economy overview

8/3/2019 Economy Overview

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Economy Overview

Finland is strongly competitive in manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering,telecommunications, and electronics industries. Finland excels in high-tech exports such asmobile phones. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of rawmaterials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate,agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, animportant export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. Finland hadbeen one of the best performing economies within the EU in recent years and its banks andfinancial markets avoided the worst of global financial crisis. However, the world slowdown hitexports and domestic demand hard in 2009, with Finland experiencing one of the deepestcontractions in the euro zone, and will serve as a brake on economic growth in 2010. Theslowdown of construction, other investment, and exports will cause unemployment to rise further

from the 2009 level. The recession will leave a deep, long-lasting mark on general governmentfinances and the debt ratio. It turned previously strong public finances into deficit within a year.In the next few years, the great challenge of economic policy will be to implement a post-recession exit strategy in which measures supporting growth will be combined with generalgovernment adjustment measures. Longer-term, Finland must address a rapidly aging populationand decreasing productivity that threaten competitiveness, fiscal sustainability, and economicgrowth.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$178.9 billion (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 56$194.7 billion (2008 est.)$192.8 billion (2007 est.)note: data are in 2009 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):

$238.6 billion (2009 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

-8.1% (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 2071% (2008 est.)5.3% (2007 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):


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$34,100 (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 37$37,100 (2008 est.)$36,800 (2007 est.)note: data are in 2009 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 2.7%industry: 28.2%services: 69% (2009 est.)

Labor force:

2.678 million (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 107

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture and forestry 4.5%, industry 18.2%, construction 7.3%, commerce 15.9%, finance,insurance, and business services 14.5%, transport and communications 6.9%, public services32.7% (2008)

Unemployment rate:

8.2% (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 93

6.4% (2008 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):

19.5% of GDP (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 100

Budget:

revenues: $123.5 billionexpenditures: $129.9 billion (2009 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

0% (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 264.1% (2008 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate:


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3.51% (31 December 2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 1425.79% (31 December 2008 est.)

Stock of domestic credit:

$259.2 billion (31 December 2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 35$241.6 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Agriculture - products:

barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish

Industries:

metal and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulpand paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing

Industrial production growth rate:

-16.3% (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 159

Oil - production:

8,718 bbl/day (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 86

Natural gas - production:

NA (2008 est.)

Current account balance:

$3.444 billion (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 31$8.206 billion (2008 est.)

Exports:


Exports - commodities:


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electrical and optical equipment, machinery, transport equipment, paper and pulp, chemicals,basic metals; timber

Exports - partners:

Germany 10.32%, Sweden 9.79%, Russia 9%, US 7.85%, Netherlands 5.9%, UK 5.24%, China4.1% (2009)

Imports:


Imports - commodities:

foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel,machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, grains

Imports - partners:

Russia 16.28%, Germany 15.76%, Sweden 14.65%, Netherlands 6.99%, China 5.29%, France4.22% (2009)

Debt - external:

$364.9 billion (30 June 2009)country comparison to the world: 22$339.5 billion (31 December 2008)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:


Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:


Exchange rates:

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7338 (2009), 0.6827 (2008), 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006)


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demographic profile of finland

Population

5,259,250 (July 2011 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 16% (male 429,450/female 414,570)15-64 years: 66.1% (male 1,759,059/female 1,719,173)65 years and over: 17.8% (male 385,671/female 551,327) (2011 est.)

Median age

total: 42.5 yearsmale: 40.8 yearsfemale: 44.3 years (2011 est.)

Population growth rate

0.075% (2011 est.)

Birth rate

10.37 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)

Death rate

10.24 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)

Net migration rate

0.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 85% of total population (2010)rate of urbanization: 0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Sex ratio


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at birth: 1.04 male(s)/femaleunder 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 3.43 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 3.73 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 3.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 79.27 years

male: 75.79 yearsfemale: 82.89 years (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.73 children born/woman (2011 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.1% (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

2,600 (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

fewer than 100 (2009 est.)

Nationality

noun: Finn(s)adjective: Finnish

Ethnic groups


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Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.6%, Russian 0.5%, Estonian 0.3%, Roma (Gypsy) 0.1%, Sami 0.1%(2006)

Religions

Lutheran Church of Finland 82.5%, Orthodox Church 1.1%, other Christian 1.1%, other 0.1%,none 15.1% (2006)

Languages

Finnish (official) 91.2%, Swedish (official) 5.5%, other (small Sami- and Russian-speakingminorities) 3.3% (2007)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 100%male: 100%female: 100% (2000 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 17 yearsmale: 16 yearsfemale: 18 years (2008)

Education expenditures

5.9% of GDP (2007)

Maternal mortality rate

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2008)

Health expenditures

11.7% of GDP (2009)

Physicians density

2.735 physicians/1,000 population (2008)


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Hospital bed density

6.52 beds/1,000 population (2008)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate15.7% (2008)

Demographics of Finland

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help

improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced

material may be challenged and removed. (February 2011)

Population densities in Finland, inhabitants per square kilometre.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Finland&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Population_map_of_Finland.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Population_map_of_Finland.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Finland&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence


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This article is about the demographic features of the population ofFinland, includingpopulation density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religiousaffiliations and other aspects of the population.

