1

Ecography E7176Maitner, B. S., Rudgers, J. A., Dunham, A. E. and Whitney, K. D. 2011. Patterns of bird invasion are consistent with environmental filtering. – Ecography 34: xxx–xxx.

Supplementary material

Appendix 1: Sources for dates of species extinctions. IUCN (2010). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1.

Jadwiszczak P. (2009). Penguin past: The current state of knowledge. – Pol Polar Res. 30: 3-28. Marples B.J. (1949). Vertebrate Palaeontology in New Zealand. – Tuatara. 2: 103-107. Mayr G., Hazevoet C.J., Dantas P. & Cachão M.r. (2008). A Sternum of a Very Large Bony-

Toothed Bird (Pelagornithidae) from the Miocene of Portugal. – J Vertebr Paleontol. 28: 762-769.

Milberg P. & Tyrberg T. (1993). Naive Birds and Noble Savages: A Review of Man-Caused Prehistoric Extinctions of Island Birds. – Ecography. 16: 229-250.

Scarlett R.J. (1972). Bone of a presumed odontopterygian bird from the Miocene of New Zealand. – New Zeal J Geol Geop. 15: 269-274.

Appendix 2: Regional phylogenies

Phylogenies representing the taxa (native and introduced) within the three regions included in

our study. Sub-trees are indicated in bold font followed by the page number (in parentheses) on

which the expanded sub-tree can be found. Species names listed in black are native, those in

red are exotics that have been introduced but have failed to establish, and those in green are

exotics that have been become established.

'Land Birds' (1)Charadriiformes (4)Phalacrocorax carboSula dactylatra personataSula leucogaster plotusSula sula rubripesFregata minor palmerstoniBubulcus ibisEgretta caeruleaNycticorax nycticorax hoactliPhoebastria albatrusPhoebastria immutabilisPhoebastria nigripesOceanodroma CastroOceanodroma leucorhoaOceanodroma tristramiBulweria bulweriiFulmarus glacialisPterodroma cervicalisPterodroma externaPterodroma hypoleucaPterodroma inexpectataPterodroma nigripennisPterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensisPuffinus auricularis newelliPuffinus carneipesPuffinus griseusPuffinus nativitatisPuffinus pacificus chlororhynchusPuffinus tenuirostrisFulica alaiGallinula chloropus sandvicensisPorphyrio porphyrioPorzana palmeriPorzana sandwichensisAerodramus bartschiCollocalia vanikorensisColumba liviaGeotrygon montanaCaloenas nicobaricaChalcophaps indicaGallicolumba luzonicaGeopelia cuneataGeopelia humeralisGeopelia striataGeophaps lophotesGeophaps plumiferaGeophaps smithiiLeptotila verreauxiLeucosarcia melanoleucaPhaps chalcopteraStreptopelia chinensisStreptopelia decaoctoZenaida asiaticaZenaida macrouraPterocles exustusPhaethon lepturusPhaethon rubricauda rothschildiPhoenicopterus ruberPodilymbus podicepsGalloanserae (5)Nothoprocta perdicaria

Hawaii Master Tree

Hawaii

Passerida (2)Rhipidura leucophrys

Chasiempis sandwichensis bryani

Chasiempis sandwichensis ibidis

Chasiempis sandwichensis ridgwayi

Chasiempis sandwichensis sandwichensis

Chasiempis sandwichensis sclateri

Grallina cyanoleuca

Corvus hawaiiensis

Urocissa erythrorhyncha

Chaetoptila angustipluma

Moho apicalis

Moho bishopi

Moho braccatus

Moho nobilis

Psittacula krameri

Platycercus adscitus

Agapornis roseicapillis

Amazona ochrocephala

Amazona viridigenalis

Ara macao

Brotogeris jugularis

Eclectus roratus

Eolophus roseicapilla

Melopsittacus undulatus

Myiopsitta monachus

Nandayus nenday

Cacatua galerita

Cacatua moluccensis

Falco rusticolus

Falco peregrinus

Tyto alba

Asio frammeus sandwichensis

Buteo solitarias

Pandion haliaetus

Hawaii 1

9-Primaried Oscines (3)Amandava amandavaEstrilda astrildEstrilda caerulescensEstrilda melpodaEstrilda troglodytesLagonosticta senegalaLonchura cantansLonchura malaccaLonchura oryzivoraLonchura punctulataUraeginthus angolensisUraeginthus bengalusUraeginthus cyanocephalaPasser domesticusVidua macrouraAcrocephalus familiaris familiarisAcrocephalus familiaris kingiGarrulax albogularisGarrulax caerulatusGarrulax canorusGarrulax chinensisGarrulax pectoralisLeiothrix luteaZosterops japonicusCettia diphonePycnonotus caferPycnonotus jocosusAlauda arvensisMelanocorypha mongolicaParus variusAcridotheres tristisGracula religiosaMimus polyglottosCyanoptila cyanomelanaErithacus akahigeErithacus komadoriCopsychus malabaricusCopsychus saularisMyadestes lanaiensis lanaiensisMyadestes lanaiensis ruthaMyadestes myadestinusMyadestes obscurusMyadestes palmeriMyadestes woahensisHawaii 2

