economics 172 issues in african economic development lecture 12 february 23, 2006
TRANSCRIPT
Economics 172Issues in African Economic Development
Lecture 12
February 23, 2006
Economics 172 2
Outline:
(1) What can public policy do about HIV/AIDS in Africa?
(2) New topic: Education and economic development
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Key questions in the study of HIV/AIDS
(0) Characterizing the extent of the problem (today)
(1) What impact does HIV/AIDS have on economic development in Africa?
(2) Why does HIV/AIDS continue to spread in Africa?
(3) What can / should public policy do about HIV/AIDS?
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What can public policy do about HIV/AIDS?
(1) Testing people, inform them of their HIV status
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What can public policy do about HIV/AIDS?
(1) Testing people, inform them of their HIV status
- Positive or negative effect on unsafe sex?
- Choose unsafe sex if: S + (PHIV – P)(1 – R)V > 0
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What can public policy do about HIV/AIDS?
(1) Testing people, inform them of their HIV status
(2) Condom distribution
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What can public policy do about HIV/AIDS?
(1) Testing people, inform them of their HIV status
(2) Condom distribution
(3) Public health information campaigns (e.g., Uganda)
Economics 172 8
What can public policy do about HIV/AIDS?
(1) Testing people, inform them of their HIV status
(2) Condom distribution
(3) Public health information campaigns (e.g., Uganda)
(4) Regulate prostitution
Economics 172 9
What can public policy do about HIV/AIDS?
(1) Testing people, inform them of their HIV status
(2) Condom distribution
(3) Public health information campaigns (e.g., Uganda)
(4) Regulate prostitution
(5) Subsidies for anti-retroviral medical treatment (ARVs) (Compliance? Company profits?)
Economics 172 10
What can public policy do about HIV/AIDS?
(1) Testing people, inform them of their HIV status
(2) Condom distribution
(3) Public health information campaigns (e.g., Uganda)
(4) Regulate prostitution
(5) Subsidies for anti-retroviral medical treatment (ARVs) (Compliance? Company profits?)
(6) Development of an HIV vaccine
Economics 172 11
Outline:
(1) What can public policy do about HIV/AIDS in Africa?
(2) New topic: Education and economic development
Economics 172 12
Education and economic development
• Does education lead to higher income? OR does higher income lead to more educational investment?
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Education and economic development
• Does education lead to higher income? OR does higher income lead to more educational investment?
• Unclear macroeconomic evidence on education and growth (e.g., the case of Kenya)
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Education benefits beyond wages
(1) Women’s education and infant mortality: each additional year of schooling is associated with a 5-10% reduction in under-5 mortality
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Education benefits beyond wages
(1) Women’s education and infant mortality: each additional year of schooling is associated with a 5-10% reduction in under-5 mortality
(2) Education may improve adoption of new technologies, e.g., in agriculture, health
Economics 172 16
Education benefits beyond wages
(1) Women’s education and infant mortality: each additional year of schooling is associated with a 5-10% reduction in under-5 mortality
(2) Education may improve adoption of new technologies, e.g., in agriculture, health
(3) Educated people may make better citizens in a democracy, and be more active in civil society organizations
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Whiteboard #1
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Whiteboard #2
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Whiteboard #3
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Whiteboard #4
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Whiteboard #5
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Map of Africa