Finland numbers some 5.4 million and has an average population density of 17 inhabitants per

square kilometre. This makes it the third most sparsely populated country in Europe, afterIceland andNorway. Population distribution is very uneven: the population is concentrated onthe small southwestern coastal plain. About 64% live in towns and cities, with one million livingin the Helsinki Metropolitan Area alone. In Arctic Lapland, on the other hand, there are only 2people to every square kilometre.

The country is ethnically homogeneous, the dominant ethnicitybeing Finnish people. Theofficial languages are Finnish and Swedish, the latter being the native language of about five percent of the Finnish population.[1] From the 13th to the early 19th century Finland was a part ofthe Kingdom of Sweden. The Swedish-speakers are known as Swedish-speaking Finns(finlandssvenskar in Swedish, suomenruotsalaiset in Finnish).

With 79 percent of Finns in its congregation, the Lutheran Church is the largest in the country.

The earliest inhabitants of most of the land area that makes up today's Finland and Scandinaviawere in all likehood hunter-gatherers whose closest successors in modern terms would probablybe the Sami people (formerly known as the Lapps). There are 4,500 of them living in Finlandtoday and they are recognised as a minority and speak three distinct languages:Northern Sami,Inari Sami and Skolt Sami. They have been living north of the Arctic Circle for more than 7,000years now, but today are a 5% minority in their native Lapland Province. During the late 19thand 20th century there was significant emigration, particularly from rural areas to Sweden andNorth America, while most immigrants into Finland itself come from other European countries.

Contents

[hide]

1 Populationo 1.1 Age structureo 1.2 Families

2 Vital statistics

o 2.1 Births and deaths[3]

o 2.2 Life expectancy at birtho 2.3 Total fertility rateo 2.4 Marriage

3 Migrationo 3.1 External Migrationo 3.2 Internal Migration

4 Ethnic minorities & languages
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Metropolitan_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnicityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#cite_note-Statfi-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish-speaking_Finnshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Samihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inari_Samihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolt_Samihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Circlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Age_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Familieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Vital_statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Births_and_deaths.5B3.5Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Births_and_deaths.5B3.5Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Births_and_deaths.5B3.5Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Life_expectancy_at_birthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Total_fertility_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Marriagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#External_Migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Internal_Migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Ethnic_minorities_.26_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Metropolitan_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnicityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#cite_note-Statfi-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish-speaking_Finnshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Samihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inari_Samihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolt_Samihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Circlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Age_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Familieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Vital_statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Births_and_deaths.5B3.5Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Life_expectancy_at_birthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Total_fertility_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Marriagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#External_Migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Internal_Migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Ethnic_minorities_.26_languages


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o 4.1 Samio 4.2 Gypsieso 4.3 Jewso 4.4 Russianso 4.5 Muslims

5 Religion 6 Literacy 7 See also

8 References

[edit] Population

Finnish population pyramid in 2005. Male: left, dark blue. Female: right, light blue.

Total population[1]

At the end of 2008: 5,304,840 At the end of 2009: 5,351,427 At the end of 2010: 5,375,276

[edit] Age structure

At the end of 2009.[1]

0-14 years: 16.6% (male 459,950; female 441,220) 15-64 years: 66.4% (male 1,772,600; female 1,734,450) 65 years and over: 17.0% (male 351,180; female 517,530)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Samihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Samihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Gypsieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Jewshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Russianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Muslimshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Literacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Finland&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#cite_note-Statfi-0http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Finland&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#cite_note-Statfi-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fin_population_by_age_2005.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fin_population_by_age_2005.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Samihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Gypsieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Jewshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Russianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Muslimshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Literacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Finland&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#cite_note-Statfi-0http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Finland&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#cite_note-Statfi-0


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[edit] Families

The profound demographic and economic changes that occurred in Finland after World War IIaffected the Finnish family. Families became smaller, dropping from an average of 3.6 personsin 1950 to an average of 2.7 by 1975. Family composition did not change much in that quarter of

a century, however, and in 1975 the percentage of families that consisted of a man and a womanwas 24.4; of a couple and children, 61.9; of a woman with offspring, 11.8; of a man andoffspring, 1.9. These percentages are not markedly different from those of 1950. Change wasseen in the number of children per family, which fell from an average of 2.24 in 1950 to anaverage of 1.7 in the mid-1980s, and large families were rare. Only 2 percent of families had fouror more children, while 51 percent had one child; 38 percent, two children; and 9 percent, threechildren. The number of Finns under the age of 18 dropped from 1.5 million in 1960 to 1.2million in 1980.[2]

[edit] Vital statistics

Historical populations

Year Pop. %

1750 421,000

1760 490,000 +16.4%

1770 560,000 +14.3%

1780 660,000 +17.9%

1790 706,000 +7.0%

1800 837,000 +18.6%

1810 863,000 +3.1%

1820 1,177,500 +36.4%

1830 1,372,100 +16.5%

1840 1,445,600 +5.4%

1850 1,636,900 +13.2%

1860 1,746,700 +6.7%

1870 1,768,800 +1.3%
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Finland&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#cite_note-LOC-1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Finland&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Finland&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#cite_note-LOC-1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Finland&action=edit&section=4


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1880 2,060,800 +16.5%

1890 2,380,100 +15.5%

1900 2,655,900 +11.6%

1910 2,943,400 +10.8%

1920 3,147,600 +6.9%

1930 3,462,700 +10.0%

1940 3,695,610 +6.7%

1950 4,029,800 +9.0%

1960 4,496,220 +11.6%

1970 4,598,330 +2.3%

1980 4,787,770 +4.1%

1990 4,998,480 +4.4%

2000 5,181,000 +3.7%

2010 5,365,000 +3.6%

Population size may be affected by

changes on administrative

divisions.

