ecossistemas urbanos — prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — co...

39
Referências bibliográficas H. Akbari, M. Pomerantz, and H. Taha. Cool surfaces and shade trees to reduce energy use and improve air quality in urban areas. Solar Energy, 70 (2001), 295–310. M. Alberti. Urban patterns and environmental performance: what do we know? Journal of Planning Education and Research, 19 (1999), 151–163. M. Alberti. The effects of urban patterns on ecosystem function. International Regional Science Review, 28 (2005), 168–192. M. Alberti, D. Booth, K. Hill, et al. The impact of urban patterns on aquatic ecosystems: an empirical analysis in Puget lowland sub-basins. Landscape and Urban Planning, 80 (2007), 345–361. C. Alexander. Acity is not a tree. Architectural Forum, 122 (1965), 58–62. L. Allen, F. Lindberg, and C. S. B. Grimmond. Global to city scale urban anthropo- genic heat flux: model and variability. International Journal of Climatology, 31 (2011), 1990– 2005. P. M. Anderson and K. E. Butcher. Childhood obesity: trends and potential causes. The Future of Children, 16 (2006), 19–45. P. G. Angold, J. P. Sadler, M. O. Hill, et al. Biodiversity in urban hábitat patches. The Science of the Total Environment, 360 (2006), 196–204. A. J. Arnfield. Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island. International Journal of Climatology, 23 (2003), 1–26. C. L. Arnold Jr and C. J. Gibbons. Impervious surface coverage: the emergence of a key environmental indicator. Journal of the American Planning Association, 62 (1996), 243–258. A.V. Badyaev, R. L. Young, K. P. Oh, and C. Addison. Evolution on a local scale: de- velopmental, functional, and genetic bases of divergence in bill form and associated changes in song structure between adjacent hábitats. Evolution, 62 (2008), 1951–1964. L. A. Baker. Can urban P conservation help to prevent the brown devolution? Chemosphere, 84 (2011), 779–784. L. A. Baker, A. J. Brazel, N. Selover, et al. Urbanization and warming of Phoe- nix (Arizona, USA): impacts, feedbacks and mitigation. Urban Ecosystems, 6 (2002), 183–203. L. A. Baker, D. Hope, Y. Xu, J. Edmonds, and L.Lauver. NitrogenbalancefortheCen- tral Arizona–Phoenix (CAP) ecosystem. Ecosystems, 4 (2001),582–602. R. V. Barbehenn, Z. Chen, D. N. Karowe, and A. Spickard. C3 grasses have higher nutritional quality than C 4 grasses under ambient and elevated atmosphe- ric CO 2 . Global Change Biology, 10 (2004), 1565–1575.

Upload: others

Post on 08-Jun-2020

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 1, global #385)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas

H. Akbari, M. Pomerantz, and H. Taha. Cool surfaces and shade trees to reduce

energy use and improve air quality in urban areas. Solar Energy, 70 (2001),

295–310.

M. Alberti. Urban patterns and environmental performance: what do we know?

Journal of Planning Education and Research, 19 (1999), 151–163.

M. Alberti. The effects of urban patterns on ecosystem function. International

Regional Science Review, 28 (2005), 168–192.

M. Alberti, D. Booth, K. Hill, et al. The impact of urban patterns on aquatic

ecosystems: an empirical analysis in Puget lowland sub-basins. Landscape

and Urban Planning, 80 (2007), 345–361.

C. Alexander. Acity is not a tree. Architectural Forum, 122 (1965), 58–62.

L. Allen, F. Lindberg, and C. S. B. Grimmond. Global to city scale urban anthropo-

genic heat flux: model and variability. International Journal of Climatology, 31

(2011), 1990– 2005.

P. M. Anderson and K. E. Butcher. Childhood obesity: trends and potential causes.

The Future of Children, 16 (2006), 19–45.

P. G. Angold, J. P. Sadler, M. O. Hill, et al. Biodiversity in urban hábitat patches.

The Science of the Total Environment, 360 (2006), 196–204.

A. J. Arnfield. Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence,

exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island. International

Journal of Climatology, 23 (2003), 1–26.

C. L. Arnold Jr and C. J. Gibbons. Impervious surface coverage: the emergence of

a key environmental indicator. Journal of the American Planning Association,

62 (1996), 243–258.

A.V. Badyaev, R. L. Young, K. P. Oh, and C. Addison. Evolution on a local scale: de-

velopmental, functional, and genetic bases of divergence in bill form and

associated changes in song structure between adjacent hábitats. Evolution,

62 (2008), 1951–1964.

L. A. Baker. Can urban P conservation help to prevent the brown devolution?

Chemosphere, 84 (2011), 779–784.

L. A. Baker, A. J. Brazel, N. Selover, et al. Urbanization and warming of Phoe-

nix (Arizona, USA): impacts, feedbacks and mitigation. Urban Ecosystems, 6

(2002), 183–203.

L. A. Baker, D. Hope, Y. Xu, J. Edmonds, and L.Lauver. NitrogenbalancefortheCen-

tral Arizona–Phoenix (CAP) ecosystem. Ecosystems, 4 (2001),582–602.

R. V. Barbehenn, Z. Chen, D. N. Karowe, and A. Spickard. C3 grasses have higher

nutritional quality than C4 grasses under ambient and elevated atmosphe-

ric CO2. Global Change Biology, 10 (2004), 1565–1575.

Page 2: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 2, global #386)ii

ii

ii

ii

2 Ecossistemas urbanos

O. Barbosa, J. A. Tratalos, P. R. Armsworth, et al. Who benefits from access to

green space? A case study from Sheffield, UK. Landscape and Urban Planning,

83 (2007), 187–195.

I. Barnes, A. Duda, O. G. Pybus, and M. G. Thomas. Ancient urbanization predicts

genetic resistance to tuberculosis. Evolution, 65 (2011), 842–848.

A. D. Barnosky, P. L. Koch, R. S. Feranec, S. L. Wing, and A. B. Shabel. Assessing

the causes of late Pleistocene extinctions on the continents. Science, 306

(2004), 70–75.

J. Barton and J. Pretty. Urban ecology and human health and wellbeing. In K. J.

Gaston, ed., Urban Ecology. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010),

pp. 202–229.

R. R. Bates and D. Kennedy. Air Pollution, The Automobile, and Public Health.

(Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1988).

N. H. Batjes. Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world. European Journal

of Soil Science, 47 (1996), 151–163.

M. E. Bauer, B. C. Loffelholz, and B. Wilson. Estimating and mapping impervious

surface area by regression analysis of landsat imagery. In Q. Weng, ed., Re-

mote Sensing of Impervious Surfaces. (London: Taylor & Francis Group, 2008),

pp. 3–19.

S. Bearhop, W. Fiedler, R. W. Furness, et al. Assortative mating as a mechanism

for rapid evolution of a migratory divide. Science, 310 (2005), 502–504.

A. P. Beckerman, M. Boots, and K. J. Gaston. Urban bird declines and the fear of

cats. Animal Conservation, 10 (2007), 320–325.

K. P. Beckett, P. H. Freer-Smith, and G. Taylor. Urban woodlands: their role in re-

ducing the effects of particulate pollution. Environmental Pollution, 99 (1998),

347–360.

C. P. Bell, S. W. Baker, N. G.Parkes, M. D. L. Brooke, and D. E. Chamberlain. The role

of the Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) in the decline of the house

sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Britain. The Auk, 127 (2010), 411–420.

M. L. Bell, A. McDermott, S. L. Zeger, J. M. Samet, and F. Dominici. Ozone and

shortterm mortality in 95 US urban communities, 1987–2000. Journal of the

American Medical Assocation, 292 (2004), 2372–2378.

T. L. Bell, D. Rosenfeld, K.M. Kim, and M. Hahnenberger. Midweek increase in US

summer rain and storm heights suggests air pollution invigorates rains-

torms. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113 (2008), DO2209.

S. Benvenuti. Weed dynamics in the Mediterranean urban ecosystem: ecology,

biodiversity and management. Weed Research, 44 (2004), 341–354.

E. S. Bernhardt, L. E. Band, C. J. Walsh, and P. E. Berke. Understanding, managing,

and minimizing urban impacts on surface water nitrogen loading. Annals

of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1134 (2008), 61–96.

P. Berthold, A. J. Helbig, G. Mohr, and U. Querner. Rapid microevolution of migra-

tory behaviour in a wild bird species. Nature, 360 (1992), 668–670.

Best Foot Forward and Institute of Wastes Management. City Limits: a resource

Page 3: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 3, global #387)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas 3

flow and ecological footprint analysis of greater London. (London: Best

Foot Forward, 2002).

L. Bettencourt, J. Lobo, D. Helbing, C. Kühnert, and G.B. West. Growth, innovation,

scaling, and the pace of life in cities. Proceedings of the National Academy of

Sciences, 104 (2007), 7301–7306.

R. B. Blair. Land use and avian species diversity along an urban gradi-

ent.Ecological Applications, 6 (1996), 506–519.

R. B. Blair. Birds and butterflies along urban gradients in two ecoregions of

the United States: is urbanization creating a homogeneous fauna? In J. L.

Lockwood and M. L. McKinney, eds, Biotic Homogenization. (Dordrecht, the

Netherlands: Kluwer Academic, 2001), pp. 33-56.

T. J. Blakely, J. S. Harding, A. R. Mcintosh, and M. J. Winterbourn. Barriers to

the recovery of aquatic insect communities in urban streams. Freshwater

Biology, 51 (2006), 1634–1645.

C. W. Boal and R. W. Mannan. Comparative breeding ecology of Cooper’s hawks

in urban and exurban areas of southeastern Arizona. Journal of Wildlife

Management, 63 (1999), 77–84.

V. Bókony, A. Kulcsár, and A. Liker. Does urbanization select for weak competi-

tors in house sparrows? Oikos, 119 (2010), 437–444.

D. T. Bolger, A. C. Alberts, and M. E. Soule. Occurrence patterns of bird species in

hábitat fragments: sampling, extinction, and nested species subsets. The

American Naturalist, 295 (1991), 155–166.

D. T. Bolger, A. V. Suarez, K. R. Crooks, S. A. Morrison, and T. J. Case. Arthropods in

urban hábitat fragments in Southern California: area, age, and edge effects.

Ecological Applications, 10 (2000), 1230–1248.

P. Bolund and S. Hunhammar. Ecosystem services in urban areas. Ecological Eco-

nomics, 29 (1999), 293–301.

F. Bonier, P. R. Martin, K. S. Sheldon, J. P. Jensen, S. L. Foltz, and J. C. Wingfield.

Sex specific consequences of life in the city. Behavioral Ecology, 18 (2007),

121–129.

