ecosar first results - esa seomseom.esa.int/polinsar-biomass2015/files/d4s2_p-band... · 2015. 2....
TRANSCRIPT
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
EcoSAR First Results
Lola Fatoyinbo, Rafael F. Rincon, K. Jon Ranson, Batuhan Osmanoglu, Guoqing Sun, Seung Kuk Lee
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
EcoSAR EcoSAR is a new airborne radar developed at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center for the measurements of terrestrial ecosystem structure and biomass funded through the 2010 Instrument Incubator Program:
• Acquires P-band InSAR measurements of vegetation structure and biomass in order to quantify carbon storage, sequestration and emissions in terrestrial vegetation.
• Employs Electronic Beam Steering and Digital Beamforming to implement Polarimetric and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR).
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
Science Objective to measure forest biomass and structure in high biomass forests • Polarimetric • Long wavelengths • Dual-antenna system for single pass InSAR
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
We need to image as large and area as possible with the finest resolution:
• Wideband Digital Beamforming
• Large Bandwidth
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
We need to image as large and area as possible with the finest resolution:
• Wideband Digital Beamforming
• Large Bandwidth
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
Center Frequency 435 MHz Pulse Length 1 usec – 50 usec
Maximum Bandwidth 200 MHz Array Peak Power 40 Watts
Polarization HH, VV, VH,HV PRF 100 Hz – 10 KHz
Polarization Isolation > 30 dB Swath 4 km – 8 km
Noise Equivalent o - 41 dB * Finest Range Resolution 0.75 m
Total Number of active Channels 32 Single Look Azimuth Resolution 0.5 m
Interferometric baseline 25 m Vertical Accuracy ~ 1 m
Main Parameters
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
Other Applications
• Snow/Permafrost/Freeze/Thaw state
• Soil Moisture/ Surface water
• DEM/Surface Topography/Deformation
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
Instrument Heritage: DBSAR L-band
Swath 3
Flight Path
Swath 4
rx
rx
ry
ry
θ3
θ4
Total Sawth Left
Antenna
Swath 2
Swath 1
rx
ry
rx
ry
Total Sawth Right
θ2
θ1
Flight Path
Antenna
θ3
θ2
θ1
θ4
θN+1θN
h
Flight Path
Antenna
Flight'Path'
Synthetic Aperture Radar: • implement non-conventional SAR
techniques that increase coverage and avoid ambiguities such as the simultaneous left and right imaging.
• Applicable to Ecosystem structure, geodesy of the Earth, planets, and asteroids.
Scatterometry: • Over multiple beams and over a wide
range of incidence angles. • Measures roughness and dielectric
properties of surfaces applicable to the study of soil moisture and ocean salinity.
• Onboard scatterometry over 32 beams (right plot) has been demonstrated in airborne flights.
Altimetry: • altimeter measurements using SAR
processing methods on the nadir beam. • can be implemented simultaneously with
the SAR operation without rotating the antenna.
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
DBSAR Digital Beamforming SAR • Ecosystem-3D campaign in 2011 and 2012
H H V V V H H V
DBSAR SAR data over Howland, Maine
1
2 3
4
5 6
7
8
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
Biomass (Mg/ha)
DBSAR HV ( ), UAVSAR HV( )
DBSAR’s Biomass Estimates
Comparison between DBSAR and UAVSAR polarimetric backscatter using RGB composite (left) and biomass estimates (right). The biomass data was obtained from 11 1-ha (50m x 200m) plots within the imaged area.
HV
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On board Processor/RAIDS
EcoSAR system
Transceiver
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Flight Campaigns
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
Andros Island
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
Andros Island
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
Costa Rica
La Selva
Terraba Sierpe
Corcovado NP
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Sierpe Wetlands
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Corcovado Rainforest
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Canopy Biomass Lidar CBL
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
EcoSAR Synergies with BIOMASS
• Become instrument for BIOMASS cal/val activities
• Become multi-mission simulator: can fly L-, P and Lidar(s) simultaneously
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
Conclusions
• EcoSAR sensor development was a success and was able to fulfill its measurement objectives.
• EcoSAR acquired large amounts of airborne data over high biomass forest areas (incl. supersites)
• EcoSAR team is producing the L 0 & L1 data products and will make them available
• All field measurements will also be made available
• We’re continuing to work on producing canopy height & Biomass products
• EcoSAR team is looking forward to collaboration with BIOMASS
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
www.EcoSAR.gsfc.nasa.gov (coming soon)
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
HH HV
EcoSAR 50 MHz Imagery
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RFI Measurements
MHz
MHz
Spectrum with onboard 50 MHZ Digital Filter
• RFI measurements were acquired at each location in sniffing mode.
• The RFI present during the EcoSAR measurements affects image focusing and reduces image quality.
• Despite the on board filtering and large coherent signal-processing gain of the SAR processing, RFI remains in the focused image.
• Our team is working on the development of robust RFI detection and removal.
Spectrum without onboard Digital Filtering
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
Concluding Remarks and Future Plans • EcoSAR measurements are crucial for future SAR missions
validation (DESDynI/NI-SAR, BIOMASS, Tandem-L)
• Improved Carbon and forest structure estimates will support international C reduction initiatives (UN REDD/REDD+)
• How are the Earth's carbon cycle and ecosystems changing, and what are the consequences for the Earth's carbon budget, ecosystem sustainability, and biodiversity?
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
Outline
• Motivation for the design of the instrument
• Instrument Heritage
• System specifications and parameters
• Flight and field campaigns
• First results
• Conclusions and future steps
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BIOMASS 1st Science Workshop 27-30 January 2015
Measurement
Level 1 Requirements Level 2 Requirements EcoSAR instrument
requirement Resolution Accuracy Coverage Method Product Resolution Coverage
Biomass 1m -10 m 20% or 20
Mg/ha for areas >100 Mg/ha
Areas of woody biomass
Pol-InSAR
10-100m
Mixed Dry Forest Single Pass Interferometry
InSAR Tropical Rainforest Full Polarimetry (HH, VV, HV, VH)
Polarimetry Mangrove Wetlands Cross pole isolation >25 dB
Swath > 2km
Canopy structure 1m -10 m 1 m
Canopy heights representative of high biomass forest (ie. Tropical rainforest)
InSAR
10-100m
Mixed Dry Forest Single Pass Interferometry
Pol-InSAR Tropical Rainforest Full Polarimetry (HH, VV, HV, VH)
Mangrove Wetlands Swath > 2km
Ecosystem extent 1m -10 m 80% for areas losing >50 % canopy cover
Forested and wetland areas
80% or better classification accuracy
10-100m
Mixed Dry Forest Full Polarimetry (HH, VV, HV, VH)
Tropical Rainforest Cross pol isolation >25 dB
Mangrove Wetlands 1m-30 m Resolution
Swath > 2km
Human activity
1m -10 m 80% for areas losing >50 % canopy cover
Secondary Forest
80% or better classification accuracy
10-100m
Agricultural areas P-band PolSAR
Disturbance Degraded Areas Forest Regeneration Cross pole isolation >25 dB
Recovery Clear Cuts 1m-30 m Resolution
Agricultural areas
Swath > 2km
Science Requirements
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EcoSAR
• Airborne SAR system
• Single-pass interferometer
• Images multiple tracks without losing resolution
• Fully polarimetric
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Wideband Digital Beamforming
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