[edit] Births and deaths[3]

Average

population

(x 1000)

Live

birth

s

Deat

hs

Natural

change

Crude

birth rate

(per

1000)

Crude

death

rate (per

1000)

Natural

change

(per 1000)

Fertilit

y rates

190

0 2 64686

339

57

915 28 424 32.6 21.9 10.7

190

12 667

88

637

56

22532 412 33.2 21.1 12.2

190

22 686

87

082

50

99936 083 32.4 19.0 13.4
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Finland&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Finland&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Finland#cite_note-2


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190

32 706

85

120

49

99235 128 31.5 18.5 13.0

190

42 735

90

253

50

22740 026 33.0 18.4 14.7

190

52 762

87

841

52

77335 068 31.8 19.1 12.7

190

62 788

91

401

50

85740 544 32.8 18.2 14.5

190

72 821

92

457

53

02839 429 32.8 18.8 14.0

190

82 861

92

146

55

30536 841 32.2 19.3 12.9

190

92 899

95

005

50

57744 428 32.8 17.4 15.3

191

02 929

92

984

51

00741 977 31.7 17.4 14.3

191

12 962

91

238

51

64839 590 30.8 17.4 13.4

191

22 998

92

275

51

64540 630 30.8 17.2 13.5

191

33 026

87

250

51

87635 374 28.8 17.1 11.7

191

43 053

87

577

50

69036 887 28.7 16.6 12.1

191

53 083

83

306

52

20531 101 27.0 16.9 10.1

191

63 105

79

653

54

57725 076 25.7 17.6 8.1

191

73 124

81

046

58

86322 183 25.9 18.8 7.1

191

83 125

79

494

95

102-15 608 25.4 30.4 -5.0

191 3 117 63 62 964 20.5 20.2 0.3


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9 896 932

192

03 133

84

714

53

30431 410 27.0 17.0 10.0

192

1 3 170

82

165

47

361 34 804 25.9 14.9 11.0

192

23 211

80

140

49

18030 960 25.0 15.3 9.6

192

33 243

81

961

47

55634 405 25.3 14.7 10.6

192

43 272

78

057

53

44224 615 23.9 16.3 7.5

192

5 3 30478

260

47

493 30 767 23.7 14.4 9.3

192

63 339

76

875

47

52629 349 23.0 14.2 8.8

192

73 368

75

611

51

72723 884 22.5 15.4 7.1

192

83 396

77

523

48

71328 810 22.8 14.3 8.5

1929

3 424 76011

54489

21 522 22.2 15.9 6.3

193

03 449

75

236

48

24026 996 21.8 14.0 7.8

193

13 476

71

866

48

96822 898 20.7 14.1 6.6

193

23 503

69

352

46

70022 652 19.8 13.3 6.5

1933

3 526 65047

47960

17 087 18.4 13.6 4.8

193

43 549

67

713

46

31821 395 19.1 13.1 6.0


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193

53 576

69

942

45

37024 572 19.6 12.7 6.9

193

63 601

68

895

49

12419 771 19.1 13.6 5.5

193

73 626

72

319

46

46625 853 19.9 12.8 7.1

193

83 656

76

695

46

93029 765 21.0 12.8 8.1

193

93 686

78

164

52

61425 550 21.2 14.3 6.9

194

03 698

65

849

71

846-5 997 17.8 19.4 -1.6

194

13 702

89

565

73

33416 231 24.2 19.8 4.4

194

23 708

61

672

56

1415 531 16.6 15.1 1.5

194

33 721

76

112

49

63426 478 20.5 13.3 7.1

194

43 735

79

446

70

5708 876 21.3 18.9 2.4

194

53 758

95

758

49

04646 712 25.5 13.1 12.4

194

63 806

106

075

44

74861 327 27.9 11.8 16.1

194

73 859

108

168

46

05362 115 28.0 11.9 16.1

194

83 912

107

759

43

66864 091 27.5 11.2 16.4

194

93 963

103

515

44

50159 014 26.1 11.2 14.9

195

04 009

98

065

40

68157 384 24.5 10.1 14.3

195 4 047 93 40 52 677 23.0 10.0 13.0


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1 063 386

195

24 090

94

314

39

02455 290 23.1 9.5 13.5

195

3 4 139

90

866

39

925 50 941 22.0 9.6 12.3

195

44 187

89

845

37

98851 857 21.5 9.1 12.4

195

54 235

89

740

39

57350 167 21.2 9.3 11.8

195

64 282

88

896

38

71350 183 20.8 9.0 11.7

195

7 4 32486

985

40

741 46 244 20.1 9.4 10.7

195

84 360

81

148

38

83342 315 18.6 8.9 9.7

195

94 395

83

253

38

82744 426 18.9 8.8 10.1

196

04 430

82

129

39

79742 332 18.5 9.0 9.6 2,71

1961

4 461 81996

40616

41 380 18.4 9.1 9.3 2,69

196

24 491

81

454

42

88938 565 18.1 9.5 8.6 2,64

196

34 523

82

251

42

01040 241 18.2 9.3 8.9 2,65

196

44 549

80

428

42

51237 916 17.7 9.3 8.3 2,53

1965

4 564 77885

44473

33 412 17.1 9.7 7.3 2,40

196

64 581