F. Bonier, P. R. Martin, and J. C. Wingfield. Urban birds have broader environmen-

tal tolerance. Biology Letters, 3 (2007), 670–673.

D. B. Booth, J. R. Karr, S. Schauman, et al. Reviving urban streams: land use, hy-

drology, biology and human behavior. Journal of the American Water Research

Association, 40 (2004),1351–1364.

K. M. Booth, M. M. Pinkston, and W. S. C. Poston. Obesity and the built environ-

ment. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 105S (2005), 110–117.

K. A. Borden and S. L. Cutter. Spatial patterns of natural hazards mortality in the

United States. International Journal of Health Geographics, 7 (2008), 64.

R. Bornstein and Q. Lin. Urban heat islands and summertime convective thun-

derstorms in Atlanta: three case studies. Atmospheric Environment, 34 (2000),

507–516.

Page 4: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 4, global #388)ii

ii

ii

ii

4 Ecossistemas urbanos

P. Bousquet, P. Ciais, J. B. Miller, et al. Contribution of anthropogenic and natural

sources to atmospheric methane variability. Nature, 443 (2006), 439–443.

T. W. Boutton, G. N. Cameron, and B. N. Smith. Insect herbivory on C3 and C4

grasses. Oecologia, 36 (1978), 21–32.

M. A. Bowers and B. Breland. Foraging of gray squirrels on an urban–rural gradi-

ent: use of the GUD to assess anthropogenic impact. Ecological Applications,

6 (1996), 1135–1142.

C. A. Bradley and S. Altizer. Urbanization and the ecology of wildlife diseases.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 22 (2007), 95–102.

C. A. Bradley, S. E. J. Gibbs, and S. Altizer. Urban land use predicts West Nile Virus

exposure in songbirds. Ecological Applications, 18 (2008), 1083–1092.

N. C. Brady and R. R. Weil. The Nature and Property of Soils. (Upper Saddle River, NJ:

Prentice Hall, 1996).

A. Brazel, N. Selover, R. Vose, and G. Heisler. The tale of two climates: Baltimore

and Phoenix urban LTER sites. Climate Research, 15 (2000), 123–135.

S. W. Brazel and R. C. Balling Jr. Temporal analysis of long-term atmospheric

moisture levels in Phoenix, Arizona. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 25 (1986),

112–117.

S. Brenneisen. Space for urban wildlife: designing green roofs as hábitats in

Switzerland. Urban Hábitats, 4 (2006),27–33.

W. H. Brock. The Norton History of Chemistry. (New York: Norton Press, 1992).

J. S. Brown. Patch use as an indicator of hábitat preference, predation risk, and

competition. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 22 (1988), 37–47.

R. C. Brownson, T. K. Boehmer, and D. A. Luke. Declining rates of physical activity

in the United States: what are the contributors? Annual Review of Public

Health, 26 (2005), 421–443.

H. Brumm. The impact of environmental noise on song amplitude in a territorial

bird. Journal of Animal Ecology, 73 (2004), 434–440.

P. H. Brunner. Reshaping urban metabolism. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 11(2)

(2007), 11–13.

S. Brunzel, S. F. Fischer, J. Schneider, J. Jetzkowitz, and R. Brandl. Neo- and archa-

eophytes respond more strongly than natives to socio-economic mobility

and disturbance patterns along an urban–rural gradient. Journal of Biogeo-

graphy, 36 (2009), 835–844.

T. Buchholz and T. Younos. Urban stream daylighting: case study evaluations.

Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Special Report SR35-2007 (2007).

G. Buczkowski. Extreme life history plasticity and the evolution of invasive cha-

racteristics in a native ant. Biological Invasions, 12 (2010), 3343–3349.

F. Bulleri and M. G. Chapman. The introduction of coastal infrastructure as a dri-

ver of change in marine environments. Journal of Applied Ecology, 47 (2010),

26–35.

Y. Bulut, S. Toy, M. A. Irmak, H. Yilmaz, and S. Yilmaz. Urban–rural climatic

Page 5: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 5, global #389)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas 5

differences over a 2-year period in the City of Erzurum,Turkey. Atmósfera,

21 (2008), 121–133.

K. T. Burghardt, D. W. Tallamy, and G. W. Shriver. Impact of native plants on bird

and butterfly biodiversity in suburban landscapes. Conservation Biology, 23

(2009), 219–224.

D. E. Burhans and F. R. Thompson III. Songbird abundance and parasitism differ

between urban and rural shrublands. Ecological Applications, 16 (2006), 394–

405.

D. E. Burhans and F. R. Thompson III. Hábitat patchsize and nesting success of

Yellow breasted Chats. The Wilson Bulletin, 111 (1999), 210–215.

A. Buyantuyev and J. Wu. Urban heat islands and landscape heterogeneity: lin-

king spatiotemporal variations in surface temperatures to land-cover and

socioeconomic patterns. Landscape Ecology, 25 (2010), 17–33.

R. S. Byrd and J. P. Joad. Urban asthma. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 12

(2006), 68–74.

M. L. Cadenasso, S. T. Pickett, P. M. Groffman, et al. Exchanges across land-water-

scape boundaries in urban systems. Annals of the New York Academy of

Sciences, 1134 (2008), 213–232.

M. L. Cadenasso and S. T. A. Pickett. Urban principles for ecological landscape de-

sign and maintenance: scientific fundamentals. Cities and the Environment,

1 (2008), Article 4.

M. L. Cain, W. D. Bowman, and S. D. Hacker. Ecology. (Sunderland, MA: Sinauer

Associates, Inc., 2008).

J. Cairns. Matters of Life and Death: Perspectives on Public Health, Molecular Biology,

Cancer, and the Prospects for the Human Race. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Uni-

versity Press, 1998).

D. E. Canfield, E. Kristensen, and B. Thamdrup. The phosphorus cycle. Advances

in Marine Biology, 48 (2005), 419–440.

D. G. Capone and A. N. Knapp. A marine nitrogen cycle ?x? Nature, 445 (2007),

159–160.

C. Carbone and J. L. Gittleman. A common rule for the scaling of carnivore

density. Science, 295 (2002), 2273–2276.

A. Carlsson-Kanyama, M. P. Ekström, and H. Shanahan. Food and life cycle

energy inputs: consequences of diet and ways to increase efficiency. Eco-

logical Economics, 44 (2003), 293–307.

M. Carrete and J. L. Tella. Inter-individual variability in fear of humans and

relative brain size of the species are related to urban invasion in birds. PLoS

ONE, 6 (2011), e18859.

S. P. Carroll and C. Boyd. Host race radiation in the soap berry bug: natural history

with the history. Evolution, 46 (1992), 1052–1069.

S. P. Carroll, J. E. Loye, H. Dingle, et al. And the beak shall inherit: evolution in

response to invasion. Ecology Letters, 8 (2005), 944–951.

T. Carter, C. R. Jackson, J. Maerz, et al. Beyond the urban gradient: barriers and

Page 6: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 6, global #390)ii

ii

ii

ii

6 Ecossistemas urbanos

opportunities for timely studies of urbanization effects on aquatic ecosys-

tems. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 28 (2009), 1038–1050.

C. P. Catterall, D. Lunney, and S. Burgin. Birds, garden plants and suburban bush-

lots: where good intentions meet unexpected outcomes. In D. Lunney and

S. Bergen, eds, Urban Wildlife: More Than Meets the Eye. (Sydney, Australia:

Royal Zoological Society of New Southwales, 2001), pp.21–31.

S. Caula, P. Marty, and J. L. Martin. Seasonal variation in species composition of

an urban bird community in Mediterranean France. Landscape and Urban

Planning, 87(2008), 1–9.

J. F. Chace and J. J. Walsh. Urban effects on native avifauna: a review. Landscape

and Urban Planning, 74 (2006), 46–69.

D. E. Chamberlain, A. R. Cannon, M. P. Toms, et al. Avian productivity in urban

landscapes: a review and meta-analysis. Ibis, 151 (2009), 1–18.

N. Chambers, C. Simmons, and M. Wackernagel. Sharing Nature’s Interest: Ecolo-

gical Footprints as an Indicator of Sustainability. (London: Earthscan Publicati-

ons, 2000).

S. A. Changnon. Inadvertent weather modification in urban areas: lessons for

global climate change. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 73

(1992), 619–627.

F. S. Chapin III, B. H. Walker, R. J. Hobbs, et al. Biotic control over the functioning

ecosystem. Science, 277 (1997), 500–504.

L. F. Chaves, C. L. Keogh, G. M. Vazquez-Prokopec, and U. D. Kitron. Combined

sewage overflow enhances oviposition of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera:

Culicidae) in urban areas. Journal of Medical Entomology, 46 (2009), 220–226.

P. O. Cheptou, O. Carrue, S. Rouifed, and A. Cantarel. Rapid evolution of seed

dispersal in an urban environment in the weed Crepis sancta. Proceedings of

the National Academy of Sciences, 105 (2008), 3796–3799.

J. C. Chow, J. G. Watson, D. H. Lowenthal, and R. J. Countess. Sources and chemis-

try of PM10 aerosol in Santa Barbara County, CA. Atmospheric Environment,

30 (1996), 1489–1499.

F. J. Christie and D. F. Hochuli. Elevated levels of herbivory in urban landscapes:

are declines in tree health more than an edge effect? Ecology and Society, 10

(2005), 10.

G. Churkina, D. G. Brown, and G. Keoleian. Carbon stored in human settlements:

the conterminous United States. Global Change Biology, 16 (2010), 135–143.

K. M. Clarke, B. L. Fisher, and G. LeBuhn. The influence of urban park characte-

ristics on ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) communities. Urban Ecosystems,

11 (2008), 317–334.

E. E. Cleland, I. Chuine, A. Menzel, H. A. Mooney, and M. D. Schwartz. Shifting

plant phenology in response to global change. Trends in Ecology & Evolution,

22 (2007), 357–365.

W. S. Cleveland, T. E. Graedel, B. Kleiner, and J. L. Warner. Sunday and work day

Page 7: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 7, global #391)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas 7

variations in photochemical air pollutants in New Jersey and New York.

Science, 186 (1974), 1037–1038.

J. Colding and C. Folke. The role of golf courses in biodiversity conservation and

ecosystem management. Ecosystems, 12 (2008), 191–206.

C. G. Collier. The impact of urban areas on weather. Quarterly Journal of the Royal

Meteorological Society, 132 (2006), 1–25.

