www.vet.minpolj.gov.rs

REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

Echinococcus: Serbia – preventing

human infection through on – farm

measures

Tamara Bošković , DVM

Veterinary Public Health Departement

OIE seminar, Belgrade 15-17 October 2013

Veterinary Directorate

OIE seminar, Belgrade 15-17 October 2013

Area - Total 88,361 km2

Population - Total 7 181 505

Capital and largest city Belgrade

25 districts

National anthem: “God of Justice” –

“Bože pravde”

Republic of Serbia

OIE seminar, Belgrade 15-17 October 2013

VETERINARY

INSTITUTES/

LABS

ANIMAL HEALTH

RESIDUE

MONITORING

FOOD SAFETY

VETERINARY

STATIONS

VETERINARY

PRACTICES

REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND WATER MANAGEMENT

Minister

UNIT FOR

REGISTRATION OF

VETERINARY

ORGANISATIONS

AND VETERINARY

SERVICES

VETERINARY DIRECTORATE

Director – Chief Veterinary Officer – CVO

DEPARTMAN

FOR BORDER

VETERINARY

INSPECTION

DEPARTMAN

FOR LEGAL,

GENERAL AND

FINANCIAL

AFFAIRS

DEPARTMAN

FOR ANIMAL

HEALTH,

ANIMAL

WELFARE

AND

TRACEABILITI

Y

UNIT FOR

EPIZOOTIO

LOGY

GROUP FOR

REGISTRATION

OF ANIMALS

AND

TRACEABILITY

GROUP

FOR

ANIMAL

WELFARE

INSPECTION

GROUP FOR

ANIMAL

HEALTH AND

ANIMAL

WELFARE

INSPECTION

GROUP FOR

EXPORT

FACILITIES

REGIONAL VETERINARY

INSPECTION OFFICES

25 - CHIEFS OF THE UNITS

UNIT BORDER

VETERINARY

INSPECTION

3 CHIEF OF

THE UNIT

AND 4 CHIEF

OF GROUP BVI LOCAL

EXPORT

FACILITIES

VETERINARY

INSPECTORS

LOCAL

FOOD

SAFETY

VETERINARY

INSPECTORS

LOCAL

ANIMAL

HEALTH AND

WELFARE

VETERINARY

INSPECTORS

BORDER

VETERINARY

INSPECTION

POST (17 BIPs)

INSPECTION

GROUP FOR

PRODUCTION

AND TRADE

CONTROL

MEDICINES

AND MEDICAL

DEVICES,

FEED AND

MEDICINES

FEED

ADVISOR

INSPECTION

GROUP FOR

QUALITY

AND SAFETY

OF

PRODUCTS

AND BY-

PRODUCTS

OF ANIMAL

ORIGIN

GROUP FOR

CERTIFICATION

AND HARMON.

OF

VETERINARY -

SANITARY

MEASURES

UNIT FOR

INTERNATIONA

L TRADE

DEPARTMAN

FOR

VETERINARY

PUBLIC

HEALTH

DEPARTMAN

FOR

VETERINARY

INSPECTION

UNIT FOR

REGISTRATIO

N AND

APPROVAL

AGRI FOOD

ESTABLISHME

NTS

AND

FOOD SAFETY

GROUP

FOR FEED & ABP

ESTABLISHMENTS

DEPARTMAN

FOR

INTERNATIONA

L

TRADE AND

CERTIFICATIO

N

GROUP FOR

INTERNAL

AUDITS &

QMS

SERBIA - FOOD SAFETY SYSTEM

Legal Framework:

Law on Veterinary Matters (OG RS, No. 91/05, 30/10, 93/12)

Multiplespecies diseases : Echinococcosis/hydatidosis

Law on Food Safety (Official Gazette of RS, No. 41/09)

Rulebook on method and procedure of performing official control of

food of animal origin and method of performing official control of animals

before and after slaughter (Official Gazette of RS, No. 99/10) –

postmortem inspection

Programme of establishing the measures for animal health protection

for 2013.

OIE seminar, Belgrade 15-17 October 2013

Programme of establishing the measures for

animal health protection for 2013. Dehelmintization of dogs and cats over three months against canine

tapeworms Echinococcus granulosus

In order to prevent the spread of parasite eggs in the environment, at

least 48 hours after treatment of dogs, their feces seem harmless .

The slaughter of animals for human consumption, owners who

slaughter animals for their own use, affected organs are safe by

boiling , incineration or processing in the rendering plant

The slaughterhouse is recorded each identified case of

echinococcosis and on the notify the veterinary inspection

OIE seminar, Belgrade 15-17 October 2013

IMPORTANCE

• Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus spp.

• The hosts: dogs and cats, carry the adult tapeworms subclinically.

• Dogs are particularly important - close relationships with humans.

• Intermediate hosts are initially asymptomatic

• Cysts in the liver and lungs, can lead to illness and death.

