economic land reforming

8/11/2019 Economic Land Reforming

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What do you understand by the term land Reforms? Discuss the impact of land Reformson the economy of Pakistan?

ORDiscuss the economic and social effects of the land reforms in Pakistan?

OR What are the effects of various land reforms in Pakistan on our economy?

INTRODUCTIONThe expression land Reform includes measure for eliminating the undesirables features ofland tenure system and making land a more efficient means of economic development. Land is astate subject. The Central Govt. only can introduce land Reforms and implements them.

Meaning of Land ReformsLand Reforms are the law or arrang ement which are made to eliminate large concentration ofland ownership, consolidation of land into economic holdings, adjust landlord-tenant relation and

provide various supplementary services to strengthen the institutional structure of Agriculture OR

Land Reforms are the measure which are taken by the central Govt. to redistribute theownership of land in favor of tillers of Soil, provide security to tenants, and promise equality ofstatus and opportunity to different sections of the rural population

Objectives Land ReformsThe following are the objectives of land Reforms:

Land Reforms promote equality & justice These provide Employment These help to restore rural urban migration It increase the productivity of agriculture sector Elimination of large estates

Instrument of Land ReformsThere are three main instruments of land reforms:

1. Land RedistributionThese involve breaking up of exiting land holding which leads to change in scale of ownership.

2. Tenancy ReformsIt leads to improvements in tenancy conditions with no change in the distribution or ownershipof land.

3. Land SettlementIt involve the release of state land for settlement, the opening up of new land for settlement orthe resettlement of land abandoned by farmer owner

Measure of Land Reforms Land Reforms include following measures:

Taking over the ownership of land on the basis of compensation. Planning limitation on future acquiring of land by certain classes of people
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Tenancy Reforms are introduced which aim at reduce rents, giving security to tenantagainst eviction and giving them opportunity to acquire permanent rights over land by

payment of fixed compensation.

LAND REFORMS INTRODUCED IN PAKISTAN

1. Muslim League Land Reforms 1948Muslim League Land Reforms Committee 1948 submitted recommendations to the Govt. forreducing land ownership ceiling and improving tenancy conditions in the country. Theserecommendations could not be implemented due to dominance of landlords in Muslim League.According to this policy, a land lord cannot have more than 150 acres of canal irrigated land, 300acres of semi irrigated and 450 acres of barani land.

2. Land Reforms 1958Late Muhammad Ayub Khan (Field Marshall) also took a few modest steps to reduce the landholding of feudal and provide security to the tenants. The problems of reducing ownership of

land and improving the tenancy condition of farmers were, how ere, more or less selved due tothe powerful lobby of the landlords. According to these land reforms a person could not havemore than either 500acres of canal irrigated land or 1000 acres of un-irrigated land?

3. Land Reforms 1972Late Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto also introduces land reforms in 1972 and further in 1977. These

reforms were very thorough and impressive. Howre, these could not be implemented in theirtrue spirit. The landlords have more or less succeeded in retaining the possession of their landson ground or the other. In this policy, the ceiling on land ownership was reduced to 150 acres inthe case of irrigated land & 300 acres in case of un-irrigated land.

ADVANTAGES/IMPACT OF LAND REFORMINGThe various land reforms introduced particularly from 1958 to 1977 have a far reaching effect onour social political and economic life. Following are the important advantages of the landreforms:

1. Tenants Rights of Ownership :- This right was accepted first time and more the tenant is taking greater interest in increasing the

production of land. Because occupancy has got the right of ownership of land2. Reduction in the Size of Land Holding :- The big landlords size of land holding has been reduced due to the land reforms.3. Improvement in Agriculture :-

Now the landlords are taking keen interest in their land due to small holdings. They are using themodern inputs to increase the production.4. Advantage of Consolidation :- Due to the consolidation of land our farmer is using the land more efficiently and it has increasedthe per acre yield.5. Elimination of Big Landlords Superiority :- The land reforms have greatly reduced the superiority of big landlords and it has reduced theunequal distribution of wealth in the country.


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6. No Further Division :- The limit of economic holding and subsistence holding is fixed in the land reforms. So there will

be no further division of land.7. Relief From Exploitation :-

Now the tenants are relieved of the exploitation of the big landlords. They cannot be ejected easily. Now they are not under the influence in the election days.8. Relief from Tax Burden :- Due to these reforms tenants have relieved of the burden of taxes because various taxconcessions have been given in these reforms to the tenants and main taxes will be born by thelandlords.9. Increase in Middle Income Group :- The number of middle income group will increase which is more mobile independent and

progressive. They would be in a better position to take advantage of education and healthfacilities provided by the government.10. Changes in Politics :-

Now the influence of big landlords has been reduced and in the election people have rejectedmany big landlords in various elections. So it shows that land reforms have played a significantrole in politics also.11. Increase in Aggregate Demand :- Land reforms have improved the financial condition of the farmers and due to this demand ofmanufactured goods is increasing day by day. The market of industrial goods has widened.12 Reduction in Ownership Limit :- In case of irrigated land individual land holding limit was reduced from 50 acres to 150 acres. Incase of non-irrigated land the maximum ownership limit was reduced from 1000 acres to 300acres..13. Sale of Excess Land :- Govt. will sell the acquired land to the tenants and deserving people on reasonable conditions.14. Jagirs :- Any type of Jagir, Charitable, religious and educational institutions will be abolished.15. Protection to Tenants :-Tenants illegal ejectment will be prohibited. In case of legal ejectment alternative land will be

provided.16. Proprietary Rights :- Proprietary rights with regard to giving occupancy tenants the existing law will be operative asusual. Illegal excrete by the land lords are prohibited.17. Impartiality :- In any case a joint holding with an area equal to or less than a subsistence holding shall not be

partitioned. It will be managed if a single unit.18. Free Distribution of Land :- The excess land will be acquired by the state and it will be distributed among the landless tenantsfree of charge.19. Shikargah :- The area under shikargah except historical shikargah is to be resumed by the state for thedistribution among the peasants.20. Restriction on Joint holding :-
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Government placed restriction on the partition of joint holding to stop further division of land.21. Restriction on Transfer :- Restriction were also placed on the transfer of holdings. A person holding excess land than thelimit can not transfer by sale or by gift.22. Restriction on the Tenants Ejectment :-

Restrictions were placed on the ejectment of tenants by the landlords. A tenant can not be ejectedwithout any sound reason.23. Stud and Livestock Farm Case :- The area under stud and livestock farms shall be resumed and vest in government free from andcharge whatsoever.24. Revenue Concessions :- In 1975, the government gave revenue concessions to small land owners.25. Distribution of State Land :- In 1976, all the occupancy tenants of the state land were declared the owner of the land.26. Further Reduction in Limit :- In 1977, the government announced further reduction in the limit of land ownership. The limit of

individual land holding was reduced to 100 acres of irrigated and 200 acres non-irrigated land.27. dignity and Security :- The most distinguished feature of this land reforms is that they have given the tenants dignifyand security.
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economic land reforming

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