J. P. Collins, A. Kinzig, N. B. Grimm, et al. A new urban ecology. American Scientist,

88 (2000), 416–425.

P. A. Conrad, M. A. Miller, C. Kreuder, et al. Transmission of Toxoplasma: clues

from the study of sea otters as sentinels of Toxoplasma gondii flow into the

marine environment. International Journal for Parasitology, 35 (2005), 1155–

1168.

L. M. Cook. The rise and fall of the carbonaria form of the peppered moth. The

Quarterly Review of Biology, 78 (2003), 399–417.

L. M. Cook and J. R. G. Turner. Decline of melanism in two British moths: spatial,

temporal and inter-specific variation. Heredity, 101 (2008), 483–489.

M. T. Cooke. The spread of the European starling in North America(to1928). US

Department of Agriculture, 40 (1928), 1–9.

R. Costanza, R. d’Arge, R. de Groot, et al. The value of the world’s ecosystem

services and natural capital. Nature, 387 (1997),253–260.

K. R. Crooks. Relative sensitivities of mammalian carnivores to hábitat fragmen-

tation. Conservation Biology, 16 (2002), 488–502.

K. R. Crooks and M. E. Soulé. Mesopredator release and avifaunal extinctions in

a fragmented system. Nature, 400 (1999), 563–566.

P. J. Crutzen. New directions: the growing urban heat and pollution “island”

effect: impact on chemistry and climate. Atmospheric Environment, 38

(2004),3539–3540.

T. M. Culley, S. J. Sbita, and A. Wick. Population genetic effects of urban hábitat

fragmentation in the perennial herb Viola pubescens (Violaceae) using ISSR

markers. Annals of Botany, 100 (2007), 91–100.

M. A. Cunningham, E. Snyder, D. Yonkin, M. Ross, and T. Elsen. Accumulation of

deicing salts in soils in an urban environment. Urban Ecosystems, 11 (2008),

17–31.

V. H. Dale, S. Brown, R. A. Haeuber, et al. Ecological principles and guidelines for

managing the use of land. Ecological Applications, 10 (2000), 639–670.

M. Dallimer, K. N. Irvine, A. M. J. Skinner, et al. Biodiversity and the feel-good fac-

tor: understanding associations between self-reported human well-being

and species richness. BioScience, 62 (2012), 47–55.

J. Damuth. Population density and body size in mammals. Nature, 290 (1981),

699–700.

G. D. Daniels and J. B. Kirkpatrick. Comparing the characteristics of front and

back domestic gardens in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Landscape and Urban

Planning, 78 (2006), 344–352.

Page 8: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 8, global #392)ii

ii

ii

ii

8 Ecossistemas urbanos

P. Daszak, A. A. Cunningham, and A. D. Hyatt. Emerging infectious diseases of

wildlife: threats to biodiversity and human health. Science, 287 (2000), 443–

449.

P. Daszak, A. A. Cunningman, and A. D. Hyatt. Anthropogenic environmental

change and the emergence of infectious diseases in wildlife. Acta Tropica,

78 (2001), 103–116.

N. Dauphine and R. J. Cooper. Pick one: outdoor cats or conservation. Wildlife

Professional, Spring (2011), 50–56. G. F. M. Dawe. Street trees and the urban

environment. In I. Douglas, D. Goode, M. C. Houck, and R. Wang, eds. The

Routledge Handbook of Urban Ecology, (London: Routledge, 2011), pp. 424–449.

M. D. Dearing and L. Dizney. Ecology of hantavirus in a changing world. Annals

of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1195 (2010), 99–112.

E. H. Decker, S. Elliott, F. A. Smith, D. R. Blake, and F. S. Rowland. Energy and

material flow through the urban ecosystem. Annual Reviews in Energy and

the Environment, 25 (2000), 685–740.

K. L. Denman, G. Brasseur, A. Chidthaisong, et al. Coupling between changes in

the cli-mate system and biogeochemistry. In S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Man-

ning, et al., eds, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution

of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp.

500–537.

C. Denys and H. Schmidt. Insect communities on experimental mugwort (Arte-

misia vulgaris L.) plots along an urban gradient. Oecologia, 113 (1998), 269–

277.

P. Deplazes, D. Hegglin, S. Gloor, and T. Romig. Wilderness in the city: the urbani-

zation of Echinococcus multilocularis. Trends in Parasitology, 20 (2004), 77–84.

V. Devictor, R. Julliard, D. Couvet, A. Lee, and F. Jiguet. Functional homogeniza-

tion effect of urbanization on bird communities. Conservation Biology, 21

(2007), 741–751.

J. M. Diamond. Rapid evolution of urban birds. Nature, 324 (1986), 107–108.

J. E. Diem and D. P. Brown. Anthropogenic impacts on summer precipitation in

Central Arizona, USA. The Professional Geographer, 55 (2003), 343–355.

M. E. Dietz and J. C. Clausen. Storm water runoff and export changes with deve-

lopment in a traditional and low impact subdivision. Journal of Environmen-

tal Management, 87 (2008), 560–566.

R. Dip, D. Hegglin, P. Deplazes, et al. Age-and sex-dependent distribution of

persistent organochlorine pollutants in urban foxes. Environmental Health

Perspectives, 111 (2003), 1608–1612.

S. S. Ditchkoff, S. T. Saalfeld, and C. J. Gibson. Animal behavior in urban ecosys-

tems: modifications due tohuman-induced stress. Urban Ecosystems, 9

(2006), 5–12.

E. Domene, D. Saurí, and M. Parés. Urbanization and sustainable resource use:

Page 9: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 9, global #393)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas 9

the case of garden watering in the metropolitan region of Barcelona. Urban

Geography, 26 (2005), 520–535.

R. Donovan, J. Sadler, and J. Bryson. Urban biodiversity and sustainable develop-

ment. Engineering Sustainability, 158 (2005), 105–114.

A. Dornier, V. Pons, and P. O. Cheptou. Colonization and extinction dynamics

of an annual plant metapopulation in an urban environment. Oikos, 120

(2011), 1240–1246.

I. Douglas. Suburban mosaic of houses, roads, gardens and mature trees. In I.

Douglas, Goode, M.C. Houck, and R. Wang, eds, The Routledge Handbook of

Urban Ecology. (New York: Routledge, 2011), pp.264–273.

I. Douglas. Urban hydrology. In I. Douglas, D. Goode, M. C. Houck, and R. Wang,

eds, The Routledge Handbook of Urban Ecology. (New York: Routledge, 2011),

pp. 148–158.

I. Douglas and J. Sadler. Urban wildlife corridors: conduits for movement or

linear hábitat? In I. Douglas, D. Goode, M. C. Houck, and R. Wang, eds, The

Routledge Handbook of Urban Ecology. (NewYork: Routledge, 2011), pp. 274–

288.

J. W. Dover and B. Rowlingson. The western jewel butterfly (Hypochrysops halya-

etus): factors affecting adult butterfly distribution within native Banksia

bushland in an urban setting. Biological Conservation, 122 (2005), 599–609.

B. Drayton and R. B. Primack. Plant species lost in an isolated conservation area

in Metropolitan Boston from 1894 to 1993. Conservation Biology, 10 (1996),

30–39.

S. H. Dreistadt, D. L. Dahlsten, and G. W. Frankie. Urban forests and insect eco-

logy. Bioscience, 40 (1990), 192–198.

C. T. Driscoll, G. B. Lawrence, A. J. Bulger, et al. Acidic deposition in the northe-

astern United States: sources and inputs, ecosystem effects, and manage-

ment strategies. Bio-Science, 51 (2001), 180–198.

R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, Plant traits and extinction in urban

areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 20 (2011),

509–519.

W. R. Effland and R. V. Pouyat. The genesis, classification, and mapping of soils

in urban areas. Urban Ecosystems, 1 (1997), 217–228.

M. J. Ege, M. Mayer, A. C. Normand, et al. Exposure to environmental microorga-

nisms and childhood asthma. New England Journal of Medicine, 364 (2011),

701–709.

J. G. Ehrenfeld. Exotic invasive species in urban wetlands: environmental corre-

lates and implications for wetland management. Journal of Applied Ecology,

45 (2008), 1160–1169.

F. Eigenbrod, S. J. Hecnar, and L. Fahrig. Quantifying the road effect zone: th-

reshold effects of a motorway on anuran populations in Ontario, Canada.

Ecology and Society, 14 (2009),24—41.

Page 10: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 10, global #394)ii

ii

ii

ii

10 Ecossistemas urbanos

G. W. Elmes. Ant colonies and environmental disturbance. Symposium of the Zoo-

logical Society of London, 63 (1991), 15–32.

C. S. Elton. Animal Ecology. (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, Ltd., 1927).

C. D. Elvidge, C. Milesi, J. B. Dietz, U. S. constructed area approaches size of Ohio.

Eos, 85 (2004), 233–240.

J. T. Emlen. An urban bird community inTucson, Arizona: derivation, structure,

regulation. The Condor, 76 (1974), 184–197.

J. Emsley. The Elements, 3rd edition. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998).

W. A. Estes and R. W. Mannan. Feeding behavior of Cooper’s hawks at urban and

rural nests in southeastern Arizona. The Condor, 105 (2003), 107–116.

G. W. Evans. The built environment and mental health. Journal of Urban Health,

80 (2003), 536–555.

K. L. Evans. Individual species and urbanisation. In K. J. Gaston, ed., Urban Eco-

logy. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. 53–87.

K. L. Evans, D. E. Chamberlain, B. J. Hatchwell, R. D. Gregory, and K. J. Gaston.

What makes an urban bird? Global Change Biology, 17 (2011), 32–44.

K. L. Evans, K. J. Gaston, A. C. Frantz, et al. Independent colonization of multiple

urban centres by a formerly forest specialist bird species. Proceedings of the

Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 276 (2009), 2403–2410.

K. L. Evans, B. J. Hatchwell, M. Parnell, and K. J. Gaston. A conceptual framework

for the colonisation of urban areas: the blackbird Turdus merula as a case

study. Biological Reviews, 85 (2010), 643–667.

R. Ewing, R. Pendall, and D. Chen. Measuring sprawl and its transportation im-

pacts. Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1831 (2003), 175–183.

R. Ewing, T. Schmid, R. Killingsworth, A. Zlot, and S. Raudenbush. Relationship

between urban sprawl and physical activity, obesity, and morbidity. In E.

Shulenberger, Endlicher, M. Alberti, et al., eds, Urban Ecology: An Internatio-

nal Perspective on the Interaction between Humans and Nature. (Berlin: Springer

Verlag, 2008), 567–582.

