21 From the Desk of the Author22 Indian Economy : A Few Facts : At A Glance32 Important Facts Related to Indian

Economy

Some Aspects of Indian Economy

81 Underdeveloped Country81 Salient Features of Indian Economy82 Important Infrastructural Components in

India83 India Replaces Japan as World’s 3rd Largest

Economy83 Nature of Unemployment in India85 Human Development Report–201487 Unemployment Among Educated Youth is

Rising87 New Poverty Line : 32 in Villages, 47 in

Cities88 Poverty in India89 Inequality in India89 India Human Development Report-201190 Guidelines Changed for New BPL Census91 Urban Indians Spend 84% More than

Villagers : NSSO91 India Placed at 63rd Rank in Global Hunger

Index 201392 Planning Commission to Announce Block-

level Poverty Estimates92 8.8 million Households Live in Urban Slums :

NSSO92 Multidimensional Poverty Index

Mineral Resources of India

95 9.2 mt Uranium Ore Found in Meghalaya96 Mineral Policy 199397 The Mines and Minerals (Development and

Regulation) Bill, 201197 National Mineral Policy 200897 Commercial Sources of Energy97 ITER Project98 Non-conventional Sources of Energy98 Jawahar Lal Nehru National Solar Mission

(JNNSM)99 Power Generation in India

100 CEA Targets 88,537 MW Addition in 12th Plan(2012–17)

100 Planwise Power Generation Achievements FallShort of Target

100 Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPPs)101 REC Seeks German Loan for Green Power

Projects

Forest Resources of India

101 State Forest Report, 2011

National Income of India

102 Concepts of National Income103 Provisional Estimates of National Income

2013-14104 ADB Pegs India’s GDP Growth Rate at 5·5%

for 2014-15104 FICCI Projects 5·5% Growth in 2014-15105 World Bank Pegs India’s Growth at 5·5% in

2014-15105 Fiscal Deficit Narrowed to 4·47% of GDP in

FY 2014105 Methods of Measuring National Income106 Estimates of National Income in India106 PMEAC’s Economic Outlook 2013-14

Population

107 Population Touches 1·21 billion Level butGrowth Rate Declines in Census 2011

108 Census 2011 : Some Facts108 Cabinet Approves Caste Census Process111 Final Population Data 2011 Released112 National Commission on Population113 India’s Population at a Glance : 2011 (Final

Population)113 Population Policy 2000114 Occupational Classification115 UN Project 9.6 billion World Population by 2050115 Gender Disparities Declined in India116 India Registers Decline in Infant Mortality Rate116 The World will have More Indians than Chi-

nese by 2028116 Family Welfare117 Projected Indian Population Scenario After 20

Years117 National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)118 National Urban Health Mission Launched

Econ. / 4

Agriculture

120 4th Advance Estimate of Foodgrains Figuresat 264·77 MT

120 Minimum Support Price of Agriculture Pro-ducts

120 More Agencies Allowed to Procure Pulses andOilseeds

121 Macro Management of Agriculture121 Minimum Support Price for Kharif Crops 2014121 Rabi Crops MSP (Marketing Year 2014-15)

Announced121 Net Availability & Per Capita Availability of

Foodgrains122 Sugarcane FRP Raised for 2013-14122 Food Management in India123 Organic Farming123 Major Crops and their Seasons123 Horticulture124 Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)124 Agriculture Mechanisation124 Land Use125 Plantation Sector125 Commercial Crops125 23 Agricultural Commodities Exempted from

Transaction Tax126 Kisan Call Centres126 Computerisation of Land Records126 Land Reform Programmes127 TRIFED127 NAFED127 ISOPOM127 Agriculture Marketing128 Agriculture Holdings128 National Agricultural Insurance Scheme

(NAIS) 1999-2000128 New National Agricultural Policy129 Modified National Agricultural Insurance

Scheme (MNAIS)129 Krishi Shramik Suraksha Yojana129 Crop Insurance129 Farm Income Insurance Scheme130 Green Revolution in India131 Field Trials of GM Crops Allowed131 Coconut Palm Insurance Scheme (CPIS)131 Seed Sector132 Seed Crop Insurance132 Seed Bank132 White Revolution and Operation Flood in