•The incubation period from months to years

OIE seminar, Belgrade 15-17 October 2013

OIE seminar, Belgrade 15-17 October 2013

The most common species - Serbia

• Echinococcus granulosus - sheeps/goats, cattle, pigs,

wild animals

• Echinococcus multilocularis - wild animals

• E. vogeli

• E. oligarthrus

• Eggs – dogs, cats, foxes

OIE seminar, Belgrade 15-17 October 2013

The prevalence:

Depends of Region in R Serbia

Domestic animals

• Souther - East Serbia – sheep 98% (certain municipalities)

• Region of Belgrade - sheep and goats - 12.3%

• South parts of Serbia - sheep 3.98%, cattle 4.54%, pigs 4.18%

Wild animals

• Echinococcus granulosus - foxes - 0.23%

• Echinococcus multilocularis - beaver (2012)

OIE seminar, Belgrade 15-17 October 2013

OIE seminar, Belgrade 15-17 October 2013

No District

2011

Finding on the slaughter line

Echinococcus

Cattle /pig /sheep

1 SEVERNOBAČKI 27

2 SEVERNOBANATSKI 72

3 SREDNJEBANATSKI 0

4 JUŽNO BANATSKI 348

5 ZAPADNOBAČKI 0

6 JUŽNO BAČKI 1745

7

SREMSKI 0

8 MAČVANSKI 3264

9 KOLUBARSKI 3875

10 PODUNAVSKI 358

11 BRANIČEVSKI 2216

12 ŠUMADIJSKI 829

13 POMORAVSKI 16111

14 BORSKI 0

15 ZAJEČARSKI 6068

16 ZLATIBORSKI 0

17 MORAVIČKI 3116

18 RAŠKI 2666

19 RASINSKI 188

20 NIŠAVSKI 9172

21 TOPLIČKI 195

22 PIROTSKI 1787

23 JABLANIČKI 0

24 PČINJSKI 375

25 GRAD BEOGRAD 2504

TOTAL 54916

OIE seminar, Belgrade 15-17 October 2013

No District

2012

Finding on the slaughter line

Echinococcus

Cattle /pig /sheep

1 MORAVIČKI 399

2 MAČVANSKI 4121

3 TOPLIČKI 86

4 PIROTSKI 1903

5 JABLANIČKI 5085

6 SEVERNOBAČKI 23

7

PODUNAVSKI

388

8 ZAPADNOBAČKI 131

9 ZLATIBORSKI 3395

10 SEVERNOBANATSKI 30

11 SREDNJEBANATSKI 0

12 JUŽNOBANATSKI 114

13 JUŽNOBAČKI 544

14 SREMSKI 0

15 KOLUBARSKI 5156

16 BRANIČEVSKI 2405

17 ŠUMADIJSKI 244

18 POMORAVSKI 14188

19 BORSKI 2239

20 ZAJEČARSKI 2246

21 RAŠKI 238

22 RASINSKI 993

23 NIŠAVSKI 6.778

24 PČINJSKI 477

25 GRAD BEOGRAD 1658

TOTAL 42948

Cases at human population:

OIE seminar, Belgrade 15-17 October 2013

In 2012. there were 39 people who were infected*:

• Echinococcosis hepatis – 34 people

• Echinococcosis pulmonis – 1 person

• Echinococcosis alia non specificata - 4 people

Region of Central Serbia - 29 people

Region Vojvodina - 10 people

• The most of sick people are older then 15, with domination of

female population 61,5%

• It is detected over the year, there is no seasonal fluctuation

* Published report of Institute of Public Health of Serbia “Milan Jovanović Batut”

Echinococcosis is particularly

widespread in Serbia due to

Lack of knowledge of cattle/pig breeding

Lack of appropriate livestock and

Poor zoohygienic services regarding animal by product disposal

Holdings keep livestock with the dogs.

Real host becomes infected by eating infected liver and lungs

Vectors - oral intake of eggs that a real host throws feces.

Rural households are often the result of "intentional" feeding dogs

infected organs during pig slaughtering.

OIE seminar, Belgrade 15-17 October 2013

PREVENTION

Conduct regular eradication of helminthes of dogs, especially those

who are in contact with domestic animals and humans

Difficult to prevent exposure to Echinococcus spp. eggs from wild

animals;

Food safety precautions + combined with good hygiene.

Adequate removal of animal waste in order to prevent the circulation

of infectious material.

Education of people trough the media, broshures, liflets

OIE seminar, Belgrade 15-17 October 2013

PREVENTION

The hands should always be washed after handling pets, farming,

gardening or preparing food, and before eating.

In some areas, foxes could be treated with antiparasitic drugs in

bait, to decrease the prevalence of E. multilocularis.

Improve laboratory technics: molecular genotyping techniques, RT-

PCR and sequencing mitochondrial CO1 gene

Drugs: benzimidazolic, mebendazole , albendazole, praziquantel

OIE seminar, Belgrade 15-17 October 2013

FURTHER STEPS

The better system of recording the cases of echinococcosis in

slaughterhouses – link between animals/human health/food safety

tasks;

Twinnig Project – Proposal for IPA 2014: Data collection on zoonotic

diseases – Based on Directive 2003/99/EC on the monitoring of

zoonoses and zoonotic agents;

The offal’s analysis in foxes

OIE seminar, Belgrade 15-17 October 2013

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Thank you for your attention

OIE seminar, Belgrade 15-17 October 2013