J. Færge, J. Magid, and F. W. T. Penning de Vries. Urban nutrient balance for

Bangkok. Ecological Modelling, 139 (2001),63–74.

S. H. Faeth, C. Bang, and S. Saari. Urban biodiversity: patterns and mechanisms.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1223 (2011), 69–81.

S. H. Faeth, P. S. Warren, E. Shochat, and W. A. Marussich. Trophic dynamics in

urban communities. Bioscience, 55 (2005), 399–407.

D. P. Faith. Conservation evaluation and phylogenetic diversity. Biological Conser-

vation, 61 (1992), 1–10.

M. L. Farnsworth, L. L. Wolfe, N. T. Hobbs, et al. Human land use influences

chronic wasting disease prevalence in mule deer. Ecological Applications, 15

(2005), 119–126.

A. J. Felson and S. T. A. Pickett. Designed experiments: new approaches to

studying urban ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 3 (2005),

549–556.

Page 11: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 11, global #395)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas 11

B. Felzer, D. Kicklighter, J. Melillo, et al. Effects of ozone on net primary produc-

tion and carbon sequestration in the conterminous United States using a

biogeochemistry model. Tellus, 56 (2004), 230–248.

E. Fernández-Juricic. Avifaunal use of wooded streets in an urban landscape.

Conservation Biology, 14 (2000), 513–521.

E. D. Fetridge, J. S. Ascher, and G. A. Langellotto. The bee fauna of residential

gardens in a suburb of New York City (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Annals of

the Entomological Society of America, 101 (2008), 1067–1077.

E. J. Finnemore and W. G. Lynard. Management and control technology for urban

stormwater pollution. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 54

(1982), 1099– 1111.

M. Fischer-Kowalski. Society’s metabolism. The intellectual history of materials

flow analysis, part I, 1860–1970. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2 (1998), 61–78.

M. Fischer-Kowalski and W. Hüttler. Society’s metabolism. The intellectual his-

tory of materials flow analysis, part II, 1970–1998. Journal of Industrial Eco-

logy, 2 (1999), 107–136.

C. Fissore, L. A. Baker, S. E. Hobbie, et al. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus fluxes

in house hold ecosystems in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota, urban

region. Ecological Applications, 21 (2011), 619–639.

A. L. Fleischer Jr, R. Bowman, and G. E. Woolfenden. Variation in foraging beha-

vior, diet, and time of breeding of Florida scrub-jays in suburban and wil-

dland hábitats. The Condor, 105 (2003), 515–527.

A. R. Fleischman and J. A. Barondess. Urban health: a look out our windows.

Acade Medicine, 79 (2004), 1130–1132.

C. Folke, A. Jansson, J. Larsson, and R. Costanza. Ecosystem appropriation by

cities. Ambio, 26 (1997),167–172.

P. Forster, V. Ramaswamy, P. Artaxo, et al. Changes in atmospheric constituents

and in radiative forcing. In S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, et al.,eds, Cli-

mate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to

the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 747–845.

P. M. de F. Forster and S. Solomon. Observations of “weekend effect” in diur-

nal temperature range. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100

(2003), 11225–11230.

K. Fortuniak, K. Kłysik, and J. Wibig. Urban–rural contrasts of meteorological

parameters in Łód´z. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 84 (2006), 91–101.

C. D. Francis, C. P. Ortega, and A. Cruz. Noise pollution changes avian communi-

ties and species interactions. Current Biology, 19 (2009), 1415–1419.

R. A. Francis. Positioning urban rivers within urban ecology. Urban Ecosystems, 15

(2012), 285–291.

C. Frankenberg, J. F. Meirink, M. Van Weele, U. Platt, and T. Wagner. Assessing

methane emissions from global space-borne observations. Science, 308

(2005), 1010–1014.

Page 12: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 12, global #396)ii

ii

ii

ii

12 Ecossistemas urbanos

S. J. Franks, S. Sim, and A. E. Weis. Rapid evolution of flowering time by an

annual plant in response to a climate fluctuation. Proceedings of the National

Academy of Sciences, 104 (2007), 1278–1282.

M. E. Frederickson, M. J. Greene, and D. M. Gordon. “Devil’s gardens” bedevilled

by ants. Nature, 437 (2005), 495–496.

C. Freeman, A. Maurice, S. Hughes, B. Reynolds, and J. A. Hudson. Nitrous oxide

emissions and the use of wetlands for water quality amelioration. Environ-

mental Science & Technology, 31 (1997), 2438–2440.

S. S. French, H. B. Fokidis, and M. C. Moore. Variation in stress and innate immu-

nity in the tree lizard (Urosaurus ornatus) across an urban–rural gradient.

Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental

Physiology, 178 (2008), 997– 1005.

M. S. Friedman, K. E. Powell, L. Hutwagner, L. R. M. Graham, and W. G. Teague.

Impact of changes in transportation and commuting behaviors during the

1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta on air quality and childhood

asthma. Journal of the American Medical Assocation, 285 (2001), 897–905.

H. Frumkin. Urban sprawl and public health. Public Health Reports, 117 (2002),

201–217.

R. Fuge and M. J. Andrews. Fluorine in the UK environment. Environmental Geo-

chemistry and Health, 10 (1988), 96–104.

R. A. Fuller, K. N. Irvine, P. Devine-Wright, P. H. Warren, and K. J. Gaston. Psycho-

logical benefits of greenspace increase with biodiversity. Biology Letters, 3

(2007), 390–394.

R. A. Fuller, J. Tratalos, and K. J.Gaston. How many birds are there in a city of half

a million people? Diversity and Distributions, 15 (2009), 328–337.

R. A. Fuller, P. H. Warren, and K. J. Gaston. Daytime noise predicts nocturnal

singing in urban robins. Biology Letters, 3 (2007), 368–370.

S. R. Gaffin, C. Rosenzweig, R. Khanbilvardi, et al. Variations in New York City’s

urban heat island strength over time and space. Theoretical and Applied

Climatology, 94 (2008), 1–11.

S. Galea and D. Vlahov. Urban health: evidence, challenges, and directi-

ons.Annual Review of Public Health, 26 (2005), 341–365.

S. Galea, J. Ahern, S. Rudenstine, Z. Wallace, and D. Vlahov. Urban built envi-

ronment and depression: a multilevel analysis.Journal of Epidemiology and

Community Health, 59 (2005), 822–827.

J. N. Galloway. Anthropogenic mobilization of sulfur and nitrogen. Annual Review

of Energy and the Environment, 21 (1996), 261–292.

J. N. Galloway, W. H. Schlesinger, H. Levy, A. Michaels, and J. L. Schnoor. Nitrogen

fixation: anthropogenic enhancement–environmental response. Global Bi-

ogeochemical Cycles, 9 (1995), 235–235.

A. P. Galvani and M. Slatkin. Evaluating plague and smallpox as historical se-

lective pressures for the ccr5-δ32 hiv-resistance allele. Proceedings of the

National Academy of Sciences, 100 (2003), 15276–15279.

Page 13: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 13, global #397)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas 13

P. I. Garaffa, J. Filloy, and M. I. Bellocq. Bird community responses along urban-

rural gradients: does the size of the urbanized area matter? Landscape and

Urban Planning, 90 (2009), 33–41.

J. Garden, C. McAlpine, A. Peterson, D. Jones, and H. Possingham. Review of the

ecology of Australian urban fauna: a focus on spatially explicit processes.

Austral Ecology, 31 (2006), 126–148.

K. J. Gaston. Biodiversity and extinction: species and people. Progress in Physical

Geography, 29 (2005), 239–247.

K. J. Gaston.Urban ecology. In K. J. Gaston,ed., Urban Ecology.(Cambridge: Cam-

bridge University Press, 2010), pp. 1-9.

K. J. Gaston. Urbanisation. In Urban Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press, 2010), pp. 10–34.

K. J. Gaston and K. L. Evans. Birds and people in Europe. Proceedings of the Royal

Society

B: Biological Sciences, 271 (2004), 1649–1655.

K. J. Gaston, Z. G. Davies and J. L. Edmondson. Urban environments and ecosys-

tem functions. In K.J. Gaston, ed., Urban Ecology. (Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press, 2010), 35–52.

K. J. Gaston, R. M.Smith, K. Thompson, and P. H. Warren. Urban domestic gar-

dens (II): Experimental tests of methods for increasing biodiversity. Biodi-

versity and Conservation, 14 (2005), 395–413.

E. Gaublomme, F. Hendrickx, H. Dhuyvetter, and K. Desender. The effects of fo-

rest patch size and matrix type on changes in carabid beetle assemblages

in an urbanized landscape. Biological Conservation, 141 (2008), 2585–2596.

R. Gazal, M. A. White, R. Gillies, et al. GLOBE students, teachers, and scientists

demonstrate variable differences between urban and rural leaf phenology.

Global Change Biology, 14 (2008), 1568–1580.

S. D. Gedzelman, S. Austin, R. Cermak, et al. Mesoscale aspects of the urban

heat island around New York City. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 75

(2003),29–42.

R. J. Geider and J. Roche. The role of iron in phytoplankton photosynthesis, and

the potential for iron-limitation of primary productivity in the sea. Pho-

tosynthesis Research, 39 (1994), 275–301.

General Register Office. Life Expectancy in Special Areas (Urban/Rural Deprivation

and Community Health Partnership) within Scotland, 2005–2007. (Edinburgh,

Scotland: National Statistics, 2009).

H. W. Georgii. The effects of air pollution on urban climates. Bulletin of the World

Health Organization, 40 (1969), 624–635.

J. C. Gering and R. B. Blair. Predation on artificial bird nests along an urban

gradient: predatory riskor relaxationin urban environments? Ecography, 22

(1999), 532–541.

H. Gibb and D. F. Hochuli. Hábitat fragmentation in an urban environment: large

Page 14: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 14, global #398)ii

ii

ii

ii

14 Ecossistemas urbanos

and small fragments support different arthropod assemblages. Biological

Conservation, 106 (2002), 91–100.

J. N. Gibbs. Intercontinental epidemiology of Dutchelm disease. Annual Review of

Phytopathology, 16 (1978), 287–307.

O. L. Gilbert. The Ecology of Urban Hábitats. (New York: Chapman and Hall, 1989).

S. E. Gilman, M. C. Urban, J. Tewksbury, G. W. Gilchrist, and R. D. Holt. A fra-

mework for community interactions under climate change. Trends in Eco-

logy & Evolution, 25 (2010), 325–331.

A. Givati and D. Rosenfeld. Quantifying precipitation suppression due to air pol-

lution. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 43 (2004), 1038–1056.

