ecology unit - ms. coleman's classroom website · 2018-09-06 · ecology unit . ecology •...
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ECOLOGY
UNIT
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Ecology
• Study of
interactions
between
organisms and
their
environment
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Biotic Factors
• “Bio” means
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Biotic Factors
• “Bio” means life
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Biotic Factors
• “Bio” means life
• Biotic factors:
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Biotic Factors
• “Bio” means life
• Biotic factors: Living things (organisms)
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Biotic Factors
Flower
Tiger
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Biotic Factors
Mold
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Abiotic Factors
• “A” means
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Abiotic Factors
• “A” means against, opposite
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Abiotic Factors
• “A” means against, opposite
• Abiotic factors:
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Abiotic Factors
• “A” means against, opposite
• Abiotic factors: Non-living things (physical
things)
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Abiotic Factors
Water
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Abiotic Factors
Precipitation
Climate
Amount of sunlight Oxygen
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Abiotic Factors
Shelter
Beehive
Beaver Dam
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Individual: one organism in an area
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Population: a group of a single type of
organism living in one area
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Community: populations of different
organisms living in one area
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Ecosystem: all of the living and non-
living things in one area.
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Biome: all ecosystems in an area
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Biosphere: includes all of Earth
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Habitat
• A specific place where an organism lives
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Niche • Niche: The role an organism plays in its
environment.
What is the lion’s
niche? (What is the
lion’s role in the
ecosystem?)
1. What is eats
2. Where it lives
3. How it interacts with other
organisms
4. How it reproduces
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What is the niche of the clown fish?
1.What does it eat?
2.Where does it
live?
3.How does it
interact with other
organisms?
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• Autotrophs/ Producers:
• Make their own food in
the form of glucose
• (auto = self)
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Examples: algae, trees, grass,
phytoplankton
Plants Algae
Phytoplankton
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• Heterotrophs/Consumers:
Hetero = different
•Must eat other organisms in order to
obtain energy and nutrients
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Herbivores: Animals that only eat
plants
• Examples: cows, rabbits, squirrels
Cow
Rabbit Squirrel
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– Omnivore: Animals that eat both plants and
animals
• Examples: bears, humans,
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Carnivores: Animals that only eat other
animals
• Examples: Sharks, lions, raccoons,
vultures.
Shark
Lion
Raccoon
Vulture
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Decomposer: Break down dead/organic
material. Recycle nutrients back into the soil.
• Examples: Fungus (mushroom), bacteria
Fungus Bacteria
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Food Chains
• Use the organisms to construct a food chain
• Draw the Arrows:
Grass Insect Bird Fox
Where does the initial energy come from?
How does each organism obtain their energy?
This is a food chain
A food chain is a sequence in which energy is
transferred from one organism to the next as each
organism eats another organism
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Food Webs
• Food webs are interconnected food chain
that show many feeding relationships
hawk
Bird snake
mouse insect
seeds pine tree
- The arrows show the FLOW OF
ENERGY
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Food Webs Energy flows
in one
direction. Which
direction?
Energy flows
from
producers to
herbivores to
carnivores to
decomposers
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Factors that affect stability
Food webs are
more stable than
food chains
because
organisms have
more than one
food source in a
food web
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Factors that effect stability
• Removing or
adding
organisms in
food web can be
harmful to the
stability of the
ecosystems.
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ENERGY PYRAMID
Each level is
called a
trophic level
• The autotrophs
form the basis
of the pyramid
and are the
primary
producers.
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• The next level is
heterotrophs that
consume the
autotrophs and
are the primary
consumers.
Generally, 10%
of the energy is
based from one
level to the next.
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• The secondary
consumers are
carnivores who
eat the
herbivores
• The tertiary
consumers are
also carnivores
who eat the
secondary
consumers
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• Decomposers that break down the
remains of plants and animals also figure
into pyramid of energy.
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10% LAW
• According to the law, during the transfer of
organic food from one trophic level to the
next, only about ten percent of the energy
in each organism is transferred to the next
level. The remaining is lost during transfer
or broken down for energy by the
organism.