economic challenges of the digitalisation in the public sector.v01 · 2020. 1. 27. · blocks such...

Economic challenges of the digitalisation in the public sector

PIP 2014-2016

Anexo I: Fichas de Proyectos y Subproyectos

INDEX:

1. European eGovernment Action Plan

2. eGovernment in the Basque Country – Main figures

3. Digitalisation and importance of data

4. Artificial Intelligence (AI), the next step

5. Cybersecurity in the Basque Country

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1. European eGovernmentAction Plan.

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1. The “digital” economy does not need as much money as a

more “traditional” one, because it circulates faster/easier

through electronic transfer. This fact would have implications

on how you measure investment in this kind of activities, but as

for the public administration itself the effect may be limited.

2. Apart from the digitalization of customer relation at large, the

risks and potential costs of hacking or fraud of public

institutions because of the expansion of such platforms may be

compared with the benefits.

5

European eGovernment Action Plan 2016-2020The digital transformation of government is a key element to the success of the Single Market;

helping to remove existing digital barriers, reduce administrative burdens and improve the quality

of interactions with government.“The industrial revolution of our

time is digital. … As companies

aim to scale up across the Single

Market, public e‐services should

also meet today's needs: be

digital, open and cross‐border by

design. The EU is the right scale

for the digital times”

― Andrus Ansip, Vice‐President

for the Digital Single Market

6

European eGovernment Action Plan 2016-2020The eGovernment Action Plan 2016‐2020 recognises this opportunity and proposes an ambitious

vision to make public administrations and public institutions in the European Union open, efficient

and inclusive, providing borderless, personalised, user‐friendly, end‐to‐end digital public services to

all citizens and businesses in the EU. It suggests that innovative approaches are used to design and

deliver better services in line with the needs and demands of citizens and businesses.

The eGovernment Action Plan identifies three policy priorities:

1. Modernising public administrations using key digital enablers (for example technical building

blocks such as CEF DSIs like eID, eSignature, eDelivery, etc.),

2. Enabling mobility of citizens and businesses by cross‐border interoperability,

3. Facilitating digital interaction between administrations and citizens/businesses for high‐quality

public services.

7

European Interoperability Framework https://ec.europa.eu/isa2/eif_en

8

https://ec.europa.eu/isa2/sites/isa/files/docs/publications/isa2_programme_presentation_by_natalia_aristimuno.pdf

European Interoperability Framework Model

9

National Interoperability Framework

The basic principles of interoperability• ORGANISATIONAL interoperability Use preferably of the

communications network of Spanish public administrations to communicate with each other and the connecting networks and interoperability nodes.

• SEMANTIC interoperability: through the data model exchangepublication, as well as those related to common infraestructures, services and applications

• TECHNICAL interoperability: through the use of standards under theconditions provided in the rules to ensure the independence in theelection, adaptability to progress and non-discrimination of peoplebecause of their choice technology

With … INFRASTRUCTURES AND COMMON SERVICES Createsthe technical standards and the instruments for interoperability

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National Interoperability Framework

Spanish Legal aspects related to digital government and interoperability

• Law 39/2015, of October 1 2015, on Common Administrative Procedure of Public Administrations

• Law 40/2015, of 1 October 2015, on the Legal Regime of the Public Sector.

These laws were published with the goal of reforming the functioning of the government and implementing a fully electronic, interconnected, transparent administration with a clear and simple structure. Establishment of Electronic Relationships in Administrative Procedures

Technical Standards for Interoperability

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• Catalogue of standards• Electronic document • Digitization of documents • Electronic file • Electronic signature policy and certificates of the administration • Intermediation protocols data• Relation of data models • Policy of electronic document management • Requirements of connection to the communications network of the Spanish

public administrations• Authentic copy procedures and conversion between electronic documents,

conversion of paper documents or other formats to electronic formats• Data model for the exchange of registration entries between Registration

Entities• Reuse of information resources • Reuse and technology transfer

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2. eGovernment in the Basque Country – Main figures.

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2019 Electronic payments on the Basque Government platform

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2019 Electronic payments on the Basque Government platform

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Evolution of electronic files in que Basque Government

Total number of files: 32.078.406Storage space: 12,54 TBUser aplications: 230

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Evolution of electronic notification to citizens and businesses

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Evolution of data intermediation in the Basque Government

‐

2.000.000

4.000.000

6.000.000

8.000.000

10.000.000

12.000.000

14.000.000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

NÚMERO DE INTECAMBIO DE DATOS

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3. Digitalisation and importance of data

19

The Economic Benefits of Open Data

The potential that data holds becomes even larger when public sector information is combined

with privately held data. Privately held data of public interest constitutes another pillar in the EU

data economy.

When released and potentially combined with Open Data, it can be an important driver of

economic, societal and environmental benefits and will most certainly play an important role in

helping Europe maintain its competitiveness in the international arena. The estimates made in the

context of the EU vision of building a European data economy underline the potential that a free

flow of data holds for economic growth across Europe. With the value of the EU data economy

expected to grow up to EUR 739 billion by 2020 (4% of the EU GDP) presented by the European

Data Market Study in May 2017, this potential is again underlined.

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https://datasetsearch.research.google.com/

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4. Artificial Intelligence (AI), the next step

24

Artificial intelligence - WEF

25

Artificial intelligence - a European approach

The objective of the European approach to artificial intelligence is to promote the development

and uptake of artificial intelligence across Europe, while ensuring that the technology is developed

and used in a way that respects European values and principles. Given that other major economies,

in particular the US and China, are supporting artificial intelligence, it is essential to ensure that

European citizens and companies can both benefit from the technology and shape the way it

develops.

26

Artificial intelligence - a European approach

Artificial intelligence is a strategic technology that can bring tremendous opportunities. At the

same time, it has distinct characteristics that raise specific challenges in terms of governance, and

in relation to the safety and liability of devices and systems equipped with it. These characteristics

include autonomy (e.g. performing tasks in complex environments without constant guidance),

opacity ('black‐box‐effect') and the ability to improve performance by learning from experience.

While the promise of artificial intelligence systems is that they will spot patterns in the data and

will make decisions faster than humans do, the risk is that they may make inappropriate decisions,

and that the reasoning behind those decisions may not be known. This raises concerns related to

liability, discrimination and transparency, which should be addressed in a regulatory framework.

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Cybersecurity in the Basque Country

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5. Cybersecurity in the Basque Country

30

Cybersecurity in the EU and the BCSCNew technology adoption has entailed not only the digital transformation of society, public organisations and businesses, but also the emergence of new threats and risks.

In order to minimise the impact of new threats and risks on the EU, the European Commission has launched a cybersecurity strategy aimed at promoting the European values of freedom and democracy as well as safeguarding the safe growth of the digital economy. To this end, the EU has recently passed the Network and Information Systems Directive (known as NIS Directive) among other regulations and directives, to boost the cyber‐resilience of IT systems, reducing the impact of criminal activity on the internet while strengthening the international EU cybersecurity and cyber defence policy.

Furthermore, the General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (hereinafter, GDPR) passed on 27th April by the European Parliament provides a new legal framework regarding data protection for the entire EU. The GDPR reinforces privacy principles and regulates new rights for data subjects and new obligations for data controllers, all on the basis of a new accountability and proactive responsibility principle which imposes high diligence duty of care upon organisations involved in operations entailing personal data processing.

Against this backdrop, the Basque Country, is heading towards a more cohesive, increased security and resilience social model. The Basque CyberSecurity Centre (BCSC) dependent on the Basque Government Department of Economic Development and Infrastructures.

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Cybersecurity in the EU and the BCSC

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