D. S. Glazier. Temporal variability of abundance and the distribution of species.

Oikos, 47 (1986), 309–314.

M. A. Goddard, A. J. Dougill, and T. G. Benton. Scaling up from gardens: biodiver-

sity conservation inurban environments. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 20

(2009), 610–616.

R. Godfrey and M. Julien. Urbanisation and health. Clinical Medicine, 5 (2005), 137–

141.

M. E. Gompper and A. N. Wright. Altered prevalence of raccoon roundworm

(Baylisascaris procyonis) owing to manipulated contact rates of hosts. Journal

of Zoology, 266 (2005), 215–219.

G. A. Gonzalez. Urban sprawl, global warming and the limits of ecological mo-

dernisation. Environmental Politics, 14 (2005), 344–362.

D. M. Gordon. Ants at Work: How an Insect Society is Organized. (New York: Free

Press, 1999).

G. Grant. Extensive green roofs in London. Urban Hábitats, 4 (2006), 51–65.

J. W. Gregg, C. G. Jones, and T. E. Dawson. Urbanization effects on tree grow thin

the vicinity of New York City. Nature, 424 (2003), 183–187.

J. W. Gregg, C. G. Jones, and T. E. Dawson. Physiological and developmental

effects of O3 on cottonwood growth in urban and rural sites. Ecological

Applications, 16 (2006), 2368–2381.

N. B. Grimm, S. H. Faeth, N. E. Golubiewski, et al. Global change and the ecology

of cities. Science, 319 (2008), 756–761.

C. S. B. Grimmond, T. S. King, F. D. Cropley, C. Nowak, and D. J. Souch. Local-scale

fluxes of carbon dioxide in urban environments: methodological challen-

ges and results from Chicago. Environmental Pollution, 116 (2002), S243–S254.

C. S. B. Grimmond and T. R. Oke. Heat storage in urban areas: local-scale obser-

vations and evaluation of a simple model. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 38

(1999), 922–940.

C. S. B. Grimmond, T. R. Oke, and D. G. Steyn. Urban water balance 1. A model

for daily totals. Water Resources Research, 22 (1986), 1397–1403.

P. M. Groffman, D. J. Bain, L. E. Band, et al. Down by the riverside: urban riparian

ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 1 (2003), 315–321.

P. M. Groffman, N. J. Boulware, W. C. Zipperer, et al. Soil nitrogen cycle processes

Page 15: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 15, global #399)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas 15

in urban riparian zones. Environmental Science & Technology, 36 (2002), 4547–

4552.

P. M. Groffman and M. K. Crawford. Denitrification potential in urban riparian

zones. Journal of Environmental Quality, 32 (2003), 1144–1149.

P. M. Groffman, N. L. Law, K. T. Belt, L. E. Band, and G. T. Fisher. Nitrogen fluxes

and retention in urban watershed ecosystems. Ecosystems, 7 (2004), 393–

403.

M. Guirado, J. Pino, and F.. Understorey plant species richness and composition

in metropolitan forest archipelagos: effects of forest size, adjacent land use

and distance to theedge. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 15 (2006), 50–62.

H. F. Guite, C. Clark, and G. Ackrill. The impact of the physical and urban envi-

ronment on mental well-being. Public Health, 120 (2006), 1117–1126.

Y. Guo. Hydrologic design of urban flood control detention ponds. Journal of Hy-

drologic Engineering, 6 (2001), 472–479.

K. R. Gurney, D. L. Mendoza, Y. Zhou, et al. High resolution fossil fuel combustion

CO2 emission fluxes for the United States. Environmental Science & Techno-

logy, 43 (2009), 5535–5541.

A. K. Hahs, M. J. McDonnell, M. A. McCarthy, et al. A global synthesis of plant

extinction rates in urban areas. Ecology Letters, 12 (2009), 1165–1173.

J. Hale J. Sadler, A. Bates, and P. James. Bringing cities alive: the importance of

urban greenspaces for people and biodiversity. In K. J. Gaston, ed., Urban

Ecology.(Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress,2010), 230–260.

R. O. Hall Jr., J. L. Tank, D. J. Sobota, et al. Nitrate removal in stream ecosystems

measured by 15N addition experiments: total uptake. Limnology and Ocea-

nography, 54 (2009), 653–665.

A. J. Hamer and M. J. McDonnell. Amphibian ecology and conservation in the

urbanising world: a review. Biological Conservation, 141 (2008), 2432–2449.

D. Hanahan and R. A. Weinberg. The hall marks of cancer. Cell, 100 (2000), 57–70.

L. M. Hanks and R. F. Denno. Natural enemies and plant water relations influence

the distribution of an armored scale insect. Ecology, 74 (1993),1081–1091.

I. Hanski, L. von Hertzen, N. Fyhrquist, et al. Environmental biodiversity, human

micro-biota, and allergy are interrelated. Proceedings of the National Academy

of Sciences, 109 (2012), 8334–8339.

I. N. Harman and S. E. Belcher. The surface energy balance and boundary layer

over urban street canyons. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,

132 (2006), 2749– 2768.

M. D. Harrison, P. M. Groffman, P. M. Mayer, S. S. Kaushal, and T. A. New co-

mer. Denitrification in alluvial wetlands in an urban landscape. Journal of

Environmental Quality, 40 (2011), 634–646.

D. A. Hartz, A. J. Brazel, and G. M. Heisler. A case study in resort climatology of

Phoenix, Arizona, USA. International Journal of Biometeorology, 51 (2006),73–

83.

Page 16: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 16, global #400)ii

ii

ii

ii

16 Ecossistemas urbanos

B. A. Hawkins, R. Field, H. V. Cornell, et al. Energy, water, and broad-scale geo-

graphic patterns of species richness. Ecology, 84 (2003), 3105–3117.

J. L Heilman and R. W. Gesch. Effects of turf grass evaporation on external tempe-

ratures of buildings. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 43 (1991), 185–194.

A. J. Helden and S. R. Leather. Biodiversity on urban round abouts: Hemiptera,

management and the species–area relationship. Basic and Applied Ecology,

5 (2004), 367–377.

L. Heneghan, J. Steffen, and K. Fagen. Interactions of an introduced shrub and

introduced earth worms in an Illinois urban wood land: impact on leaf

litter decomposition. Pedobiologia, 50 (2007), 543–551.

E. I. Hennig and J. Ghazoul. Plant–pollinator interactions within the urban en-

vironment. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 13 (2011),

137–150.

W. Hern. Urban malignancy: similarity in the fractal dimensions of urban

morphology and malignant neoplasms. International Journal of Anthropology,

23 (2008), 1–19.

B. E. Heterick, J. Casella, and J. D. Majer. Influence of Argentine and coastal

brown ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) invasions on ant communities in

Perthgardens, Western Australia. Urban Ecosystems, 4 (2000), 277–292.

N. Heynen, H. A. Perkins, and P. Roy. The political ecology of un even urban

greenspace. Urban Affairs Review, 42 (2006), 3–25.

S. J. Hinners, C. Kearns, and C. A. Wessman. Roles of scale, matrix and native

hábitat in supporting a diverse suburban pollinator assemblage. Ecological

Applications, 22 (2012) 1923–1935.

D. J. Hodkinson and K. Thompson. Plant dispersal: the role of man. Journal of

Applied Ecology, 34 (1997), 1484–1496.

B. D. Hoffmann and C. L. Parr. An invasion revisited: the African big-headed ant

(Pheidole megacephala) in northern Australia. Biological Invasions, 10 (2008),

1171–1181.

D. M. Hogan and M. R. Walbridge. Urbanization and nutrient retention in fresh

water riparian wetlands. Ecological Applications, 17 (2007), 1142–1155.

E. Holden and I. T. Norland. Three challenges for the compact city as a sustaina-

ble urban form: household consumption of energy and transport in eight

residential areas in the greater Oslo region. Urban Studies, 42 (2005), 2145–

2166.

B. Hölldobler and E. O. Wilson. The Ants. (New York: Belknap, 1990).

B. Hölldobler and E. O. Wilson. The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and Stran-

geness of Insect Societies. (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2008).

D. Y. Hollinger, S. V. Ollinger, A. D. Richardson, et al. Albedo estimates for land

surface models and support for a new paradigm based on foliage nitrogen

concentration. Global Change Biology, 16 (2010), 696–710.

D. A. Holway. Effect of Argentine ant invasions on ground-dwelling arthropods

in northern California riparian woodlands. Oecologia, 116 (1998), 252–258.

Page 17: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 17, global #401)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas 17

D. A. Holway and A. V. Suarez. Homogenization of ant communities in medi-

terranean California: the effects of urbanization and invasion. Biological

Conservation, 127 (2006), 319–326.

M. J. Hood, J. C. Clausen, and G. S. Warner. Comparison of storm waterlag ti-

mes for low impact and traditional residential development. Journal of the

American Water Resources Association, 43 (2007), 1036–1046.

D. Hope, C. Gries, W. X. Zhu, et al. Socioeconomics drive urban plant diversity.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100 (2003), 8788–8792.

R.W. Howarth, E. W. Boyer, W. J. Pabich, and J. N. Galloway. Nitrogen use in the

United States from 1961–2000 and potential future trends. Ambio, 31 (2002),

88–96.

P. E. Hulme. Herbivory, plant regeneration, and species coexistence. Journal of

Ecology, 84 (1996), 609–615.

P. E. Hulme, S. Bacher, M. Kenis, et al. Grasping at the routes of biological inva-

sions: a framework for integrating pathways into policy. Journal of Applied

Ecology, 45 (2008), 403–414.

T. Ichinose, K. Shimodozono, and K. Hanaki. Impact of anthropogenic heat on

urban climate in Tokyo. Atmospheric Environment, 33 (1999), 3897–3909.

C. D. Idso, S. B. Idso, and R. C. Balling. An intensive two-week study of an urban

CO2 dome in Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Atmospheric Environment, 35 (2001),

995–1000.

H. Ikeda. Testing the intermediate disturbance hypothesis on species diversity

in herbaceous plant communities along a human trampling gradient using

a 4-year experiment in an old-field. Ecological Research, 18 (2003), 185–197.

M. L. Imhoff, L. Bounoua, R. De Fries, et al. The consequences of urban land

transformation on net primary productivity in the United States. Remote

Sensing of Environment, 89 (2004), 434–443.

M. Ishitani, D. J. Kotze, and J. Niemela. Changes in carabid beetle assemblages

across an urban–rural gradient in Japan. Ecography, 26 (2003), 481–489.