India132 Animal Husbandry and Dairy : Highlights133 Fisheries Sector133 First Robotic Dairy Plant Opened by Amul133 Yellow Revolution134 Use of Fertilizers134 Fertilizer Consumption134 Rainfed Agro-Ecologies134 Irrigation135 National Rainfed Area Authority (NRAA)135 Command Area Development & Water Man-

agement Programme (CADWMP)

136 Agriculture Credit136 Agriculture Exports137 Agriculture Trade : WTO Agreements137 Flow of Agricultural Credit137 Interest Subvention Scheme137 Kisan Credit Card Scheme137 National Policy for Farmers 2007138 National Food Grid on Cards to Help Ease

Prices, Cut Wastage

Industry

138 New Industrial Policy139 Investment in Industrial Sector139 New Policy for Small Industries140 Wide Range Covered in New IIP with Base

2004-05141 Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (Present

Performance)142 24% Investment Cap on SSIs Removed143 Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme for Micro and

Small Enterprises143 Technology Upgradation in MSME Sector143 Rajiv Gandhi Udyami Mitra Yojana (RGUMY)143 India Inclusive Innovation Fund144 Credit Flow to Industrial Sector144 Annual Survey of Industries for 2010-11144 Agro & Rural Industries145 National Manufacturing Policy145 National Manufacturing Competitiveness

Programme145 Cotton and Textiles Industry147 National Textile Policy 2000148 TUFS Extended to 12th Plan with Double

Allocation148 Iron and Steel Industry149 Sugar Industry150 Cabinet Approves De-Control of Sugar150 Fertilizer Industry151 Cement Industry151 Jute Industry151 Paper Industry152 Coal Industry152 Tourism Industry153 Sericulture and Silk Industry153 Gems and Jewellery Industry153 Leather Industry154 Automobile Industry154 Chemical Industry154 Petroleum Industry155 Refining Capacity in India156 Marketing and Distribution of Petroleum

Products156 Coal Bed Methane157 India Hydrocarbon Vision 2025157 Green Fuels157 More Power to Maharatna and Navratna

PSUs for Overseas Buyouts

Econ. / 6

157 ‘Maharatna’ and Navratna Companies158 Mini Ratna Scheme158 Industrial Sickness158 Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs)159 Committee on Public Undertakings159 New Competition Act, 2013159 Competition Commission of India Becomes

Operational160 CCI’s Approval Required for Companies

Mergers and Acquisitions160 Disinvestment in Public Sector Undertaking160 Multinational Corporations160 Industrial Finance161 National Labour Commission

Money and Banking

163 Meaning and Organs of Money Market163 Different Stages of the Development of

Indian Banking164 Reserve Bank of India165 RBI Decides to Circulate ‘Plastic Notes’165 RBI to Withdraw Bank Notes Issued Prior to

2005166 Composition of Banking System in India166 Quantitative and Qualitative Credit Control166 Ordinance Released for Removing Minimum

Ceiling of Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)167 Selective Credit Control167 RBI takes Steps to Tighten Liquidity167 Priority Sector Lending168 Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in

India : 2012-13

168 RBI’s Bi-yearly Financial Report169 RBI’s Fresh Norms to Support Banks170 Differential Rate of Interest Scheme170 New Strategy for Rural Lending : Service

Area Approach170 RBI Recommends for Reducing Govt. State

in Banks

171 RBI for More Transparent Pricing of Loans171 RBI’s Policy Intervention172 Another Bank’s ATM Use becomes Restricted172 RBI’s Monetary Policy Review (on August 5,

2014)171 RBI Directs Banks to Cap Cash Deposit

Charges Maximum at 5172 Commercial Banks173 Govt. Directs Banks to Serve Rural Areas with

