ECMA-383 2nd edition

“Measuring the energy consumption of personal computing products”

OverviewNovember 2009

Ecma/TC38-TG2/2009/113

Agenda

• What is ECMA-383 2nd edition

• Who developed it and why

• Elements of the standard

• Categorisation

• Registration procedure

• Power modes and TEC

• Test Procedure

• Profiles

• Results reporting

• IEC plans

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• Measuring the energy consumption of Personal Computing products

• 2nd edition scope: Notebook and Desktop computers– Defines Typical Energy Consumption (TEC)– Defines Profiles and a Majority Profile to describe usages– Defines a categorization framework which enables “like for like”

TEC comparisons– Defines how to measure and test TEC

• ECMA-383 2nd edition does not provide– Pass / fail criteria– Power allowances for adders

What is ECMA-383 2nd edition?

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Who is involved in Developing ECMA-383

• Industry Expert Contributors– Advanced Micro Devices– Dell– Hewlett Packard– Intel– Microsoft– nvidia– Sony– Via

• Industry Expert Observers– Apple– Fujitsu– Hitachi– IBM– Lexmark– Océ – Ricoh– Toshiba

• Government Expert Contributors– Lawrence Berkeley National

Laboratory

– Terra Novum

• Government Expert Observers– US EPA (Environmental

Protection Agency)

– EU EC JRC (European Union Commission Joint Research Centre)

4

Why Develop ECMA-383?

• The development of Personal Computer energy regulations is accelerating across the globe– Provides a single global method for describing,

measuring and evaluating personal computer energy usage

– Provide a single method for doing “like for like” TEC comparisons

– Single test procedure for global regulations and voluntary agreements

– Provides a market driven categorizations framework with flexibility to keep up with market changes

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Reference number ECMA-123:2009

© Ecma International 2009

ECMA-389 1st Edition / December 2009

Procedure for the Registration of Categories for ECMA-383 2nd edition

Elements of the Standard

Reference number ECMA-123:2009

© Ecma International 2009

Ecma/TC38-TG2/2009/0xx Ecma/TC38/2009/0xx

ECMA-383 2nd Edition / October 2009

FinalDraft

Measuring the Energy Consumption of Personal Computing Products

ECMA-383Measuring the energy consumption

of personal computing products

ECMA-389Procedure for the registration

of categories for ECMA-383

On-line comments form

On-line appeals form

On-line categories

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Key clauses in ECMA-383 2nd edition

Scope

Terms and Definitions

Specifications for the Unit Under Test• Computer definitions

• Power Modes

• Duty Cycle Attributes

• Profile Attributes

• Categorisation Attributes

Test procedure

Test conditions

Categorisation

TEC formula

Meter specifications

Results reporting

Annex’s7

Why Categorize?

• Categories are used to group systems with similar capability together– Allows a consumption (TEC) comparison based on their capabilities

Consumption Transportation Uses

Computer Uses

Netbook Motorbike: 40 Km/LNetbook: 6W

Transport a person AB

Web Browsing

Notebook Car: 13 Km/LNotebook: 9W

Transport people AB

Content creation

High-end Notebook

Pickup: 4 Km/LHE Notebook: 30W

Transport people and things AB

Games, Media creation, computational analysis

Motor vehicle analogy

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Categorisation (Nov 09)http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Categories_to_be_used_with_Ecma-383.htm

Notebook Computer• 5 Categories: Netbook, thin/low end, mainstream, performance and high end

Desktop Computer• 4 Categories: entry, mainstream, performance and high end

Discrete Graphics• Defined based on Frame Buffer BandWidth (FB_BW)

• Creates 5 groups of graphics cards based on performance

Out of scope products defined through categorisation• ULE – Ultra Low Energy

• Sets an Annualised TEC level below which a product is out of scope for the standard

• Upper limit on # cores, memory channels and FB_BW• Products with any of these attributes above upper limits are out of scope

• Rationale example: • If high end category stated >3 cores the TEC limit would be set based on known products on the

market today (e.g. 4 cores max)

• Would stifle innovation for someone bringing a “many” core product to market

• Categories will be updated via the registration procedure. ULE level and the upper limits will be constantly modified

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ECMA-389: Procedure for the registration of categories for ECMA-383 2nd editionhttp://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-389.htm

Why create the procedure• Categories need to be updated more often than the standard

• Defines how to manage the category changes

in an open and transparent way

The procedure: • Appoints a registration authority (Ecma)

• Defines where categories shall be posted

• Defines the criteria for anyone globally to

submit change requests together. Includes an

appeals processhttp://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-383_comments_to_categories.php

http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-383_appeals_for_rejected_comments.php

• In case of approval of change requests the

registration authority shall• Maintain a minimum of 6 months between

changes to the International Registers

• Take into account all comment approvals and

manage the registers in a manner that minimises the

number of updates10

Power Mode DescriptionsNote: Full definitions are in the standard the descriptions below are a summary only

Off Mode

- Plugged in and switched off

Sleep Mode

- The product can be woken by user interface devices.