Drepanis funereaDrepanis pacificaHemignathus ellisianus ellisianusHemignathus ellisianus lanaiensisHemignathus ellisianus procerusHemignathus flavusHemignathus kauaiensisHemignathus lucidus affinisHemignathus lucidus hanapepeHemignathus lucidus lucidusHemignathus munroiHemignathus obscurusHemignathus parvusHemignathus sagittirostrisHemignathus virens virensHemignathus virens wilsoniLoxops caeruleirostrisLoxops coccineus coccineusLoxops coccineus ochraceusLoxops coccineus wolstenholmeiOreomystis bairdiOreomystis manaParoreomyza flammeaParoreomyza maculataParoreomyza montana montanaParoreomyza montana newtoniSerinus leucopygiusSerinus mozambicusTelespiza cantansTelespiza ultimaCarpodacus mexicanusChloridops konaCiridops annaDysmorodrepanis munroiHimatione sanguinea freethiiHimatione sanguinea sanguineaLoxioides bailleuiMelamprosops phaeosomaPalmeria doleiPseudonestor xunthophrysPsittirostra psittaceaRhodacanthis JavicepsRhoducanthis palmeriVestiaria coccineaSturnella loycaSturnella neglectaParoaria capitataParoaria coronataParoaria dominicanaSicalis flaveolaTiaris olivaceaCardinalis cardinalisPasserina cirisPasserina cyaneaPasserina leclancherii

Hawaii 3

Arenaria interpres

Calidris acuminata

Calidris alba

Calidris alpina

Calidris mauri

Calidris minutillaCalidris melanotos

Gallinago gallinago

Heteroscelus incanus

Limnodromus griseus

Limnodromus scolopaceus

Limosa lapponica

Numenius tahitiensis

Phalaropus tricolor

Philomachus pugnax

Tringa flavipes

Anous minutus melanogenys

Anous stolidus pileatus

Gygis alba rothschildi

Larus argentatus

Larus atricilla

Larus delawarensis

Larus glaucescens

Larus novaehollandiae

Larus philadelphia

Procelsterna cerulea saxarilis

Stercorarius pomarinus

Sterna antillarum

Sterna fuscata oahuensis

Sterna lunata

Sterna paradisaea

Turnix varia

Charadrius semipalmatus

Pluvialis fulva

Pluvialis squatarola

Himantopus mexicanus knudseni

Hawaii 4

Colinus virginianusCallipepla californicaCallipepla douglasiiCallipepla gambeliiCallipepla squamataCyrtonyx montezumaeOreortyx pictusCoturnix chinensisCoturnix japonicaCoturnix pectoralisGallus gallusGallus sonneratiiRollulus rouloulAlectoris barbaraAlectoris chukarAmmoperdix griseogularisBambusicola thoracicaChrysolophus amherstiaeChrysolophus pictusFrancolinus adsperusFrancolinus clappertoniFrancolinus erckeliiFrancolinus francolinusFrancolinus icterorhynchusFrancolinus leucosepusFrancolinus pintadeanusFrancolinus pondicerianusLophura leucomelanosLophura nycthemeraMeleagris gallopavoPavo cristatusPerdix perdixPhasianus colchicusSyrmaticus reevesiiSyrmaticus soemmerringiiTympanuchus cupidoTympanuchus phasianellusNumida meleagrisCrax rubraOrtalis cinereicepsPenelope purpurascensAnas acutaAnas americanaAnas clypeataAnas creccaAnas discorsAnas laysanensisAnas platyrhynchosAnas platyrhynchos domesticAnas querquedulaAnas wyvillianaAythya afinisAythya collarisAythya marilaBranta berniclaBranta canadensisBranta sandvicensisBucephala albeolaChen canagicaCygnus olorDendrocygna bicolorNeochen jubata