‘Ultra Small’ Branches173 Associate Banks in SBI Group173 RBI Notifies Final Guidelines on Bad Loans

for NBFCs174 RBI Relaxes Branch Opening Norms in Tier-

II Cities

174 IDFC, Bandhan Get ‘In–Principle’ Approval toSet-up Banks

174 BASEL-III became Effective w.e.f. January2013

175 RBI Makes Banks Free to Fix Base Ratesfrom July 1, 2010

175 Cheques/Drafts Valid for 3 Months Only175 Govt. Must Reduce Stake in Public Sector

Banks to Below 50% : Nayak Committee Re-port

176 RBI Provides Bank Relief on Bad Debt Provi-sion

176 Public Sector Bank’s Bad Debts Hit 9-YearHigh

176 Government Buys RBI’s Entire Stake in SBI177 Micro Finance Bill 2012177 Classification of Commercial Banks177 First Bharatiya Mahila Bank Inaugurated178 License Guidelines for Payment Banks &

Small Banks Released178 Parliament Approves Banking Amendment Bill

2012178 RBI Eases Financing Norms for Infra and Af-

fordable Housing179 Salient Features of Banking Laws (Amend-

ment) Bill, 2012179 Foreign Bank’s Operation in India179 Indian Banks Abroad180 Banks can Now Appoint NBFCs as Business

Correspondents180 RBI Paves Way for Corporate India to Enter

Banking Sector180 Establishing Local Area Banks in Private

Sector Allowed180 Co-operative Banks181 District Central Co-operative Bank (DCCB)181 Government Asks Public Sector Banks to

Open ‘Minority-Favouring’ Branches181 Regional Rural Banks182 Bill Introduced in Parliament to Raise Autho-

rised Capital of RRBs183 Financial Inclusion Agenda of RRBs183 Non-Banking Financial Institutions (NBFIs)183 Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs)183 Banking Ombudsman Scheme183 Capital Adequacy Ratio Standards for Banks

and Non-banking Financial Institutions184 Debt Recovery Tribunals184 Recovering Debts of Banks and Financial In-

stitution184 Technological Developments in Banks184 Agriculture and Rural Debt Relief Scheme

(1990)184 Damodaran Committee Submits Report on

Reforms in Banking Services

Econ. / 8

185 D-SIBs : RBI Issued Tighter Regulatory Norms185 Report of Financial Sector Legislative Reforms

Commission185 Proposed Functions of Regulatory Bod-

ies Envisaged by FSLRC186 Banking in India186 Major Recommendations of the High Level

Committee on Agricultural Credit throughCommercial Banks

187 Capital Market187 Joint Parliamentary Committee187 MIBOR and MIBID : Two New Reference

Rates of National Stock Exchange187 Chandrashekhar Committee’s Recommenda-

tions on Transfer of Shares187 Two New Share Price Indices for Mumbai

Share Market187 Commodity Futures Market188 Commodity Exchanges of India189 BSE Launches ‘Shariah Index’189 Universal Commodity Exchange Becomes

India’s 6th Commodity Exchange189 Securities and Exchange Board of India

(SEBI)189 Approved Stock Exchanges in India190 Decisions taken by SEBI for Ensuring a

Healthy Capital Market191 BSE Launches Index-based Circuit Breaker

System191 SEBI Adopts Measures to Boost Primary Mar-

ket192 SEBI Raises Retail Investors Investment Limit192 RBI Favours to Implement Mistry Report in

Phases192 Depository System in India193 Computerised ‘Online Trading’ in Share

Markets193 New Share Market MCX-SX Becomes

Operational193 Rajeev Gandhi Equity Saving Scheme

Launched193 Working Group’s Report on Development

Finance Institutions193 Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI)194 Small Industries Development Bank of India

(SIDBI)194 SIDBI (Amendment) Bill 2012 Tabled in Par-

liament194 Industrial Finance Corporation of India Ltd.

(IFCI)194 Industrial Credit and Investment Corpora-

tion of India Bank (ICICI Bank)195 National Equity Fund Scheme195 Industrial Investment Bank of India Ltd. (IIBIL)195 State Industrial Development Corporations

(SIDCs)195 State Finance Corporations195 Unit Trust of India (UTI)196 Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank)

196 RBI Provides 5,000 crore Refinance Win-dow for EXIM Bank

196 National Housing Bank (NHB)197 National Bank for Agriculture and Rural

Development (NABARD)197 Cabinet Approval for Raising NABARD’s

Authorised Capital198 India Infrastructure Finance Company Ltd.