77

697

43

54834 149 17.0 9.5 7.5 2,32


17/29

196

74 606

77

289

43

79033 499 16.8 9.5 7.3 2,24

196

84 626

73

654

45

01328 641 15.9 9.7 6.2 2,07

196

94 624

67

450

45

96621 484 14.6 9.9 4.6 1,85

197

04 606

64

559

44

11920 440 14.0 9.6 4.4 1,83

197

14 612

61

067

45

87615 191 13.2 9.9 3.3 1,70

197

24 640

58

864

43

95814 906 12.7 9.5 3.2 1,59

197

34 666

56

787

43

41013 377 12.2 9.3 2.9 1,50

197

44 691

62

472

44

67617 796 13.3 9.5 3.8 1,63

197

54 711

65

719

43

82821 891 14.0 9.3 4.6 1,71

197

64 726

66

846

44

78622 060 14.1 9.5 4.7 1,73

197

74 739

65

659

44

06521 594 13.9 9.3 4.6 1,68

197

84 753

63

983

43

69220 291 13.5 9.2 4.3 1,64

197

94 765

63

428

43

73819 690 13.3 9.2 4.1 1,64

198

04 780

63

064

44

39818 666 13.2 9.3 3.9 1,61

198

14 800

63

469

44

40419 065 13.2 9.3 4.0 1,65

198

24 827

66

106

43

40822 698 13.7 9.0 4.7 1,72

198 4 856 66 45 21 504 13.8 9.3 4.4 1,74


18/29

3 892 388

198

44 882

65

076

45

09819 978 13.3 9.2 4.1 1,71

198

5 4 902

62

796

48

198 14 598 12.8 9.8 3.0 1,64

198

64 918

60

632

47

13513 497 12.3 9.6 2.7 1,60

198

74 932

59

827

47

94911 878 12.1 9.7 2.4 1,59

198

84 946

63

316

49

06314 253 12.8 9.9 2.9 1,70

198

9 4 96463

348

49

110 14 238 12.8 9.9 2.9 1,71

199

04 986

65

549

50

02815 521 13.1 10.0 3.1 1,78

199

15 014

65

680

49

27116 409 13.1 9.8 3.3 1,81

199

25 042

66

877

49

52317 354 13.3 9.8 3.4 1,85

1993

5 066 64826

50988

13 838 12.8 10.1 2.7 1,81

199

45 088

65

231

48

00017 231 12.8 9.4 3.4 1,84

199

55 108

63

067

49

28013 787 12.3 9.6 2.7 1,81

199

65 125

60

723

49

16711 556 11.8 9.6 2.3 1,76

1997

5 140 59329

49108

10 221 11.5 9.6 2.0 1,75

199

85 153

57

108

49

2837 825 11.1 9.6 1.5 1,70


19/29

199

95 165

57

574

49

3458 229 11.1 9.6 1.6 1,74

200

05 176

56

742

49

3397 403 11.0 9.5 1.4 1,73

200

15 188

56

189

48

5507 639 10.8 9.4 1.5 1,73

200

25 201

55

555

49

4186 137 10.7 9.5 1.2 1,72

200

35 213

56

630

48

9967 634 10.9 9.4 1.5 1,76

200

45 228

57

758

47

60010 158 11.0 9.1 1.9 1,80

200

55 246

57

745

47

9289 817 11.0 9.1 1.9 1,80

200

65 266

58

840

48

06510 775 11.2 9.1 2.0 1,84

200

75 289

58

729

49

0779 652 11.1 9.3 1.8 1,83

200

85 313

59

350

49

09410 256 11.2 9.2 1.9 1,85

200

95 339

60

430

49

88310 547 11.3 9.3 2.0 1,86

201

05 374

60

980

50

88710 103 11.4 9.5 1.9 1,88

[edit] Life expectancy at birth

Yea

r

Mal

es

Femal

es

Both

sexes

198

670.5 78.7 74.7

199

673.0 80.5 76.8
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200

675.8 82.8 79.4

200

876.3 83.0 79.7

200

976.5 83.1 79.8

[edit] Total fertility rate

1.85 children born/woman in 2008, 1.86 in 2009[4]

[edit] Marriage

Attitudes toward marriage have changed substantially since World War II. Most obvious was thedeclining marriage rate, which dropped from 8.5 marriages per 1,000 Finns in 1950 to 5.8, in1984, a decline great enough to mean a drop also in absolute numbers. In 1950 there were 34,000marriages, while in 1984 only 28,500 were registered, despite a growth in population of 800,000.An explanation for the decline was that there was an unprecedented number of unmarriedcouples. Since the late 1960s, the practice of cohabitation had become increasingly common, somuch so that by the late 1970s most marriages in urban areas grew out of what Finns called"open unions." In the 1980s, it was estimated that about 8 percent of couples who lived together,approximately 200,000 people, did so without benefit of marriage. Partners of such unionsusually married because of the arrival of offspring or the acquisition of property. A result of thefrequency of cohabitation was that marriages were postponed, and the average age for marriage,which had been falling, began to rise in the 1970s. By 1982 the average marriage age was 24.8years for women and 26.8 years for men, several years higher for both sexes than had been true adecade earlier.