P. James, K. Tzoulas, M. D. Adams, et al. Towards an integrated understanding

of green space in the European built environment. Urban Forestry & Urban

Greening, 8 (2009), 65–75.

C. Jansson, J. Ekman, and A. von Brömssen. Winter mortality and food supply in

tits Parus spp. Oikos, 37 (1981), 313–322.

P. J. Jarvis. Feral animals in the urban environment. In I. Douglas, D. Goode, M.

C. Houck, and R. Wang, eds, The Routledge Handbook of Urban Ecology. (New

York: Routledge, 2011), pp. 361–370.

G. D. Jenerette, S. L. Harlan, A. Brazel, et al. Regional relationships between sur-

face temperature, vegetation, and human settlement in a rapidly urbani-

zing ecosystem. Landscape Ecology, 22 (2007), 353–365.

J. M. Jeschke and D. L. Strayer. Invasion success of vertebrates in Europe and

North America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102 (2005),

7198–7202.

Page 18: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 18, global #402)ii

ii

ii

ii

18 Ecossistemas urbanos

D. A. Jessup and M. A. Miller. The trickle-down effect: how toxoplasmosis from

cats can kill sea otters. Wildlife Professional, Spring (2011), 62–64.

C. Y. Jim. Urban woodlands as distinctive and threatened nature-in-citypatches.

In I. Douglas, D. Goode, M. C. Houck, and R. Wang, eds, The Routledge Hand-

book of Urban Ecology. (New York:Routledge, 2011), pp.323–337

C. Y. Jim and W. Y. Chen. Assessing the ecosystem service of air pollutant remo-

val by urban trees in Guangzhou (China). Journal of Environmental Manage-

ment, 88 (2008), 665–676.

J. Jokimäki, M. L. Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki, J.Suhonen, et al. Merging wildlife commu-

nity ecology with animal behavioral ecology fora better urban landscape

planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 100 (2011), 383–385.

A. Jones. An environmental assessment of food supply chains: a case study on

dessert apples. Environmental Management, 30 (2002), 560–576.

C. G. Jones, J. H. Lawton, and M. Shachak. Organisms as ecosystem engineers.

Oikos, 69 (1994), 373–386.

D. N. Jones and S. J. Reynolds. Feeding birds in our towns and cities: a global

research opportunity. Journal of Avian Biology, 39 (2008), 265–271.

K. E. Jones, N. G. Patel, M. A. Levy, et al. Global trends in emerging infectious

diseases. Nature, 451 (2008), 990–993.

E. Kalnay and M. Cai. Impact of urbanization and land-use change on climate.

Nature, 423 (2003), 528–531.

S. Kaplan. The restorative benefits of nature: toward an integrative framework.

Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15 (1995), 169–182.

S. Kark, A. Iwaniuk, A. Schalimtzek, and E. Banker. Living in the city: can anyone

become an “urban exploiter”? Journal of Biogeography, 34 (2007), 638–651.

S. S. Kaushal, P. M. Groffman, L. E. Band, et al. Interaction between urbanization

and climate variability amplifies watershed nitrate export in Maryland.

Environmental Science & Technology, 42 (2008), 5872–5878.

S. S. Kaushal, P. M. Groffman, G. E. Likens, et al. Increased salinization of fresh

water in the northeastern United States. Proceedings of the National Academy

of Sciences of the United States of America, 102 (2005), 13517–13520.

J. P. Kaye, I. C. Burke, A. R. Mosier, and J. Pablo Guerschman. Methane and nitrous

oxide fluxes from urban soils to the atmosphere. Ecological Applications, 14

(2004), 975–981.

J. P. Kaye, P. M. Groffman, N. B. Grimm, L. A. Baker, and R. V. Pouyat. A distinct

urban biogeochemistry? Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 21 (2006),192–199.

J. P. Kaye, R. L. McCulley, and I. C. Burke. Carbon fluxes, nitrogen cycling, and soil

microbial communities in adjacent urban, native and agricultural ecosys-

tems. Global Change Biology, 11 (2005), 575–587.

B. Keane, M. H. Collier, and S. H. Rogstad. Pollution and genetic structure of

North American populations of the common dandelion (Taraxacum offici-

nale). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 105 (2005), 341–357.

Page 19: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 19, global #403)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas 19

W. W. Kellogg, R. D. Cadle, E. R. Allen, A. L. Lazrus, and E. A. Martell. The sulfur

cycle. Science, 175 (1972), 587–596.

C. Kennedy, J. Cuddihy, and J. Engel-Yan. The changing metabolism of cities.

Journal of Industrial Ecology, 11 (2007), 43–59.

M. E. Kentula, S. E. Gwin, and S. M. Pierson. Tracking changes in wetlands with ur-

banization: sixteen years of experience in Portland, Oregon, USA. Wetlands,

24 (2004), 734–743.

H. B. D. Kettlewell. The phenomenon of industrial melanism in Lepidoptera.

Annual Review of Entomology, 6 (1961), 245–262.

A. P. Kinzig, P. Warren, C. Martin, D. Hope, and M. Katti. The effects of human

socioeconomic status and cultural characteristics on urban patterns of

biodiversity. Ecology and Society, 10 (2005), 23.

R. Kjelgren and T. Montague. Urban tree transpiration over turf and asphalt

surfaces.Atmospheric Environment, 32 (1998), 35–41.

S. Knapp, I. Kühn, V. Mosbrugger, and S. Klotz. Do protected areas in urban and

rural landscapes differ in species diversity? Biodiversity and Conservation, 17

(2008), 1595–1612.

S. Knapp, I. Kühn, O. Schweiger, and S. Klotz. Challenging urban species di-

versity: contrastingphylogeneticpatternsacrossplantfunctionalgroupsin-

Germany. Ecology Letters, 11 (2008), 1054–1064.

S. Knapp, I. Kühn, J. Stolle, and S. Klotz. Changes in the functional composition

of a Central Europe an urban flora over three centuries. Perspectives in Plant

Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 12 (2010), 235–244.

S. Knapp, I. Kühn, R. Wittig, et al. Urbanization causes shifts in species’ trait state

frequencies. Preslia, 80 (2008), 375–388.

R. Knowles. Denitrification. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 46 (1982),

43–70.

B. Koerner and J. Klopatek. Anthropogenic and natural CO2 emission sources in

an arid urban environment. Environmental Pollution, 116 (2002), 45–51.

I. Kowarik. On the role of alien species in urban flora and vegetation. In P. Pysek,

K. Prach,

Rejmanek, and P. M. Wade, eds, Plant Invasions: General Aspects and Special Pro-

blems. (Amsterdam:SPB Academic, 1995), pp. 85–103.

L. Krabbendam and J. van Os. Schizophrenia and urbanicity: a major environ-

mental influence – conditionalon genetic risk. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 31

(2005), 795–799.

S. Kübler, S. Kupko, and U. Zeller. The kestrel (Falco tinnunculus L.) in Berlin:

investigation of breeding biology and feeding ecology. Journal of Ornithology,

146 (2005), 271–278.

I. Kuhn, R. Brandl, and S. Klotz. The flora of German cities is naturally species

rich. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 6 (2004), 749–764.

I. Kuhn and S. Klotz. Urbanization and homogenization: comparing the floras of

Page 20: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 20, global #404)ii

ii

ii

ii

20 Ecossistemas urbanos

urban and rural areas in Germany. Biological Conservation, 127 (2006), 292–

300.

F. E. Kuo and W. C. Sullivan. Aggression and violence in the inner city. Environ-

ment and Behavior, 33 (2001), 543–571.

F. E. Kuo and W. C. Sullivan. Environment and crime in the inner city. Environment

and Behavior, 33 (2001), 343–367.

W. Kuttler and A. Strassburger. Air quality measurements in urban green areas –

a case study. Atmospheric Environment, 33 (1999), 4101–4108.

P. W. Lambdon, P. Pyšek, C. Basnou, et al. Alien flora of Europe: species diver-

sity, temporal trends, geographical patterns and research needs. Preslia, 80

(2008), 101–149.

H. E. Landsberg. The Urban Climate. (Waltham, MA: Academic Press, 1981).

D. A. Lashof and D. R. Ahuja. Relative contributions of greenhouse gas emissions

to global warming. Nature, 344 (1990), 529–531.

N. Law, L. Band, and M. Grove. Nitrogen input from residential lawn care prac-

tices in suburban watersheds in Baltimore County, MD. Journal of Environ-

mental Planning and Management, 47 (2004), 737–755.

D. O. Lee. The influence of atmospheric stability and the urban heat island

on urban-rural wind speed differences. Atmospheric Environment, 13 (1979),

1175–1180.

P. F. Lee, T. S. Ding, F. H. Hsu, and S. Geng. Breeding bird species richness in

Taiwan: distribution on gradients of elevation, primary productivity and

urbanization. Journal of Biogeography, 31 (2004),307–314.

E. A. Leger and M. L. Forister. Colonization, abundance, and geographic range

size of gravestone lichens. Basic and Applied Ecology, v. 10, p. 279-287, 2009.

M. Lenzen and G. M. Peters. How city dwellers affect their resource hinterland.

Journal of Industrial Ecology, 14 (2009), 73–90.

S. A. Levin. Community equilibria and stability, and an extension of the compe-

titive exclusion principle. The American Naturalist, 104 (1970), 413–423.

L. C. Leviton, E. Snell, and M. McGinnis. Urban issues in health promotion stra-

tegies. American Journal of Public Health, 90 (2000), 863–866.

K. Levy, G. Daily, and S. S. Myers. Human health as an ecosystem service: a

conceptual framework. In J.C. Ingram, F. Declerek, and C. Rumbaitis del Rio,

eds, Integrating Ecology and Poverty Reduction: Ecological Dimensions. (Berlin:

Springer, 2012), 231–251.

L. Lewan and C. Simmons. The uses of ecological footprint and biocapacity

analysis as sustainability indicators for sub-national geographical areas: a

recommended way forward. European Common Indicators Project (2001), pp.

1–49.

G. E. Likens, C. T. Driscoll, and D. C. Buso. Long-term effects of acid rain: response

and recovery of a forest ecosystem. Science, 272 (1996), 244–246.

A. Liker, Z. Papp, V. Bokony, and A. Z. Lendvai. Lean birds in the city: body size

Page 21: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 21, global #405)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas 21

and condition of house sparrows along the urbanization gradient. Journal

of Animal Ecology, 77 (2008), 789–795.

G. C. Liu, J. S. Wilson, R. Qi, and J. Ying. Green neighborhoods, food retail and

childhood overweight: differences by population density. American Journal

of Health Promotion, 21 (2007), 317–325.