Hawaii 5

'Land Birds' + Charadriiformes (1) 'Water Birds' (4)Grus rubicundusFulica atraGallinula tenebrosaGallinula ventralisGallirallus australisPorphyrio mantelliPorphyrio porphyrioPorzana pusillaPorzana tabuensisRallus modestusRallus pectoralisRallus philippensisCuculus pallidusCuculus saturatusCacomantis flabelliformisChrysococcyx lucidusEudynamys orientalisEudynamys taitensisScythrops novaehollandiaeApus pacificusHirundapus caudacutusColumba liviaHemiphaga novaeseelandiaeLeucosarcia melanoleucaOcyphaps lophotesOena capensisPhaps chalcopteraStreptopelia bitorquataStreptopelia chinensisStreptopelia decaoctoStreptopelia roseogriseaPterocles alchataPhaethon lepturusPhaethon rubricaudaPodiceps cristatusPoliocephalus poliocephalusPoliocephalus rufopectusTachybaptus novaehollandiaeGalloanserae (6)Apteryx australisApteryx haastiiApteryx oweniiDromaius novaehollandiae

New Zealand Master Tree

New Zealand

Acanthisitta chlorisTraversia lyalliXenicus gilviventrisXenicus longipesPasserida + Corvoidea (2)Philesturnus carunculatusCallaeas cinereaHeteralocha acutirostrisNotiomystis cinctaMalurus cyaneusAnthochaera carunculataAnthornis melanuraManorina melanocephalaProsthemadera novaeseelandiaeGerygone albofrontataGerygone igataPlatycercus elegansPlatycercus eximiusCyanoramphus auricepsCyanoramphus novaezelandiaeCyanoramphus unicolorNestor meridionalisNestor notabilisStrigops habroptilusCacatua galeritaFalco cenchroidesFalco novaeseelandiaeFalco subnigerDacelo novaeguineaeHalcyon sanctaEurystomus orientalisTyto albaAthene noctuaNinox novaeseelandiaeSceloglaux albifaciesCircus approximansMilvus migransLari + Scolopaci (3)Charadrius bicinctusCharadrius hiaticulaCharadrius leschenaultiiCharadrius melanopsCharadrius mongolusCharadrius obscurusCharadrius ruficapillusCharadrius veredusAnarhynchus frontalisErythrogonys cinctusPluvialis apricariaPluvialis dominicaPluvialis fulvaPluvialis squatarolaThinornis novaeseelandiaeVanellus milesVanellus vanellusRecurvirostra novaehollandiaeHimantopus himantopusHimantopus novaezelandiaeHaematopus chathamensisHaematopus ostralegusHaematopus unicolor

New Zealand 1

Acanthis cannabinaAcanthis flammeaAcanthis flavirostrisCarduelis carduelisCarduelis chlorisCarduelis spinusFringilla coelebsFringilla montifringillaPyrrhula pyrrhulaSerinus canariusEmberiza cirlusEmberiza citrinellaEmberiza hortulanaAnthus novaeseelandiaeEmblema guttataLonchura castaneothoraxPasser montanusPasser domesticusPrunella modularisBowdleria punctataBowdleria rufescensZosterops lateralisHirundo arielHirundo nigricansHirundo tahiticaPycnonotus caferAlauda arvensisSturnus vulgarisAcridotheres tristisTurdus merulaTurdus philomelosErithacus rubeculaPetroica australisPetroica macrocephalaPetroica traversiCoracina novaehollandiaeLalage tricolorMohoua albicillaMohoua novaeseelandiaeMohoua ochrocephalaGymnorhina tibicenArtamus personatusArtamus superciliosusRhipidura fulginosaRhipidura fuliginosaRhipidura leucophrysCorvus frugilegusTurnagra capensisGrallina cyanoleucaMonarcha melanopsisMyiagra cyanoleuca

New Zealand 2

Arenaria interpresBartramia longicaudaCalidris acuminataCalidris albaCalidris alpinaCalidris bairdiiCalidris canutusCalidris ferrugineaCalidris fusicollisCalidris mauriCalidris melanotosCalidris minutaCalidris ruficollisCalidris subminutaCalidris tenuirostrisCoenocorypha aucklandicaCoenocorypha pusillaGallinago hardwickiiLimicola falcinellusLimnodromus semipalmatusLimosa haemasticaLimosa lapponicaLimosa limosaMicropalama himantopusNumenius madagascariensisNumenius minutusNumenius phaeopusNumenius tahitiensisPhalaropus fulicariusPhalaropus lobatusPhalaropus tricolorPhilomachus pugnaxTringa brevipesTringa flavipesTringa hypoleucosTringa incanaTringa nebulariaTringa stagnatilisTringa terekRostratula benghalensisGlareola maldivarumCatharacta maccormickiCatharacta skuaStercorarius longicaudusStercorarius parasiticusStercorarius pomarinusAnous stolidusAnous tenuirostrisChlidonias hybridaChlidonias leucopterusGelochelidon niloticaGygis albaLarus bulleriLarus dominicanusLarus novaehollandiaeLarus pipixcanProcelsterna ceruleaSterna albifronsSterna albostriataSterna anaethetusSterna bergiiSterna caspiaSterna fuscataSterna hirundoSterna paradisaeaSterna striataSterna vittata