WoL Sleep Mode

- Same as sleep mode but can also be woken via a LAN device

On Modes

- Not in Off or Sleep modes

Idle Modes• OS and software completely loaded.

Activity is limited to basic applications that the product starts by default • Short Idle Mode

• Screen is on and set to as shipped brightness. Power management features have not engaged.

• Long Idle Mode• The same as Short Idle Mode only the screen has blanked

Active (Work) Mode• The product is carrying our work

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Duty Cycles

The time a product spends in each of its power modes

ENERGY STAR® V5 Computer Study

Desktop Computer

Notebook Computer

Toff 55% 60%

Tsleep 5% 10%

Ton 40% 30%

ECMA-383 Overview (rev 1.1)

WorkEnergy(Avg Pwork)

Short Idle Energy(Avg Psidle)

TworkTsidle

Long Idle Energy (Avg Pidle)

Sleep Energy(Avg Psleep)Off Energy (Avg Poff)

TsleepToff Tidle 100%

Pow

er

Pwork

Ton

What is TEC?Typical Energy Consumption

Power States: Measured.

Duty Cycle: Set by Profile Study

Represents system use.Work Power:

Estimated or Measured depending on Profile Study.

TEC is calculated from common computer Power States weighted with yearly Duty Cycles determined by a specific usage profile (Majority Profile)

• Computer TEC will vary depending on its use; e.g. enterprise use versus gamer use will provide a different yearly TEC

• ECMA-383 determines TEC around a single use (Majority Profile)

TEC = (8760/1000)*(Poff*Toff + Psleep*Tsleep+ Pidle*Tidle + Psidle*Tsidle + Pwork*Twork)

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TEC Formulae

ECMA-383 2nd edition provides two TEC formulae's

TECactual

• Requires accurate measurement of Active mode

• User of the standard would be required to develop a workload based on the Active Workload Criteria defined in the standard.

TECestimate

• Active included in Short-Idle

• No workload required

A Profile TEC error of <15%

enables use of TECestimate

• Product TEC error =

(TECactual / TECestimate) * 100%

• Profile TEC error = The average

of all the product TEC errors in a

Profile study

• Profile: A combination of duty cycle attributes and a given use case (e.g. office users, home users, gamers)

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The Work Energy of TEC

• Power Study is used to determine if work can be estimated or must be measured– If work energy has minimum impact on TEC,

• Work energy can be estimated by short idle power– Else

• Workload is created to measure Pwork

Work(Pwork)

Short Idle (Psidle)

TworkTsidle

Long Idle (Avg Pidle)Sleep (Psleep)Off (Poff)

TsleepToff Tidle

Po

wer

Work(Pwork)

Short Idle (Psidle)

TworkTsidle

Long Idle (Avg Pidle)Sleep (Psleep)Off (Poff)

TsleepToff Tidle

Po

we

r

Short Idle (Psidle)

TworkTsidle

Long Idle (Avg Pidle)Sleep (Psleep)Off (Poff)

TsleepToff Tidle

Po

we

r

Small Impact

Large ImpactNeed to create an “Work” workloadEstimate Work power with Short Idle Power

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Test Procedure

Defines details on

• Test setup

• Specifications for test

equipment (watt meter

and ambient light meter)

• Does not specify

specifications for line

conditioners

• Test conditions: Regional

supply voltage + THD,

ambient temperature,

humidity and ambient light

Defines test procedure for any or all power modes

• Off, Sleep, WoL Sleep, Long Idle, Short Idle and Active

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Profiles

A combination of duty cycle attributes and a given use case (e.g. office users, home users, gamers)

• Majority profile is the most common profile of users

• Minority profiles represent less common profiles of users not represented in the majority profile

Profile Study: Performed to create a profile and generates• All the duty cycle attributes:

• Time in each of the power modes

• The profile active power ratio (PAPR): • The average on power divided by short idle power of a product (all products

averaged together to provide the PAPR)

• A number approaching 1 indicates the profile spends less time in active mode

• The profile TEC error

• Product TEC error: (TECactual / TECestimate) * 100%. Profile TEC error is the average of all the product TEC errors in a profile study

• The Profile Active Workload Ratio• The average ratio of Active power divided by Short Idle Power

• Used to validate that an active workload closely matches the profile study (through its PAPR).

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What is a Majority Profile?

