ecological succession - go...
TRANSCRIPT
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Ecological Succession
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What is Succession?
• Ecological Succession: the series of changes in an ecosystem when one community is replaced by another community as a result of changes in bioticand abiotic factors• Can regenerate a damaged community • Can create a community in a previously uninhabited area •Occurs in all types of ecosystems (forests, ponds, coral reefs, etc)
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Primary Succession
•Primary Succession: the process of creating and developing an ecosystem in an area that was previously uninhabited• Examples of uninhabited areas:
• Sides of volcanoes
• Sites of glacier recession
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Primary Succession
•Occurs in areas with no soil
• Is a very slow process
• The process of primary succession starts with the arrival of living things such as lichens and mosses that do not need soil to survive
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Primary Succession
• These first species are called pioneer species
•Pioneer species: the first organisms to live in a previously uninhabited area
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1. Pioneer species move into an unoccupied area
• The pioneer species help create soil by breaking down the rock particles into smaller and smaller pieces
• As lichen and mosses die, they decompose and add small amounts of nutrients to the rock particles, creating soil
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•During this early stage of succession there are not many habitats so not many organisms are found in the environment
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2. Once there is enough soil and nutrients, small plants such as flowers, ferns, and grasses grow
• These plants help to further break down the rocks and add nutrients to the soil when they die and decompose
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3. The small plants create habitats for small animals like insects and small mammals
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•Over time, as animals die and decompose, their bodies add nutrients to the soil allowing larger plant species to populate the area
• Larger animals follow the larger plants
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•Eventually, a mature community is formed, this mature community is called a climax community
• A climax community is a community that is able to maintain itself for long periods of time with few changes in the species that populate it
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Primary Succession
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Secondary Succession • Secondary Succession: the process of repairing a
damaged ecosystem
•Occurs in areas where the soil was left intact
• Examples of events that damage ecosystems: • Natural disasters • Human activities • Death of organisms
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Secondary Succession • Is typically a much faster process than primary
succession because there is already soil
• Secondary succession is a never ending process
•Any disturbance in an ecosystem results in secondary succession starting over
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Secondary Succession • Looks very similar to primary succession but does not
require soil forming pioneer species
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Secondary Succession • If an ecosystem is frequently disturbed it will not be
able to support large trees and animals so it will consist of the animals typical of the early stages of succession