New Zealand 3

Anhinga melanogasterLeucocarbo atricepsLeucocarbo campbelliLeucocarbo carunculatusLeucocarbo chalconotusLeucocarbo colensoiLeucocarbo onslowiLeucocarbo ranfurlyiPhalacrocorax carboPhalacrocorax melanoleucosPhalacrocorax sulcirostrisPhalacrocorax variusStictocarbo featherstoniStictocarbo punctatusMorus capensisMorus serratorSula dactylatraSula leucogasterFregata arielFregata minorArdea novaehollandiaeArdea pacificaBotaurus poiciloptilusBubulcus ibisEgretta albaEgretta garzettaEgretta intermediaEgretta sacraIxobrychus minutusIxobrychus novaezelandiaeNycticorax caledonicusPlegadis falcinellusThreskiornis moluccaPlatalea flavipesPlatalea regiaPelecanus conspicillatusProcellariiformes (5)Aptenodytes forsteriAptenodytes patagonicusEudyptes chrysocomeEudyptes chrysolophusEudyptes pachyrhynchusEudyptes robustusEudyptes sclateriEudyptula minorMegadyptes antipodesPygoscelis adeliaePygoscelis antarcticaPygoscelis papuaSpheniscus magellanicus

New Zealand 4

Diomedea bulleriDiomedea cautaDiomedea chlororhynchosDiomedea chrysostomaDiomedea epomophoraDiomedea exulansDiomedea immutabilisDiomedea melanophrysDiomedea nigripesPhoebetria fuscaPhoebetria palpebrataFregetta grallariaFregetta tropicaOceanodroma leucorhoaPelagodroma marinaPelecanoides urinatrixPelecanoides georgicusBulweria bulweriiCalonectris diomedeaDaption capenseFulmarus glacialoidesHalobaena caeruleaLugensa brevirostrisMacronectes giganteusMacronectes halliPachyptila belcheriPachyptila crassirostrisPachyptila desolataPachyptila IlligerPachyptila salviniPachyptila turturPachyptila vittataPagodroma niveaProcellaria aequinoctialisProcellaria cinereaProcellaria parkinsoniProcellaria westlandicaPseudobulweria rostrataPterodroma albaPterodroma axillarisPterodroma cervicalisPterodroma externaPterodroma inexpectataPterodroma lessoniiPterodroma leucopteraPterodroma longirostrisPterodroma macropteraPterodroma magentaePterodroma mollisPterodroma neglectaPterodroma nigripennisPterodroma pycroftiPterodroma solandriPuffinus assimilisPuffinus bulleriPuffinus carneipesPuffinus creatopusPuffinus gaviaPuffinus griseusPuffinus huttoniPuffinus nativitatisPuffinus pacificusPuffinus puffinusPuffinus tenuirostrisThalassoica antarcticaOceanites oceanicusOceanites nereis

New Zealand 5

Colinus virginianusCallipepla californicaCoturnix australisCoturnix coturnixCoturnix pectoralisCoturnix ypsilophorusGallus gallusAlectoris barbaraAlectoris graecaAlectoris rufaLophura nycthemeraMeleagris gallopavoOreotyx pictusPavo cristatusPedioecetes phasianellusPerdix perdixPhasianus colchicusSyrmaticus reevesiiTetrao tetrixTympanuchus cupidoNumida meleagrisAnas acutaAnas aucklandicaAnas castaneaAnas clypeataAnas gracilisAnas penelopeAnas platyrhynchosAnas rhynchotisAnas superciliosaAythya australisAythya ferinaAythya fuligulaAythya novaeseelandiaeAnser anserAnser caerulescensMalacorhynchus membranaceusMergus australisOxyura australisAix sponsaAlopochen aegyptiacusBranta canadensisCairina moschataCereopsis novaehollandiaeChenonetta jubataCnemiornis calcitransCnemiornis gracilisCygnus atratusCygnus olorDendrocygna eytoniHymenolaimus malacorhynchosTadorna tadornoidesTadorna variegata