(IIFCL)198 Rural Infrastructure Development Fund198 Establishment Years of Major Financial

Institutions in India198 Infrastructure Development Finance Com-

pany (IDFC)199 Agriculture and Rural Development Banks199 Insurance Industry in India200 Important Insurance Policies : At a Glance201 General Insurer’s Public Sector Association

of India (GIPSA)201 Entry of State Bank in Insurance Sector202 Agriculture Insurance Company of India

Limited (AICIL)202 Recommendations of Malhotra Committee for

Improving Insurance Sector203 Inflation203 Introduction of New Series of CPI (R + U)204 Deflation204 RBI Adopts CPI as New Measure of Inflation204 Money Stock Measures in India205 Cheap Money Policy and Dear Money Policy205 Retail Prices Based Three Consumer Price

Index Launched205 Inflation Indexed Bonds No Special Tax Sops

for Investors

Development, Poverty Alleviation andEmployment Generation Programmes inIndia

206 Cabinet Reduces Central Schemes Numberfrom 147 to 66

206 Inclusive Development and Social SectorProgrammes

206 Skill Development206 Rural Unemployment and Poverty Elimina-

tion Programme207 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment

Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS)208 Wage Rates under MGNREGA Raised208 Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana

(SGSY)208 National Rural Livelihood Mission—Aajeevika209 National Food for Work Programme209 Bharat Nirman Yojana Launched210 Sampoorna Grameen Rojgar Yojana (SGRY)210 Indira Awas Yojana (IAY)211 Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana

(PMGSY)

Econ. / 10

Econ. / 12

211 Drought-Prone Area Programme (DPAP)211 Desert Development Programme (DDP)211 Universal Health Insurance Scheme211 Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana

(SJSRY)211 National Urban Livelihoods Mission212 Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)212 Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY)212 Integrated Rural Development Programme

(IRDP)213 Development of Women and Children in

Rural Areas (DWCRA)213 Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (National Women

Fund)213 Supply of Improved Tool Kits to Rural Artisans

(SITRA)213 Training to Rural Youth for Self-Employment

(TRYSEM)214 Krishi Vigyan Kendra214 Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY)214 Janani Suraksha Yojana214 Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY)215 Million Wells Scheme (MWS)215 Agro-Service Centres215 National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)215 Marginal Farmers Development Agencies

(MFDA)215 Intensified Jawahar Rozgar Yojana215 Innovative and Special Employment Scheme216 Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS)216 The Sangam Yojana for the Handicapped216 CAPART216 Rural Landless Employment Guarantee

Programme (RLEGP)216 Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)217 Government Launches New Health Pro-

gramme for Adolescents217 Prime Minister’s Employment Generation

Programme (PMEGP)217 Rural Electrification in India218 Rajeev Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran Yojana

(RGGVY)218 Rajiv Gandhi Gramin LPG Vitran Yojana

(RGGLVY)218 National Rural Drinking Water Programme219 Kutir-Jyoti Programme219 Rural Sanitation : Total Sanitation Campaign

(TSC) Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA)219 National Social Assistance Programme219 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV)220 Rajeev Awas Yojana220 Aam Admi Bima Yojana (AABY)220 Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY)220 Urban Unemployment and Poverty Eradica-

tion Programme

220 Scheme for Integrated Development of Smalland Medium Towns (IDSMT)

221 Scheme of Infrastructural Development inMega Cities

221 Self-Employment to the Educated Unemp-loyed Youth (SEEUY)

221 Self-Employment Programme for the UrbanPoor (SEPUP)

221 Nehru Rozgar Yojana222 Swabhiman Scheme to Open Bank Accounts

in Villages222 Indira Gandhi Matritya Sahyog Yojana

(IGMSY)222 Pratibha Kiran Yojana222 Prime Minister’s Integrated Urban Poverty

Eradication Programme (PMIUPEP)223 Rajeev Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of

Adolescent Girls—SABLA223 Mahila Samridhi Yojana223 Urban Basic Services for the Poor (UBSP)223 Members of Parliament Local Area Develop-

ment Scheme (MPLADS)224 Twenty Point Programme (TPP)224 Jan Arogya Bima Policy224 UTI Launches ‘Micro Pension Scheme’ for

