the keywords

Each of these station dictionaries is given codeword

The Echelon system will not provide any privacy for our own people in home and abroad.

Every military secret is public to NSA and it’s allies, even though if we are hiding that from their eyes.

We have to ensure that these systems are protected from intrusion and if it occurs the result will be hazardous.

Tempest is the technology for spying from electronic equipments with out any physical contact.

Echelon is the vast network formed by NSA and its allies all over the world to intercept the messages sent through any transmission media.

Nothing can be hidden from the these systems.

Unfortunately our India does not have a Tempest equipment developed and we are not a part of Echelon network developed by NSA

We have to develop one such for empowering our intelligence agencies and military agencies.

Thank you