New Zealand 6

'Land Birds' (1)Charadriiformes (9)'Water Birds' (11)Musophaga violaceaTauraco schalowiTauraco corythaixGruiformes + Cuculiformes (13)Streptoprocne zonarisAeronautes saxatalisChaetura pelagicaChaetura vauxiTachornis phoenicobiaAmazilia yucatanensisArchilochus colubrisArchilochus alexandriCalliphlox evelynaeCalypte annaCynanthus latirostrisHylocharis leucotisSelasphorus platycercusSelasphorus rufusSelasphorus sasinStellula calliopeCaprimulgus carolinensisCaprimulgus vociferusChordeiles acutipennisChordeiles minorChordeiles gundlachiiColumba liviaEctopistes migratoriusGeotrygon montanaGeotrygon chrysiaGeopelia cuneataLeptotila verreauxiPatagioenas squamosaPatagioenas leucocephalaPatagioenas fasciataStreptopelia decaoctoStreptopelia risoriaStreptopelia chinensisZenaida asiaticaZenaida auritaZenaida macrouraColumbina passerinaColumbina incaPhaethon lepturusPhaethon aethereusPhoenicopterus chilensisPhoenicopterus ruberAechmophorus occidentalisPodiceps auritusPodiceps grisegenaPodiceps nigricollisPodilymbus podicepsTachybaptus dominicusGalloanserae (14)Nothura maculosa

Florida Master Tree

Florida

Passeriformes (2)Psittacidae (8)Falco tinnunculusFalco sparveriusFalco columbariusFalco peregrinusCaracara cheriwayCeryle torquataMegaceryle alcyonRamphastos sulfuratusRamphastos citrolaemusRamphastos tocoColaptes auratusDryocopus pileatusCampephilus principalisMelanerpes erythrocephalusMelanerpes aurifronsMelanerpes carolinusPicoides pubescensPicoides villosusPicoides borealisSphyrapicus variusBucorvus abyssinicusTockus nasutusAceros undulatusCeratogymna brevisTyto albaAegolius acadicusAsio otusAsio flammeusAthene cuniculariaBubo virginianusBubo scandiacaOtus flammeolusOtus asioStrix variaPulsatrix perspicillataButeo lineatusButeo platypterusButeo brachyurusButeo swainsoniButeo albonotatusButeo regalisButeo lagopusButeo jamaicensisAccipiter striatusAccipiter cooperiiAccipiter gentilisAquila chrysaetosButeogallus anthracinusButeogallus urubitingaChondrohierax uncinatusCircus cyaneusElanoides forficatusElanus leucurusGeranospiza caerulescensGyps sp.Haliaeetus leucocephalusIctinia mississippiensisParabuteo unicinctusRostrhamus sociabilisPandion haliaetusCathartes auraSarcoramphus papaCoragyps atratus

Florida 1

Passerida (3)Vireo griseusVireo crassirostrisVireo belliiVireo flavifronsVireo solitariusVireo gilvusVireo philadelphicusVireo olivaceusVireo flavoviridisVireo altiloquusLanius ludovicianusAphelocoma coerulescensCorvus brachyrhynchosCorvus ossifragusCorvus splendensCorvus albicollisCorvus coraxCyanocitta cristataCyanocorax yncasCyanocorax caeruleusPica hudsoniaContopus cooperiContopus sordidulusContopus virensContopus caribaeusEmpidonax hammondiiEmpidonax flaviventrisEmpidonax virescensEmpidonax alnorumEmpidonax trailliiEmpidonax minimusMyiarchus cinerascensMyiarchus crinitusMyiarchus tyrannulusMyiarchus sagraeSayornis nigricansSayornis phoebeSayornis sayaElaenia sp.Legatus leucophaiusMyiodynastes luteiventrisPyrocephalus rubinusPitangus sulphuratusTyrannus melancholicusTyrannus vociferansTyrannus verticalisTyrannus tyrannusTyrannus dominicensisTyrannus caudifasciatusTyrannus forficatusTyrannus savanaPitta guajana

