ecology trophic levels

8/2/2019 Ecology Trophic Levels

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Ecology


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Abiotic Factors: non-living parts of an

environment.Example: rocks, water, air

Biotic Factors: living, or once living,

parts of an environment.

Example: leaves, trees, organisms


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EcologyThe study of

interactions betweenorganisms and their

environments.


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PopulationAll the members of the

same species that livein the same area.


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CommunityDifferent populations

that live in the samearea and interact with

each other.


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HabitatThe area where an

organism lives.


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EcosystemA community of living

things and its physicalenvironment.

Example: lake, coral

reef swamp forest


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Biome Groups of ecosystems

that make up a largergeographical area.

Example: desert, tropical

rainforest, grassland


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Biosphere

The area of the earth

where life exists.


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Trophic Levels


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The Sun

Ultimate source of energy for almost all

organisms

Energy from the sun enters an ecosystem

when a plant uses sunlight to make sugar

molecules: photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O + solar energy C6H12O6 + 6O2


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Cellular Respiration

The breaking down of food to yield energy.

Cells absorb energy and use it to break

down food into energy.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy


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Meat eating

animals alsoget energy

from plants,

butindirectly.


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Producer

Makes its own food

through

photosynthesis.

Example: grasses,

ferns, trees, algae


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Consumers

Organisms which eat other organisms to

obtain energy.

1. Primary Consumer: eats producers

2. Secondary Consumer: eats primary

consumers.

3. Tertiary Consumer: eat secondary

consumers


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Classes of Consumers

Herbivore: plant-

eating; eat

producers
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DG


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Carnivore: meat-eating; eat other consumers
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DG


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Omnivore: plant &

meat eating; eat

producers &consumers.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DG


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Herbivore

Energy comes

from producers.

Example: cow,sheep, deer,

grasshoppers
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DG


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Carnivore

Get energy

from other

consumers. Example:

lions, hawks,

spiders, sharks,whales
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DG


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Omnivore

Get energy from both

producers and

consumers Example: bears, pigs,

gorillas, rats,

cockroaches, humans
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DG


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Decomposer

Breaks down dead

organisms in an

ecosystem and returnsnutrients to soil, water,

and air.

Examples: fungi andbacteria
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DG


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Deep Ocean Ecosystems

Photosynthesis

cannot occur here.

Bacteria here use

hydrogen sulfide as

energy source, and

act as producers for

other deepdwelling

organisms.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DG


27/34

Energy Transfer

Each time an organisms eats another

organisms, energy transfer occurs.

Food chains, food webs, and trophic levels

tell us how energy transfer occurs.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DG


28/34

Food Chains Food chain: sequence in which energy is

transferred from one organism to another.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DG


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Food Webs

Show many

feeding

relationshipsthat are possible

in an ecosystem.


30/34

Trophic Levels

Each step in the transfer of energy through a

food web or chain.

Each time energy is transferred from onelevel to another, some energy is lost as heat

and less energy is available for organisms at

the next level.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/Larva10.jpg&imgrefurl=http://bio.joensuu.fi/herbivore/&h=1079&w=686&sz=36&tbnid=sp335mH9b9YJ:&tbnh=150&tbnw=95&hl=en&start=5&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dherbivore%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGWYA,GWYA:2005-08,GWYA:en%26sa%3DG


31/34


32/34

10% Rule 90% of the energy at each trophic level is

used to carry out functions of living.

Only 10% is available to the next trophic

level.


33/34

Energy Pyramids

A way to

visualize the

loss of energyfrom one

trophic level to

the next.


34/34

Energy Loss Fewer organisms at the top of the food

chain

Energy loss limits the number of trophic

levels. Rarely does an ecosystem have morethan 4-5 levels.

ecology trophic levels

Documents