The overwhelming majority of Finns did marry, however. About 90 percent of the women hadbeen married by the age of forty, and spinsterhood was rare. A shortage of women in ruralregions, however, meant that some farmers were forced into bachelorhood.

While the number of marriages was declining, divorce became more common, increasing 250percent between 1950 and 1980. In 1952 there were 3,500 divorces. The 1960s saw a steadyincrease in this rate, which averaged about 5,000 divorces a year. A high of 10,191 was reachedin 1979; afterwards the divorce rate stabilized at about 9,500 per year during the first half of the1980s.

A number of factors caused the increased frequency of divorce. One was that an increasinglysecularized society viewed marriage, more often than before, as an arrangement that could beended if it did not satisfy its partners. Another reason was that a gradually expanding welfaresystem could manage an ever greater portion of the family's traditional tasks, and it made couplesless dependent on the institution of marriage. Government provisions for parental leave, childallowances, child care programs, and much improved health and pension plans meant that the
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family was no longer essential for the care of children and aged relatives. A further cause forweakened family and marital ties was seen in the unsettling effects of the Great Migration and inthe economic transformation Finland experienced during the 1960s and the 1970s. The rupture ofestablished social patterns brought uncertainty and an increased potential for conflict intopersonal relationships. [2]

[edit] Migration

[edit] External Migration

Demographic movement in Finland did not end with the appearance of immigrants from Swedenin the Middle Ages. Finns who left to work in Swedish mines in the sixteenth century began a

national tradition, which continued up through the 1970s, of settling in their neighboring country.During the period of tsarist rule, some 100,000 Finns went to Russia, mainly to the St. Petersburgarea. Emigration on a large scale began in the second half of the nineteenth century when Finns,along with millions of other Europeans, set out for the United States and Canada. By 1980Finland had lost an estimated 400,000 of its citizens to these two countries.

A great number of Finns emigrated to Sweden after World War II, drawn by that country'sprosperity and proximity. Emigration began slowly, but, during the 1960s and the second half ofthe 1970s, tens of thousands left each year for their western neighbor. The peak emigration yearwas 1970, when 41,000 Finns settled in Sweden, which caused Finland's population actually tofall that year. Because many of the migrants later returned to Finland, definite figures cannot be

calculated, but all told, an estimated 250,000 to 300,000 Finns became permanent residents ofSweden in the postwar period. The overall youthfulness of these emigrants meant that the qualityof the work force available to Finnish employers was diminished and that the national birth rateslowed. At one point, every eighth Finnish child was born in Sweden. Finland's Swedish-speaking minority was hard hit by this westward migration; its numbers dropped from 350,000 toabout 300,000 between 1950 and 1980. By the 1980s, a strong Finnish economy had brought anend to large-scale migration to Sweden. In fact, the overall population flow was reversed becauseeach year several thousand more Finns returned from Sweden than left for it.[2]
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[edit] Internal Migration

However significant the long-term effects of external migration on Finnish society may havebeen, migration within the country had a greater impact--especially the migration which tookplace between the end of World War II and the mid-1970s, when half the population moved from

one part of the country to another. Before World War II, internal migration had first been acenturies-long process of forming settlements ever farther to the north. Later, however,beginning in the second half of the nineteenth century with the coming of Finland's tardyindustrialization, there was a slow movement from rural regions toward areas in the south whereemployment could be found.

Postwar internal migration began with the resettlement within Finland of virtually all theinhabitants of the parts of Karelia ceded to the Soviet Union. Somewhat more than 400,000persons, more than 10 percent of the nation's population, found new homes elsewhere in Finland,often in the less settled regions of the east and the north. In these regions, new land, which theycleared for farming, was provided for the refugees; in more populated areas, property was

requisitioned. The sudden influx of these settlers was successfully dealt with in just a few years.One of the effects of rural resettlement was an increase in the number of farms during thepostwar years, a unique occurrence for industrialized nations of this period.

It was, however, the postwar economic transformation that caused an even larger movement ofpeople within Finland, a movement known to Finns as the Great Migration. It was a massivepopulation shift from rural areas, especially those of eastern and northeastern Finland, to theurban, industrialized south). People left rural regions because the mechanization of agricultureand the forestry industry had eliminated jobs. The displaced work force went to areas whereemployment in the expanding industrial and service sectors was available. This movement beganin the 1950s, but it was most intense during the 1960s and the first half of the 1970s, assuming

proportions that in relative terms were unprecedented for a country outside the Third World. TheGreat Migration left behind rural areas of abandoned farms with reduced and aging populations,and it allowed the creation of a densely populated postindustrial society in the country's south.

The extent of the demographic shift to the south can be shown by the following figures. Between1951 and 1975, the population registered an increase of 655,000. During this period, the smallprovince of Uusimaa increased its population by 412,000, growing from 670,000 to 1,092,00;three-quarters of this growth was caused by settlers from other provinces. The populationincrease experienced by four other southern provinces, the Aland Islands, Turku ja Pori, Hame,and Kymi, taken together with that of Uusimaa amounted to 97 percent of the country's totalpopulation increase for these years. The population increase of the central and the northern

provinces accounted for the remaining 3 percent. Provinces that experienced an actual populationloss during these years were in the east and the northeast-Pohjois-Karjala, Mikkeli, and Kuopio.