Florida 2

Bombycilla cedrorumRegulus calendulaRegulus satrapaPasseroidea (4)Garrulax pectoralisLeiothrix luteaHirundo rusticaPetrochelidon pyrrhonotaPetrochelidon fulvaProgne subisProgne cryptoleucaProgne elegansRiparia ripariaStelgidopteryx serripennisTachycineta bicolorTachycineta albilineaTachycineta cyaneoviridisHypsipetes madagascariensisPycnonotus jocosusEremophila alpestrisBaeolophus bicolorPoecile carolinensisSitta canadensisSitta carolinensisSitta pusillaCistothorus platensisCistothorus palustrisSalpinctes obsoletusThryomanes bewickiiThryothorus ludovicianusTroglodytes aedonTroglodytes troglodytesPolioptila caeruleaCerthia americanaAcridotheres tristisAcridotheres cristatellusAcridotheres fuscusGracula religiosaLamprotornis superbusMino dumontiiSturnus vulgarisDumetella carolinensisMimus polyglottosMimus gundlachiiOreoscoptes montanusToxostoma rufumToxostoma curvirostreLuscinia megarhynchosCatharus fuscescensCatharus minimusCatharus bicknelliCatharus ustulatusCatharus guttatusHylocichla mustelinaIxoreus naeviusMyadestes townsendiOenanthe oenantheSialia sialisSialia currucoidesTurdus migratoriusTurdus plumbeus

Florida 3

Irena puella

'9-Primaried Oscines' (5)

Anthus rubescens

Anthus spragueii

Motacilla alba

Amandava amandava

Estrilda melpoda

Lonchura nana

Lonchura cantans

Lonchura cucullata

Lonchura punctata

Lonchura malacca

Lonchura atricapilla

Lonchura maja

Padda oryzivora

Taeniopygia subflava

Uraeginthus bengalus

Passer domesticus

Passer luteus

Euplectes franciscanus

Euplectes orix

Euplectes afer

Euplectes ardens

Ploceus velatus

Ploceus cucullatus

Vidua macroura

Florida 4

Carduelis chlorisCarduelis carduelisCarpodacus purpureusCarpodacus mexicanusCoccothraustes vespertinusLoxia curvirostraSerinus mozambicusSpinus pinusSpinus tristisAgelaius phoeniceusAgelaius humeralisDolichonyx oryzivorusEuphagus carolinusEuphagus cyanocephalusGymnostinops montezumaIcterus spuriusIcterus cucullatusIcterus bullockiiIcterus galbulaIcterus icterusIcterus pectoralisMolothrus bonariensisMolothrus aeneusMolothrus aterQuiscalus quisculaQuiscalus majorSturnella magnaSturnella neglectaXanthocephalus xanthocephalusParulidae (6)Emberizidae (7)Cardinalis cardinalisGuiraca caeruleaPasserina amoenaPasserina versicolorPasserina cyaneaPasserina cirisPheucticus ludovicianusPheucticus melanocephalusPiranga rubraPiranga olivaceaPiranga ludovicianaSpiza americanaCyanerpes cyaneusLoxigilla violaceaMelopyrrha nigraParoaria coronataParoaria gularisSicalis flaveolaSpindalis zenaThraupis episcopusTiaris canorus

Florida 5

Dendroica petechiaDendroica pensylvanicaDendroica magnoliaDendroica tigrinaDendroica caerulescensDendroica coronataDendroica coronata auduboni groupDendroica nigrescensDendroica chrysopariaDendroica virensDendroica townsendiDendroica fuscaDendroica dominicaDendroica pinusDendroica kirtlandiiDendroica discolorDendroica palmarumDendroica castaneaDendroica striataDendroica ceruleaGeothlypis trichasHelmitheros vermivoraIcteria virensLimnothlypis swainsoniiMniotilta variaOporornis formosusOporornis agilisOporornis philadelphiaOporornis tolmieiParula americanaProtonotaria citreaSeiurus aurocapillaSeiurus noveboracensisSeiurus motacillaSetophaga ruticillaVermivora pinusVermivora bachmaniiVermivora chrysopteraVermivora peregrinaVermivora celataVermivora ruficapillaWilsonia citrinaWilsonia pusillaWilsonia canadensis