J. Liu, G. C. Daily, P. R. Ehrlich, and G. W. Luck. Effects of household dynamics on

resource consumption and biodiversity. Nature, 421 (2003), 530–533.

R. B. Lockard and D. H. Owings. Moon-related surface activity of banner

tail(Dipodomys spectabilis) and Fresno (D. nitratoides) kangaroo rats. Animal

Behaviour, 22 (1974), 262–273.

K. LoGiudice, R. S. Ostfeld, K. A. Schmidt, and F. Keesing. The ecology of infecti-

ous disease: effects of host diversity and community composition on Lyme

disease risk. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100 (2003), 567–

571.

T. Longcore. Terrestrial arthropods as indicators of ecological restoration success

in coastal sage scrub (California, USA). Restoration Ecology, 11 (2003), 397–

409.

T. Longcore and C. Rich. Ecological light pollution. Frontiers in Ecology and the

Environment, 2 (2004), 191–198.

A. Loram, K. Thompson, P. H. Warren, and K. J. Gaston. Urban domestic gardens

(XII): the richness and composition of the flora in five UK cities. Journal of

Vegetation Science, 19 (2008), 321–330.

K. Lorenz and R. Lal. Biogeochemical C and N cycles in urban soils. Environment

International, 35 (2009), 1–8.

S. R. Loss, M. O. Ruiz, and J. D. Brawn. Relationships between avian diversity,

neighborhood age, income, and environmental characteristics of an urban

landscape. Biological Conservation, 142 (2009), 2578–2585.

G. M. Lovett, M. M. Traynor, and R. V. Pouyat. Atmospheric deposition to oak

forests along an urban-rural gradient. Environmental Science & Technology,

34 (2000), 4294– 4300.

D. Lowry, C. W. Holmes, N. D. Rata, P. O’Brien, and E. G. Nisbet. London methane

emissions: use of diurnal changes in concentration and δ13C to identify

urban sources and verify inventories. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106

(2001), 7427–7448.

H. Lowry, A. Lill, and B. B. M. Wong. How noisy does a noisy miner have to be?

Amplitude adjustments of alarm calls in an avian urban “adapter”. PLoS

ONE, 7 (2012), e29960.

G. W. Luck,. A review of the relationships between human population density

and biodiversity. Biological Reviews, 82, (2007), 607–645.

G. W. Luck and L. T. Smallbone. Species diversity and urbanisation: patterns,

drivers and implications. In K. J. Gaston, ed., Urban Ecology. (Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 2010), 88–119.

M. A. Luck, G. D. Jenerette, J. Wu, and N. B. Grimm. The urban funnel model

Page 22: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 22, global #406)ii

ii

ii

ii

22 Ecossistemas urbanos

and the spatially heterogeneous ecological footprint. Ecosystems, 4 (2001),

782–796.

J. Lundholm. Urban cliffs. In I. Douglas, D. Goode, M. C. Houck, and R. Wang, eds,

The Routledge Handbook of Urban Ecology. (London: Routledge, 2011), 252–263.

J. T. Lundholm. How novel are urban ecosystems? Trends in Ecology & Evolution,

21 (2006), 659–660.

J. T. Lundholm and A. Marlin. Hábitat origins and microhábitat preferences of

urban plant species. Urban Ecosystems, 9 (2006), 139–159.

M. Luniak and R. Mulsow. Ecological parameters in urbanization of the European

blackbird. In L. Tomialojc and F. R. Gehlbach, eds, Avian Population Responses

to Man-made Environments. (Ottawa, Canada: University of Ottawa Press,

1988), 1787–1793.

W. P. MacKay. A comparison of the energy budgets of three species of Pogonomyr-

mex harvester ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidea). Oecologia, 66 (1985), 484–

494.

J. A. MacMahon, J. F. Mull, and T. O. Crist. Harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex spp.):

their community and ecosystem influences. Annual Review of Ecology and

Systematics, 31 (2000), 265–291.

S. B. Magle, P. Reyes, J. Zhu, and K. R. Crooks. Extirpation, colonization, and

hábitat dynamics of a keystone species along an urban gradient. Biological

Conservation, 143 (2010), 2146–2155.

T. Magura, B. Tóthmérész, and T. Molnár. Changes in carabid beetle assemblages

along an urbanization gradient in the city of Debrecen, Hungary. Landscape

Ecology, 19 (2004), 747–759.

R. E. Major, G. Gowing, and C. E. Kendal. Nest predation in Australian urban

environments and the role of the pied currawong, Strepera graculina. Austral

Ecology, 21 (1996), 399–409.

A. A. Maklakov, S. Immler, A. Gonzalez-Voyer, J. Rönn, and N. Kolm. Brains and

the city: big-brained passerine birds succeed in urban environments. Bio-

logy Letters, 7 (2011), 730–732.

G. Manley. On the frequency of snowfall in metropolitan England. Quarterly Jour-

nal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 84 (1958), 70–72.

P. J. Marcotullio. Urban soils. In I. Douglas, D. Goode, M. C. Houck, and R. Wang,

eds, The Routledge Handbook of Urban Ecology. (London: Routledge, 2011), pp.

164–186.

J. M. Marzluff. Island biogeography for an urbanizing world: how extinction

and colonization may determine biological diversity in human-dominated

landscapes. Urban Ecology, 8 (2008), 355–371.

J. Mason, C. Moorman, G. Hess, and K. Sinclair. Designing suburban greenways

to provide hábitat for forest-breeding birds. Landscape and Urban Planning,

80 (2007), 153–164.

P. A. Matson, W. J. Parton, A. G. Power, and M. J. Swift. Agricultural intensification

and ecosystem properties. Science, 277 (1997), 504–509.

Page 23: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 23, global #407)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas 23

K. C. Matteson, J. S. Ascher, and G. A. Langellotto. Bee richness and abundance in

New York city urban gardens. Annals of the Entomological Society of America,

101 (2008), 140–150.

R. A. Mccleery. Changes in fox squirrel anti-predator behaviors across the urban–

rural gradient. Landscape Ecology, 24 (2009), 483–493.

M. J. McDonnell and A. K. Hahs. The use of gradient analysis studies in advan-

cing our understanding of the ecology of urbanizing landscapes: current

status and future directions. Landscape Ecology, 23 (2008), 1143–1155.

M. J. McDonnell and S. T. A. Pickett. Ecosystem structure and function along

urban-rural gradients: an unexploited opportunity for ecology. Ecology, 71

(1990), 1232–1237.

M. J. McDonnell, S. T. A. Pickett, P. Groffman, et al. Ecosystem processes along an

urban-to-rural gradient. Urban Ecosystems, 1 (1997), 21–36.

N. E. McIntyre. Ecology of urban arthropods: a review and call to action. Annals

of the Entomological Society of America, 93 (2000), 825–835.

N. E. McIntyre and M.E. Hostetler. Effects of land use on pollinators (Hyme-

noptera: Apoidea) communities in a desert metropolis. Basic and Applied

Ecology, 2 (2001), 209–218.

N. E. McIntyre and M. E. Hostetler. Effects of urban land use on pollinator (Hy-

menoptera: Apoidea) communities in a desert metropolis. Basic and Applied

Ecology, 2 (2001), 209–218.

M. L. McKinney. Urbanization, biodiversity, and conservation. Bioscience, 52

(2002), 883–890.

M. L. McKinney. Urbanization as a major cause of biotic homogenization. Biolo-

gical Conservation, 127 (2006), 247–260.

M. L. McKinney. Effects of urbanization on species richness: a review of plants

and animals. Urban Ecosystems, 11 (2008), 161–176.

M. L. McKinney. Urban futures. In K.J. Gaston, ed., Urban Ecology. (Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 2010), 287–308.

M. L. McKinney and F. A. La Sorte. Invasiveness and homogenization: synergism

of wide dispersal and high local abundance. Global Ecology and Biogeography,

16 (2007), 394–400.

M. A. McLean, M. J. Angilletta, and K. S. Williams. If you can’t stand the heat, stay

out of the city: thermal reaction norms of chitinolytic fungi in an urban

heat island. Journal of Thermal Biology, 30 (2005), 384–391.

P. McManus and G. Haughton. Planning with ecological footprints: a sympathetic

critique of theory and practice. Environment and Urbanization, 18 (2006), 113–

127.

G. McPherson, J. R. Simpson, P. J. Peper, S. E. Maco, and Q. Xiao. Municipal forest

benefits and costs in five US cities. Journal of Forestry, 103 (2005), 411–416.

S. B. Menke, W. Booth, R. R. Dunn, et al. Is it easy to be urban? Convergent success

in urban hábitats among lineages of a widespread native ant. PLoS ONE, 5

(2010), e9194.

Page 24: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 24, global #408)ii

ii

ii

ii

24 Ecossistemas urbanos

G. Mennechez and P. Clergeau. Effect of urbanisation on hábitat generalists: star-

lings not so flexible? Acta Oecologica, 30 (2006), 182–191.

C. D. Meurk. Recombinant ecology of urban areas: characterisation, context and

creativity. In: I. Douglas, D. Goode, M.C. Houck, and R. Wang, eds, The Rou-

tledge Handbook of Urban Ecology. (London: Routledge, 2011), 198–220.

J. Meyer, N. Klemann, and S. Halle. Diurnal activity patterns of coypu in an urban

hábitat. Acta Theriologica, 50 (2005), 207–211.

C. Milesi, S. W. Running, C. D. Elvidge, J. B. Dietz, B. T. Tuttle, R. R. Nemani.

Mapping and modeling the biogeochemical cycling of turf grasses in the

United States. Environmental Management, v. 36, n. 3, p. 426-438, 2005.

R. Mitchell and F. Popham. Effect of exposure to natural environment on health

inequalities: an observational population study. Lancet, 372 (2008), 1655–

1660.

V. G. Mitchell, T. A. McMahon, and R. G. Mein. Components of the total water

balance of an urban catchment. Environmental Management, 32 (2003), 735–

746.

S. F. Moffatt, S. M. Mclachlan, N. C. Kenkel. Impacts of land use on riparian forest

along an urban – rural gradient in southern Manitoba. Plant Ecology, v. 174,

p. 119-135, 2004.

K. Mokwa. Wintering range of the blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) in Europe: stabili-

zed or changing? The Ring, 31 (2009), 45–58.

A. P. Møller. Flight distance of urban birds, predation, and selection for urban life.

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 63 (2008), 63–75.

A. P. Møller. Successful city dwellers: a comparative study of the ecological cha-

racteristics of urban birds in the western palearctic. Oecologia, 159 (2009),

849–858.