One way of visualizing the shift to the south would be to draw a line, bowing slightly to thenorth, between the port cities of Kotka on the Gulf of Finland and Kaskinen on the Gulf ofBothnia. In 1975 the territory to the south of this line would have contained half of Finland'spopulation. Ten years earlier, such a line, drawn farther to the north to mark off perhaps 20percent more area, would have encompassed half the population. One hundred years earlier, half
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the population would have been distributed throughout more than twice as much territory.Another indication of the extent to which Finns were located in the south was that by 1980,approximately 90 percent of them lived in the southernmost 41 percent of Finland.[2]

[edit] Ethnic minorities & languages

No official statistics are kept on ethnicities. However, statistics of the Finnish populationaccording to language and citizinship are available.

The Finnish and Swedish languages are defined as languages of the state. Additionally, Swedishis an official municipal language in municipalities with significant Swedish-speakingpopulations. The three Sami languages (North Sami, Inari Sami,Skolt Sami) are official incertain municipalities of Lapland.

Finnish people Finns speak the Finnish language, which the dominant language and isspoken almost everywhere in the country. Native Finnish speakers are otherwise recognized as

an ethnicity.

Population of mainland Finland (excluding Aland) according to language, 1990-2010 [1]

Language 1990 2000 2010

Finnish4,674,0

95

4,787,2

59

4,856,5

29

Swedish 273,495267,488265,982

Sami 1,734 1,734 1,832

Foreign

languages:24,550 98,858 222,926

Russian 3,884 28,179 54,546

Estonian 1,394 10,153 28,355

Somali 0 6,454 12,985

English 3,518 6,850 12,758

Arabic 1,133 4,875 10,379

The classification of the Swedish-speakers as an ethnicity is controversial. The government onlyconsiders the "working language", Finnish or Swedish, of the person, and "bilinguality" has noofficial standing. Significant populations of Swedish-speakers are found in coastal areas, fromOstrobothnia to the southern coast, and in the archipelago ofland. Coastal cities, however, are
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majority Finnish-speaking, with a few small towns as exceptions. There are very few Swedish-speakers in the inland.

[edit] Sami

For more details on this topic, see Sami people.

The oldest known inhabitants of Finland are the Sami, who were already settled there when theFinns arrived in the southern part of the country about 2,000 years ago. The Sami were distantlyrelated to the Finns, and both spoke a non-Indo- European language belonging to the Finno-Ugric family of languages. Once present throughout the country, the Sami gradually movednorthward under the pressure of the advancing Finns. As they were a nomadic people in asparsely settled land, the Sami were always able to find new and open territory in which tofollow their traditional activities of hunting, fishing, and slash-and-burn agriculture. By thesixteenth century, most Sami lived in the northern half of the country, and it was during thisperiod that they converted to Christianity. By the nineteenth century, most of them lived in theparts of Lapland that were still their home in the 1980s. The last major shift in Sami settlement

was the migration westward of 600 Skolt Sami from the Petsamo region after it was ceded to theSoviet Union in 1944. A reminder of their eastern origin was their Orthodox faith; the remaining85 percent of Finland's Sami were Lutheran.

About 90 percent of Finland's 4,400 Sami lived in the municipalities of Enonteki, Inari, andUtsjoki, and in the reindeer herding-area of Sodankyla. According to Finnish regulations, anyonewho spoke the Lapp language, Sami, or who had a relative who was a Lapp, was registered as aLapp in census records. Finnish Sami spoke three Sami dialects, but by the late 1980s perhapsonly a minority actually had Sami as their first language. Lapp children had the right toinstruction in Sami, but there were few qualified instructors or textbooks available. One reasonfor the scarcity of written material in Sami is that the three dialects spoken in Finland made

agreement about a common orthography difficult. Perhaps these shortcomings explained why a1979 study found the educational level of Sami to be considerably lower than that of other Finns.

Few Finnish Sami actually led the traditional nomadic life pictured in school geography texts andin travel brochures. Although many Sami living in rural regions of Lapland earned some of theirlivelihood from reindeer herding, it was estimated that Sami owned no more than one-third ofFinland's 200,000 reindeer. Only 5 percent of Finnish Sami had the herds of 250 to 300 reindeerneeded to live entirely from this kind of work. Most Sami worked at more routine activities,including farming, construction, and service industries such as tourism. Often a variety of jobsand sources of income supported Lapp families, which were, on the average, twice the size of atypical Finnish family. Sami also were aided by old-age pensions and by government welfare,

which provided a greater share of their income than it did for Finns as a whole.

There have been many efforts over the years by Finnish authorities to safeguard the Sami' cultureand way of life and to ease their entry into modern society. Officials created bodies that dealtwith the Lapp minority, or formed committees that studied their situation. An early body was theSociety for the Promotion of Lapp Culture, formed in 1932. In 1960 the government created theAdvisory Commission on Lapp Affairs. The Sami themselves formed the Samii Litto in 1945and the Johti Sabmelazzat, a more aggressive organization, in 1968. In 1973 the government
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arranged for elections every four years to a twentymember Sami Parlamenta that was to adviseauthorities. On the international level, there was the Nordic Sami Council of 1956, and there hasbeen a regularly occurring regional conference since then that represented--in addition toFinland's Sami-- Norway's 20,000 Sami, Sweden's 10,000 Sami, and the 1,000 to 2,000 Samiwho remained in the Kola Peninsula in Russia.[2]

[edit] Gypsies

For more details on this topic, see Finnish Kale.