Florida 6

Aimophila aestivalis

Ammodramus savannarum

Ammodramus henslowii

Ammodramus leconteii

Ammodramus nelsoni

Ammodramus caudacutus

Ammodramus maritimus

Amphispiza bilineata

Calamospiza melanocorys

Calcarius lapponicus

Calcarius ornatus

Chondestes grammacus

Coereba flaveola

Junco hyemalis

Melospiza melodia

Melospiza lincolnii

Melospiza georgiana

Passerculus sandwichensis

Passerella iliaca

Pipilo chlorurus

Pipilo maculatus

Pipilo erythrophthalmus

Plectrophenax nivalis

Pooecetes gramineus

Spizella arborea

Spizella passerina

Spizella pallida

Spizella pusilla

Tiaris olivaceus

Tiaris bicolor

Zonotrichia albicollis

Zonotrichia querula

Zonotrichia leucophrys

Zonotrichia atricapilla

Florida 7

Conuropsis carolinensisAgapornis roseicollisAgapornis fischeriAgapornis personatusAmazona albifronsAmazona pretreiAmazona ventralisAmazona viridigenalisAmazona finschiAmazona autumnalisAmazona festivaAmazona barbadensisAmazona farinosaAmazona aestivaAmazona oratrixAmazona ochrocephalaAmazona auropalliataAmazona amazonicaAnodorhynchus hyacinthinusAra severaAra militarisAra chloropteraAra macaoAra araraunaAratinga acuticaudataAratinga holochloraAratinga rubritorquisAratinga wagleriAratinga finschiAratinga erythrogenysAratinga leucophthalmusAratinga mitrataAratinga chloropteraAratinga solstitialisAratinga weddelliiAratinga canicularisAratinga aureaAratinga pertinaxBrotogeris jugularisBrotogeris sanctithomaeBrotogeris versicolurusBrotogeris chiririCacatua goffiniCacatua galeritaCacatua moluccensisCacatua albaCyanoliseus patagonusDiopsittaca nobilisEclectus roratusEos borneaLorius garrulusMelopsittacus undulatusMyiopsitta monachusNandayus nendayNymphicus hollandicusPionites melanocephalaPionus maximilianiPionus senilisPoicephalus rueppelliiPoicephalus senegalusPropyrrhura auricollisPsephotus haematonotusPseudeos fuscataPsittacula eupatriaPsittacula krameriPsittacula cyanocephalaPsittacula roseataPsittacula columboidesPsittacula alexandriPsittacus erithacusPyrrhura frontalisPyrrhura molinaeRhyncopsitta terrisiTrichoglossus ornatusTrichoglossus haematodusTrichoglossus chlorolepidotusEolophus roseicappilus

Florida 8

Scolopaci + Lari (10)

Charadrius vociferus

Charadrius mongolus

Charadrius leschenaultii

Charadrius alexandrinus

Charadrius wilsonia

Charadrius semipalmatus

Charadrius melodus

Charadrius montanus

Pluvialis squatarola

Pluvialis dominica

Vanellus vanellus

Vanellus chilensis

Himantopus mexicanus

Recurvirostra americana

Haematopus palliatus

Florida 9

Actitis maculariusAphriza virgataArenaria interpresBartramia longicaudaCalidris canutusCalidris albaCalidris pusillaCalidris mauriCalidris minutillaCalidris fuscicollisCalidris bairdiiCalidris melanotosCalidris acuminataCalidris maritimaCalidris alpinaCalidris ferrugineaCalidris himantopusGallinago delicataLimnodromus griseusLimnodromus scolopaceusLimosa limosaLimosa haemasticaLimosa lapponicaLimosa fedoaNumenius phaeopusNumenius americanusPhalaropus tricolorPhalaropus lobatusPhalaropus fulicariusPhilomachus pugnaxScolopax minorTringa solitariaTringa melanoleucaTringa nebulariaTringa semipalmataTringa flavipesTryngites subruficollisStercorarius maccormickiStercorarius pomarinusStercorarius parasiticusStercorarius longicaudusAlca tordaAlle alleBrachyramphus perdixFratercula arcticaUria lomviaAnous stolidusAnous minutusChlidonias nigerGeochelidon niloticaHydroprogne caspiaLarus philadelphiaLarus cirrocephalusLarus ridibundusLarus minutusLarus atricillaLarus pipixcanLarus belcheriLarus heermanniLarus delawarensisLarus californicusLarus argentatusLarus argentatus vegaeLarus thayeriLarus glaucoidesLarus fuscusLarus schistisagusLarus hyperboreusLarus marinusOnychoprion fuscataOnychoprion anaethetusXema sabiniRissa tridactylaRynchops nigerSterna dougalliiSterna hirundoSterna paradisaeaSterna forsteriSternula antillarumThalasseus maximaThalasseus sandvicensisThalasseus elegans

Florida 10

Pelecaniformes + Ciconiiformes (12)