Unorganised Poor Indian Workers224 Raj Rajeshwari Mahila Kalyan Yojana224 Bhagyashree Child Welfare Bima Yojana224 Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY)224 Indira Mahila Yojana225 National Mission for Empowerment of Women225 Balwadi Nutrition Programme225 Vande Matram Scheme225 Scheme of Providing Loan for House Cons-

truction in the Rural Areas225 Primary Education : Two Flagship Pro-

grammes225 Shiksha Sahayog Yojana225 Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan226 Mid-Day Meal Scheme for School Children226 Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan226 Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA)227 Krishi Sramik Samajik Suraksha Yojana

(KSSSY-2001)227 Social Security Pilot Scheme for Labours of

Unorganised Sector228 Jan Shree Bima Yojana228 UP Launches BPL Families Financial Aid

Scheme228 LIC Launches Jeevan Arogya Health Policy228 Khadi and Village Industries Development

Scheme228 National Programme for Education of Girls at

Elementary Level (NPEGEL)229 Various Development and Employment

Programmes in India—At a Glance

Econ. / 14

Foreign Trade and Balance of Payments

232 Volume of India’s Foreign Trade232 India’s Foreign Trade : 2013-14232 India’s Trade Deficit Declines in Q1 of

2014-15233 Export Performance of India and the EDEs233 Composition of India’s Foreign Trade233 Export Growth and Composition234 Import Growth and Composition235 Direction of India’s Trade235 India’s Service Trade236 Agricultural Export Zones237 Foreign Trade Policy 2009–14237 Interest Subsidy Increased to Boost Exports238 Annual Supplementary Foreign Trade Policy

2013-14238 Govt. Announces Incentive Packages to Sup-

port Export Growth239 RBI Tightens Gold Import Norms239 Balance of Payments Position in India239 Capital Account in BoP240 Measures Taken by the Government for

Improving Balance of Payments240 Tarapore’s Report on Full Convertibility of Rupee241 Import Liberalisation241 Export Promotion Capital Goods Scheme

(EPCGS)241 Improvements in Advance Licensing241 Export Oriented Units, Export Processing Zone

and Special Economic Zone Schemes242 Special Economic Zone Act, 2005243 Risk Management System Introduced in Ex-

port Sector243 New Duty Drawback Scheme for Exports243 Export Development Centres243 Liberalisation of Foreign Investment Policy244 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)244 DIPP Released 6th Issue of Consolidated FDI

Policy245 Govt. Notifies 100% FDI in Single-brand Re-

tail245 100% FDI Policy in Pharmaceutical Sector

Released246 Cabinet Clears 49% FDI Cap for Insurance246 Mayaram Panel Recommends 9 Sectors for

49% FDI246 FDI Norms Eased for Small Scale Sector247 Govt. Releases Consolidated FDI Policy

Framework247 Plan Panel Favours More FDI Liberalisation

in 12th Plan247 Govt. Liberalises FDI Limits in 12 Sectors,

Including Telecom247 FDI Inflows into India in 2013 Rose 17% to

$ 28 billion

248 FDI in Service Sector Drops 54% During2013-14

248 Foreign Exchange Reserves in India248 Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA)248 RBI Relaxes FEMA Norms for Individuals249 Money Laundering Prevention Act249 Money Laundering Bill Introduced in Par-

liament250 External Assistance to India250 India’s External Debt Rose to US $ 426 bil-

lion (at end December 2013)251 $ 10 billion Assistance to India from ADB by

2017252 Focus Africa Programme252 NEER and REER252 India Development Forum

Transport and Communications

253 Railways254 Upgradation of Passenger Amenities255 Indian Transport Sector : An Overview255 Introduction of LHB Coaches255 Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Cor-

poration (IRCTC)255 Konkan Railway Plan256 Salient Features of the National Rail Vikas

Yojana256 The Bauddha Luxury Train in U.P.256 Maharajas Express Wins World Travel

Awards for 2nd Time256 Vivek Express Now Longest Distance Cover-

ing Train257 India to Join Trans-Asian Rail Network257 Arunachal Pradesh Now Accessible by Train257 New Rail Coach Manufacturing Unit at Kolar

in Karnataka258 Bio-toilets in All Trains in 6 Years258 Road Transport258 National Highway Development Project