Gypsies, also called Kale and Roma, have been present in Finland since the second half of thesixteenth century. With their unusual dress, unique customs, and specialized trades for earningtheir livelihood, Gypsies have stood out, and their stay in the country has not been an easy one.They have suffered periodic harassment from the hands of both private citizens and publicofficials, and the last of the special laws directed against them was repealed only in 1883. Evenin the second half of the 1980s, Finland's 5,000 to 6,000 Gypsies remained a distinct group,separated from the general population both by their own choice and by the fears and the

prejudices many Finns felt toward them.

Finnish Gypsies, like gypsies elsewhere, chose to live apart from the dominant societal groups. AGypsy's loyalty was to his or her family and to Gypsies in general. Marriages with non-Gypsieswere uncommon, and the Gypsies' own language, spoken as a first language only by a few in the1980s, was used to keep outsiders away. An individual's place within Gypsy society was largelydetermined by age and by sex, old males having authority. A highly developed system of valuesand a code of conduct governed a Gypsy's behavior, and when Gypsy sanctions, violent or not,were imposed, for example via "blood feuds," they had far more meaning than any legal or socialsanctions of Finnish society.

Unlike the Lapps, who lived concentrated in a single region, the Gypsies lived throughoutFinland. While most Lapps wore ordinary clothing in their everyday life, Gypsies could beidentified by their dress; the men generally wore high boots and the women almost alwaysdressed in very full, long velvet skirts. Like most Lapps, however, Gypsies also had largelyabandoned a nomadic way of life and had permanent residences. Gypsy men had for centuriesworked as horse traders, but they had adapted themselves to postwar Finland by being active ashorse breeders and as dealers in cars and scrap metal. Women continued their traditional tradesof fortune telling and handicrafts.

Since the 1960s, Finnish authorities have undertaken measures to improve the Gypsies' standardof life. Generous state financial arrangements have improved their housing. Their low

educational level (an estimated 20 percent of adult Gypsies could not read) was raised, in part,through more vocational training. A permanent Advisory Commission on Gypsy Affairs was setup in 1968, and in 1970 racial discrimination was outlawed through an addition to the penalcode. The law punished blatant acts such as barring Gypsies from restaurants or shops orsubjecting them to unusual surveillance by shopkeepers or the police.[2]
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[edit] Jews

There are about 1,300 Jews in Finland, 800 of whom live in Helsinki and most of the remainderlive in Turku. During the period of Swedish rule, Jews had been forbidden to live in Finland.Once the country became part of the Russian Empire, however, Jewish veterans of the tsarist

army had the right to settle anywhere they wished within the empire. Although constrained bylaw to follow certain occupations, mainly those connected with the sale of clothes, the Jewishcommunity in Finland was able to prosper, and 1890 it numbered about 1,000. Finnishindependence brought complete civil rights, and during the interwar period there were some2,000 Jews in Finland, most of them living in urban areas in the south. During World War II,Finnish authorities refused to deliver Jews to the Nazis, and the country's Jewish communitysurvived the war virtually intact. By the 1980s, assimilation and emigration had significantlyreduced the size of the community, and it was only with some difficulty that it maintainedsynagogues, schools, libraries, and other pertinent institutions.[2]

[edit] Russians

Russians in Finland had come from two major waves. About 5,000 originate from a populationthat immigrated in the 19th and early 20th centuries, when Finland was a grand duchy ofImperial Russia. Another consisted of those who immigrated after the dissolution of the SovietUnion. A significant catalyst was the right of return, based on President Koivisto's initiative thatpeople ofIngrian ancestry would be allowed to immigrate to Finland.

[edit] Muslims

The Muslim community in Finland is historically smaller than the Jewish community; itnumbered only about 900, most of whom were found in Helsinki. Lately immigration hasincreased the number of Muslims. The Muslims first came to Finland from Turkey in the mid-nineteenth century and have remained there ever since, active in commerce. Like their Jewishcounterparts, Finnish Muslims have had difficulty maintaining all the institutions needed by asocial group because of their small number. There are now (2011) about 50.000 muslims inFinland

Industries in focus & Commerce and Trade

Invest in Finland is manned by experts whose job is to recommend actions for successfullytaking advantage of Finnish business opportunities.

We believe that specialisation is the key for obtaining the maximum benefit from yourinvestment. That is why Invest in Finland has consultancy teams focusing entirely on two mainareas: Industry & Technology and Trade & Services. The former includes industries such as
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Cleantech, ICT, Healthcare & Wellbeing and Mining, while the latter includes Retail, RealEstate, Business Services, Logistics and Travel & Tourism

Commerce and Trade

Commerce and trade between Serbia and Finland is still on a quitelow level, but it is slightly growing. The economical growth inSerbia has been fast after the democratic changes and there are moreand more foreign companies investing to Serbia. Now the benefitsfor investors are the low taxes and possibility to get highly educatedlabor with low costs.