• The most common type of usage model– Determined by statistically significant data study

• IDC or Gartner data could be used to determine the most common type of usage

• Why a Majority Profile?– Provide accurate TEC measurement for the greatest population

• Accuracy of TEC will diminish for systems using different usage patterns– Allows consumers to understand a relative consumption model across different

computers • Even though their actual realized TEC will vary, it should vary in a similar way across all

machines– Lowers the cost and time impact by providing a single unified way for the industry to

express TEC for computing devices– Less confusion than providing 9-10 TEC values based on additional minority profiles

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Developing a Majority Profile through a Profile Study

• A Profile Study is performed to create a Majority Profile– Creates the necessary attributes needed to calculate

TEC for that profile– Determines how to treat the active workload

contribution to TEC

Pick a Majority Profile

Perform a Duty Cycle Study on users that fit the majority profile, determines duty cycle

for profile

Tx = y Px = z

Perform a Power Study on users that fit the majority

profile, determines if a Active Work load is need, and if so its

characteristics

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Profile concepts described in 4 Annex’s

• Overview of Profile Methodology

• Majority Profile

• How to conduct a Profile study

• Sample TEC calculations

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Results reporting

Minimum set of results to be reported

• Product Description

• Category (including date stamp)

• Results

• Test conditions

• Declaration

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IEC plans

• Priority for the Ecma Task Group is to convert ECMA-383 2nd edition into an IEC standard

• IEC TC108 WG Environment have been contributing to the work from the start

• Early draft sent to IEC for review and comments included in final draft of Ecma standard

• Final draft ECMA-383 2nd edition sent to IEC in Oct 2009

• Expect CD (committee draft) April 2010

• CDV (committee draft for vote) August 2010

• FDIS (final document international standard) April 2011

• Will work with European Standards Organisation to develop a European Norm (EN) from IEC version

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Backup

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Web Links

ECMA-383 2nd edition

ECMA-389

• Comments on categorieshttp://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-

383_comments_to_categories.php

• Appeals on rejected commentshttp://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-

383_appeals_for_rejected_comments.php

Categorieshttp://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Categories_to_be_used_with_Ecma-383.htm

• Historic Categorieshttp://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/historical_categories.htm

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Criteria for an active workload

• The workload shall be created to ensure that the Profile Active Power Ratio (PAPR), determined as a result of a profile study, comes within 15% of the Profile Active Workload Ratio (PAWR), determined by running the workload on the study computers.

• The active workload shall consist of workload fragments representative of the targeted profile.

• PAPR = Pon/Psidle

• PAWR = Pwork/Psidle

• 15% > |(PAPR - PAWR)|/PAPR (absolute values)

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WorkEnergy(Avg Pwork)

Short Idle Energy(Avg Psidle)

TworkTsidle

Long Idle Energy (Avg Pidle)

Sleep Energy(Avg Psleep)Off Energy (Avg Poff)

TsleepToff Tidle 100%

Pow

er

Pwork

Psidle

Ton

What is TEC?

TEC = (8760/1000)*(Poff*Toff + Psleep*Tsleep+ Pidle*Tidle + Psidle*Tsidle + Pwork*Twork)

100% = Toff + Tsleep + Tidle + Tsidle + Twork

Toff Represents the percent time the system annually spends in the off state. Tsleep Represents the percent time the system annually spends in the sleep.Tidle Represents the percent time the system annually spends in the on state.Tsidle Represents the percent time system is annually on and short idle (screen not

blanked)Twork Represents the percent time system is annually on and active (screen not

blanked)26

Computer States

• Off: Defined by ACPI G2/S5 state.• Sleep: Defined by an ACPI G1 state (S1, S2, S3 or S4 state) which

provides a 5 second resume latency• Long Idle: Defined as being in an on state (G0/S0 state) for 15 minutes,

performing any work, and the screen being blanked.• Short Idle: Defined as being in an on state, not being in a sleep state, not

performing any work (after a short interval of idleness), and the screen being on.

• Work: Defined as being in an on state and performing some useful work as determined by the majority profile.

WorkState(Avg Pwork)

Short Idle State(Avg Psidle)

Long Idle State (Avg Pidle)

Sleep State(Avg Psleep)Off State (Avg Poff)

Pow

er

Pwork

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Power Study

• Calculate True TEC for each machine in the studyTECtrue= (8760/1000)*(Poff*Toff + Psleep*Tsleep+ Pon*Ton)

– Where Pon is the average on power measured in the power study– Where Ton = Tidle + Tsidle + Twork

• Derived from the Duty Cycle Study

• Calculate the Estimated TEC for each machine in the studyTECestimate = (8760/1000)*[Poff*Toff + Psleep*Tsleep+ Pidle*Tidle + Psidle*(Tsidle + Twork)]

• Average the TECs and calculate the Error– %Error = [Avg(TECtrue) - Avg(TECestimate)] /Avg(TECtrue)

• If %Error < 15% then – Psidle can substitute for Pwork for that profile

• Else– Profile will require an Active workload to be created to measure Pwork

Log “On Power” (Pon) for study period on Study machines with selected profile users

Measure Poff, Psleep, Pidle, Psidle

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