Thalassarche chlororhynchos

Oceanodroma leucorhoa

Oceanodroma castro

Calonectris diomedea

Fulmarus glacialis

Pterodroma hasitata

Puffinus gravis

Puffinus griseus

Puffinus tenuirostris

Puffinus puffinus

Puffinus lherminieri

Oceanites oceanicus

Gavia immer

Gavia stellata

Gavia pacifica

Florida 11

Anhinga anhinga

Phalacrocorax carbo

Phalacrocorax brasilianus

Phalacrocorax auritus

Morus bassanus

Sula dactylatra

Sula leucogaster

Sula sula

Fregata magnificens

Ardea herodias

Ardea alba

Botaurus lentiginosus

Bubulcus ibis

Butorides virescens

Egretta thula

Egretta caerulea

Egretta tricolor

Egretta rufescens

Ixobrychus exilis

Nyctanassa violacea

Nycticorax nycticorax

Eudocimus albus

Eudocimus ruber

Platalea ajaja

Platalea leucorodia

Plegadis falcinellus

Plegadis chihi

Threskiornis aethiopicus

Pelecanus occidentalis

Pelecanus erythrorhynchos

Pelecanus onocrotalus

Pelecanus rufescens

Ciconia abdimii

Ciconia episcopus

Ciconia ciconia

Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus

Mycteria americana

Florida 12

Aramus guarauna

Grus canadensis

Grus antigone

Grus americana

Balearica regulorum

Balearica pavonina

Aramides cajanea

Coturnicops noveboracensis

Fulica americana

Gallinula chloropus

Laterallus jamaicensis

Porphyrio martinica

Porphyrio cajanea

Porzana carolina

Rallus longirostris

Rallus elegans

Rallus limicola

Coccyzus americanus

Coccyzus minor

Coccyzus erythropthalmus

Crotophaga sulcirostris

Crotophaga ani

Florida 13

Colinus virginianus

Callipepla squamata

Gallus gallus

Alectoris chukar

Bonasa umbellus

Chrysolophus pictus

Chrysolophus pictus x amherstiae

Francolinus francolinus

Meleagris gallopavo

Pavo cristatus

Perdix perdix

Phasianus colchicus

Numida meleagris

Anatidae (15)

Florida 14

Anas platyrhynchosAnas streperaAnas penelopeAnas americanaAnas rubripesAnas fulvigulaAnas discorsAnas cyanopteraAnas clypeataAnas bahamensisAnas acutaAnas creccaAnas crecca creccaAnas poecilorhynchosAnas luzonicaAnas hottentotaAix sponsaAix galericulataAlopochen aegypticusAythya americanaAythya valisineriaAythya collarisAythya marilaAythya affinisAnser albifronsAnser cygnoidesAnser fabalisAnser anserAnser indicaBranta berniclaBranta hutchinsiiBranta canadensisBucephala albeolaBucephala clangulaCairina moschataCallonetta leucophrysChen caerulescensChen rossiiClangula hyemalisCoscoroba coscorobaCygnus columbianusCygnus olorCygnus atratusCygnus buccinatorCygnus cygnusDendrocygna autumnalisDendrocygna bicolorDendrocygna arboreaDendrocygna viduataHistrionicus histrionicusLophodytes cucullatusMelanitta perspicillataMelanitta fuscaMelanitta nigraMergus merganserMergus serratorNeochen jubataNetta rufinaNetta peposacaNettapus coromandelianusNomonyx dominicusSomateria spectabilisSomateria mollissimaTadorna ferrugineaTadorna tadornaOxyura jamaicensisFlorida 15

E7176 Appendix 2.pdfAppendix 2 cover letter sm edit.pdfCombined Phylogenies.pdfHawaii Phylogeny.pdfHawaii master tree.pdf'Land Birds' (1).pdfPasserida(2).pdf9-primaried oscinces (3).pdfCharadriiformes (4).pdfGalloanserae (5).pdf

New Zealand Phylogeny.pdfNZ Master tree.pdf'Land Birds' + Charadriiformes (1).pdfPasserisa + Corvoidea (2).pdfLari + Scolopaci (3).pdf'Water Birds' (4).pdfProcellariiformes (5).pdfGalloanserae (6).pdf

Florida Phylogeny.pdfFL Master Tree.pdf'Land Birds' (1).pdfPasseriformes (2).pdfPasserida (3).pdfPasseroidea (4).pdf'9-Primaried Oscines' (5).pdfParulidae (6).pdfEmberizidae (7).pdfPsittacidae (8).pdfCharadriiformes (9) .pdfScolopaci + Lari (10).pdf'Water Birds' (11).pdfPelecaniformes + Ciconiiformes (12).pdfGruiformes + Cuculiformes (13).pdfGalloanserae (14).pdfAnatidae (15).pdf