The export from Finland to Serbia was 17,9 million euros on 2006 and import fromSerbia to Finland 5,1 million euros. Showing growth compared to 2005 the main products that are exported from Finland to Serbia are paper, cardboard andtelecommunication equipments. The main products that are imported from Serbia to

Finland are mainly iron and steel, but also fruits and vegetables.

You can find more updated information about the trade and commerce between Finlandand Serbia from the Country Profile in the internet sites of Finpro (in Finnish

Economic sector of finland

In 2000, the balance between Finland's economic sectors was consistent with those of mostOECD nations,

with agriculture contributing 5 percent to the GDP, industry 32 percent, and services 63 percent.However, until the 1960s, Finland relied much more heavily on agriculture than its neighbors. Itwas partly the pressure of post-World-War-II reparations to the USSR that forced Finland tobuild and expand its industrial base. Finland's 1999 accession to the EMU has further shifted theemphasis from agriculture and has forced the end of many subsidies to farmers. In more recenttimes, growth in the various sectors also has set Finland apart from its neighbors and most of theOECD countries, as manufacturing (especially high-tech products) expanded more quickly than

the service sector.

The U.S. Department of Commerce identifies milk production as "the backbone of the Finnishagriculture industry." In 2000, Finland produced 2.5 million units of milk, about 0.44 percent ofworld milk production. Dairies and egg farms produce more than Finland needs to feed itself,while Finnish meat production roughly equals consumption. Membership in the EU has deeplyaffected the agriculture industry; in 1996, producer prices fell more in Finland than in any otherEU country. In 1997 food prices averaged 11.2 percent lower than in 1994 (prior to EU
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membership). Finnish producers had to reduce prices to EU levels, especially facing competitionfrom agricultural imports of the union's members. A new focus for agriculture is research intospecific enzymes and bacilli that have health and commercial use, with the raw products of thedairy and forestry industries (milk and trees) providing some of the raw material. Finland is alsobasically self-sufficient in meat production.

Finland's high-tech, highly productive forestry industry overlaps and links the agriculture andindustry sectors. Finland has the world's highest per capita forestry production, twice that ofSweden and 3 times that of Canada. With about 70 percent of its area covered by forests at theend of the 20th century, Finland's use of its most abundant natural resource provides thematerials for Finland's industrial wood-processing industries. Finland supplies 25 percent of theworld's exports of printing and writing paper and 15 percent of the world's paper and paperboardexports.

From 1993 to 1998, industry's share of the GDP rose from 31.3 percent to 33.8 percent.Manufacturing dominates this sector, with output in 1999 worth FMk504.9 billion. Nokia, the

cellular phone maker, has been the main engine of Finnish industrial growth in the late 1990s. In1998, Nokia alone contributed 1 percent to Finland's 5 percent GDP growth. However, there issome concern that Nokia holds too much responsibility for the sector and the economy. It is farand away the largest firm in manufacturing, with no other company even approaching its level ofproduction and employment. Other branches of manufacturing in general have not seen similargrowth. Unlike many other developed nations, where the service industry is often the main sectorfor growth in employment, Finnish industry has been the biggest job creator, especiallymanufacturing.

In the service sector in 1997, government services make up nearly one-third of all service sectoractivity. Many private services, especially business and IT services, are growing at a faster rate

than public services. The production of private services increased by almost 5 percent in 1997and has been steadily growing since the mid-1990s, with telecommunications and service tobusinesses marking the fastest-growing sectors. However, unlike in other OECD countries, theservice sector's share of the GDP and employment has not increased as quickly asmanufacturing. New jobs in the service sector are mainly created by manufacturing, whichoutsources many of its production-related services.

Read more: Finland Economic sectors, Information about Economic sectors in Finlandhttp://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Europe/Finland-ECONOMIC-SECTORS.html#ixzz1iemku6K0

Overview About International Trade in Finland
http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Europe/Finland-ECONOMIC-SECTORS.html#ixzz1iemku6K0http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Europe/Finland-ECONOMIC-SECTORS.html#ixzz1iemku6K0http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Europe/Finland-ECONOMIC-SECTORS.html#ixzz1iemku6K0http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Europe/Finland-ECONOMIC-SECTORS.html#ixzz1iemku6K0http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Europe/Finland-ECONOMIC-SECTORS.html#ixzz1iemku6K0http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Europe/Finland-ECONOMIC-SECTORS.html#ixzz1iemku6K0


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Main Industry Sectors

Agriculture represents less than 3% of the current Finnish GNP and employes less than 5% of thepopulation. Because of the unfavorable climate, agricultural development is limited to themaintainace of a certain level of self-sufficiency in basic products. Cereal production dominates,

well ahead of milk production and animal husbandry. Finland's accession to the EU has furtheraccelerated the process of restructuring and downsizing of this sector.

Forestry is traditionally well-developed: Finland exports a rich variety of products randing fromsimple wooden products to high-tech tags and labels and including paper, cardboard, packagingetc. Other key industrial sectors are metal production, mechanical engineering and electronicgoods. Finland specializes in exporting information and communication technologies,Nokiabecoming the world leading manufacturer of mobile handsets.

The service sector employs almost 70% of the population and accounts for almost 65% of theGDP
http://www.nokia.com/http://www.nokia.com/

economy overview

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