(NHDP)259 Public Private Partnership in Road Projects259 Rural Roads260 Govt. Seeks $ 500 million from World Bank

for Rural Roads260 Water Transport262 Major Ports to Follow Monopoly Policy262 Sagar Mala Project262 Adani to Develop Terminal at Hazira263 Gopalpur set to be an All-weather Port263 Odisha to Develop a Port in Puri263 Air Transport264 Postal Network264 51 Low-Cost Small Airports to come up265 Airport Infrastructure265 Air Asia Begins Operation265 T2 of Mumbai Airport Inaugurated265 New Aviation Regulator with More Teeth266 International Airport Status to Five More Do-

mestic Airports

Econ. / 16

266 ‘Tata SIA Airlines Limited’ Constituted by TataGroup and Singapore Airlines

266 GAGAN Project266 New Telecom Policy 2012 Provides Nation-

wide Free Roaming267 Nation-wide Mobile Number Portability

Launched268 Fixed-line Phones to have 10-digit Number268 Gramin Sanchar Sewak Scheme (GSSS)268 Government Approves to Digitise TV Broadcast

by 2014269 Voice Mail269 Video Tax Service269 Audio Tax269 What is Paging Service ?Public Finance270 Financial Relations between Centre and States270 Service Tax271 Consolidated Funds of India and of the States271 Public Accounts of India and of the States271 Contingency Fund271 Finance Commission272 Twelfth Finance Commission272 Thirteenth Finance Commission Report274 13th Finance Commission Recommends for

Single 12% GST275 14th Finance Commission Constituted275 Recommendations of Chelliah Committee on

Tax Reforms276 115th Amendment Bill on GST Introduced in

Parliament276 Govt. Set-up Two Panels on CST Compensa-

tion and GST Design276 Kelkar Report278 Value Added Tax (VAT)278 Rangarajan Panel Proposed to Abolish Distinc-

tion between Plan and Non-Plan Expenditures278 Finances of State Governments279 Rangachary-led Panel to Review Taxation of

IT Sector279 State Level Reforms280 Union Budget, 2014-15285 Railway Budget, 2014-15290 Economic Survey, 2013-14

Economic Planning in India

293 History of Planning in India294 Planning Commission of India294 Method of Plan Formulation294 National Development Council—NDC295 First Five Year Plan295 Second Five Year Plan295 Third Five Year Plan296 Three Annual Plans296 Fourth Five Year Plan297 Fifth Five Year Plan297 Sixth Five Year Plan298 Seventh Five Year Plan

298 Eighth Five Year Plan300 Ninth Five Year Plan302 Tenth Five Year Plan304 India Vision-2020304 Eleventh Plan (2007–12)309 Vision of 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17)

International Organisations

311 International Monetary Fund (IMF)312 International Bank for Reconstruction and

Development (IBRD)314 International Fund for Agricultural Development

(IFAD)315 International Development Association (IDA)315 Rounds of GATT Negotiations315 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

(GATT)315 International Finance Corporation (IFC)316 Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency316 International Centre for Settlement of Invest-

ment Disputes316 Uruguay Round and Dunkel Proposals317 World Trade Organisation (WTO)318 Important International Organisations : A View318 First Ministerial Conference of WTO319 Second Ministerial Conference of WTO319 Third Ministerial Conference of WTO319 Fourth Ministerial Conference of WTO319 Fifth Ministerial Conference of WTO320 Sixth Ministerial Conference of WTO320 Seventh Ministerial Conference of WTO320 Eighth WTO Ministerial Conference320 Ninth WTO Ministerial Conference320 United Nations Conference on Trade and

Development (UNCTAD)321 Asian Development Bank (ADB)322 ADB’s Aid to India for Infra Development322 South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA)322 South Asian Association for Regional Co-

operation (SAARC)323 Association of South-East Asian Nations

(ASEAN)324 Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Coun-

tries (OPEC)324 G-8 (Formerly G-7)325 G-20326 G-15326 G-24326 G-77326 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and

Development (OECD)327 BRICS Nations Agree to Trade in Own

Currencies327 The European Coal and Steel Community

(ECSC)328 BENELX328 European Economic Community (EEC) or

European Common Market (ECM)

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