M. Moore, P. Gould, and B. S. Keary. Global urbanization and impact on health.

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 206 (2003), 269–278.

K. Morland, S. Wing, and A. D. Roux. The contextual effect of the local food

environment on residents’ diets: the atherosclerosis risk in communities

study. American Journal of Public Health, 92 (2002), 1761–1767.

E. C. Mueller and T. A. Day. The effect of urban ground cover on microclimate,

growth and leaf gas exchange of oleander in Phoenix, Arizona. International

Journal of Biometeorology, 49 (2005), 244–255.

D. B. Müller, T. Wang, B. Duval, and T. E. Graedel. Exploring the engine of anth-

ropogenic iron cycles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103

(2006), 16111–16116.

J. Munshi-South and K. Kharchenko. Rapid, pervasive genetic differentiation of

urban white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) populations in New York

City. Molecular Ecology, 19 (2010), 4242–4254.

S. Naeem, L. J. Thompson, S. P. Lawler, J. H. Lawton, and R. M. Woodfin. Declining

biodiversity can alter the performance of ecosystems. Nature, 368 (1994),

734–737.

Page 25: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 25, global #409)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas 25

R. J. Naiman. Animal influences on ecosystem dynamics. Bio Science, 38 (1988),

750–752.

S. Napolitano, J. Schreifels, G. Stevens, et al. The US acid rain program: key

insights from the design, operation, and assessmen to facap-and-trade

program. The Electricity Journal, 20 (2007), 47–58.

E. Nemeth and H. Brumm. Blackbirds sing higher-pitched songs in cities: adap-

tation to hábitat acoustics or side-effect of urbanization? Animal Behaviour,

78 (2009), 637–641.

C. Nevison. A reexamination of the impact of anthropogenically fixed nitrogen

on atmospheric N2O and the stratospheric O3 layer. Journal of Geophysical

Research, 102 (1997), 25519–25536.

M. M. Newman, P. J. Yeh, and T. D. Price. Reduced territorial responses in dark-

eyed juncos following population establishment in a climatically mild en-

vironment. Animal Behaviour, 71 (2006), 893–899.

S. D. Newsome, K. Ralls, C. V. H. Job, M. L. Fogel, and B. L. Cypher. Stable isotopes

evaluate exploitation of anthropogenic foods by the endangered San Joa-

quin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica). Journal of Mammalogy, 91 (2010), 1313–

1321.

S. J. Ng, J. W. Dole, R. M. Sauvajot, S. P. D. Riley, and T. J. Valone. Use of high way

under crossings by wildlife in southern California. Biological Conservation,

115 (2004), 499–507.

N. S. Ngo and D. E. Pataki. The energy and mass balance of Los Angeles County.

Urban Ecosystems, 11 (2008), 121–139.

J. Niemela. Is there a need for urban ecology? Urban Ecosystems, 3 (1999), 57–65.

J. Niemela, D. J. Kotze, S. Venn, et al. Carabid beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Ca-

rabidae) across urban–rural gradients: an international comparison. Lands-

cape Ecology, 17 (2002), 387–401.

C. H. Nilon, C. N. Long, and W. C. Zipperer. Effects of wild land development on

forest bird communities. Landscape and Urban Planning, 32 (1995), 81–92.

D. J. Nowak, D. E. Crane. Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the

USA. Environmental Pollution, 116 (2002), 381–389.

D. J. Nowak, D. E. Crane, and J. C. Stevens. Air pollution removal by urban trees

and shrubs in the United States. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 4 (2006),

115–123.

D. J. Nowak and J. T. Walton. Projected urban growth (2000–2050) and its estima-

ted impact on the US forest resource. Journal of Forestry, 103 (2005), 383–389.

E. P. Odum. Ecology, 2nd edn. (Boston, MA: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1975).

E. P. Odum. Ecology: a Bridge Between Science and Society. (Sunderland, MA: Sinauer,

1997).

T. R. Oke. The energetic basis of the urban heat island. Quarterly Journal of the

Royal Meteorological Society, 108 (1982), 1–24.

T. R. Oke. Boundary Layer Climates, 2nd edn. (New York: Routledge, 1987).

T. R. Oke. Urban heat islands. In I. Douglas, D. Goode, M. C. Houck, and R. Wang,

Page 26: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 26, global #410)ii

ii

ii

ii

26 Ecossistemas urbanos

eds, The Routledge Handbook of Urban Ecology. (New York: Routledge, 2011),

pp. 120–131.

T. R. Oke, R. A. Spronken-Smith, E. Jauregui, and C. S. B. Grimmond. The energy

balance of central Mexico City during the dry season. Atmospheric Environ-

ment, 33 (1999), 3919– 3930.

J. D. Olden. Biotic homogenization: a new research agenda for conservation bio-

geography. Journal of Biogeography, 33 (2006), 2027–2039.

R. O’Leary and D. N. Jones. The use of supplementary foods by Australian mag-

pies Gymnorhina tibicen: implications for wild life feeding in suburban envi-

ronments. Austral Ecology, 31 (2006), 208–216.

A. R. Omram. The epidemiologic transition: a theory of the epidemiology of

population change. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 79 (2001), 161–

170.

A. S. Oneal and J. T. Rotenberry. Riparian plant composition in an urbanizing

landscape in southern California, USA. Landscape Ecology, 23 (2008), 553–

567.

M. Oprea, P. Mendes, T. B. Vieira, and A. D. Ditchfield. Do wooded streets provide

connectivity for bats in an urban landscape? Biodiversity and Conservation,

18 (2009), 2361–2371.

G.H. Orians and J.H. Heerwagen. Evolved responses to landscapes. In J.H. Barkow,

Cosmides, and J. Tooby, eds, The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and

the Generation of Culture. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), 555–579.

A. Ortega-Guerrero, J. A. Cherry, and D. L. Rudolph. Large-scale aquitard consoli-

dation near Mexico City. Ground Water, 31 (1993), 708–718.

C. P. Osborne and D. J. Beerling. Nature’s green revolution: the remarkable evolu-

tionary rise of C4 plants. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 361

(2006), 173–194.

D. W. Osgood and J. M. Chambers. Social disorganization outside the metropolis:

ananalysis of rural youth violence. Criminology, 38 (2000), 81–116.

L. K. Page, S. D. Gehrt, and N. P. Robinson. Land-use effects on prevalence of

raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis). Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 44

(2008), 594–599.

S. R. Palumbi. Humans as the world’s greatest evolutionary force. Science, 293

(2001), 1786–1790.

T. S. Parker and C. H. Nilon. Gray squirrel density, hábitat suitability, and beha-

vior in urban parks. Urban Ecosystems, 11 (2008), 243–255.

K. M. Parris and D. L. Hazell. Biotic effects of climate change in urban environ-

ments: the case of the grey-headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) in

Melbourne, Australia. Biological Conservation, 124 (2005), 267–276.

K. M. Parris, M. Velik-Lord, and J. M. A. North. Frogs call at a higher pitch in traffic

noise. Ecology and Society, 14 (2009), 25.

H. Parsons, R. E. Major, and K. French. Species interactions and hábitat associati-

Page 27: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 27, global #411)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas 27

ons of birds inhabiting urban areas of Sydney, Australia. Austral Ecology, 31

(2006), 217–227.

J. Partecke and E. Gwinner. Underlying physiological control of reproduction in

urban and forest-dwelling European blackbirds Turdus merula. Journal of

Avian Biology, 36 (2005), 295–305.

J. Partecke and E. Gwinner. Increased sedentariness in European blackbirds fol-

lowing urbanization: a consequence of localadaptation? Ecology, 88 (2007),

882–90.

J. Partecke, I. Schwabl, and E. Gwinner. Stress and the city: urbanization and its

effects on the stress physiology in European blackbirds. Ecology, 87 (2006),

1945–1952.

D. E. Pataki, D. R. Bowling, and J. R. Ehleringer. Seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide

and its isotopic composition in an urban atmosphere: anthropogenic and

biogenic effects. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108 (2003), 4735.

D. E. Pataki, M. M. Carreiro, J. Cherrier, et al. Coupling biogeochemical cycles in

urban environments: ecosystem services, green solutions, and misconcep-

tions. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 9 (2011), 27–36.

G. L. Patricelli and J. L. Blickley. Avian communication in urban noise: causes and

consequences of vocal adjustment. The Auk, 123 (2006), 639–649.

M. A. Patten and D. T. Bolger. Variation in top-down control of avian reproductive

success across a fragmentation gradient. Oikos, 101 (2003), 479–488.

J. A. Patz and S. H. Olson. Climate change and health: global to local influences

on disease risk. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 100 (2006), 535–

549.

S. Pauleit and F. Duhme. Assessing the environmental performance of land cover

types for urban planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 52 (2000),1–20.

M. Pautasso and M. L. McKinney. The botanist effect revisited: plant species

richness, county area, and human population size in the United States.

Conservation Biology, 21 (2007), 1333–1340.

M. A. Pavao-Zuckerman and L. B. Byrne. Scratching the surface and digging

deeper: exploring ecological theories in urban soils. Urban Ecosystems, 12

(2009), 9–20.

M. A. Pavao-Zuckerman and D. C. Coleman. Decomposition of chestnut oak

(Quercus prinus) leaves and nitrogen mineralization in an urban environ-

ment. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 41 (2005), 343–349.

M. Pecarevic, J. Danoff-Burg, and R. R. Dunn. Biodiversity on Broadway: enigma-

tic diversity of the societies of ants (Formicidae) on the streets of New York

City. PLoS ONE, 5 (2010), e13222.

J. Peen and J. Dekker. Is urbanicity an environmental risk-factor for psychiatric

disorders? Lancet, 363 (2004), 2012–2013.

W. C. Perdue, L. O. Gostin, and L. A. Stone. Public health and the built environ-

ment: historical, empirical, and theoretical foundations for an expanded

role. Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics, 31 (2003), 557–566.

Page 28: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 28, global #412)ii

ii

ii

ii

28 Ecossistemas urbanos

S. T. A. Pickett, M. L. Cadenasso, J. M. Grove, et al. Urban ecological systems:

linking terrestrial ecological, physical, and socioeconomic components of

metropolitan areas. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 32 (2001), 127–

157.

S. T. A. Pickett, M. L. Cadenasso, J. M. Grove, et al. Beyond urban legends: an emer-

ging framework of urban ecology, as illustrated by the Baltimore ecosystem

study. Bioscience, 58 (2008), 139–150.

M. Piringer, C. S. B. Grimmond, S. M. Joffre, et al. Investigating the surface energy

balance in urban areas – recent advances and future needs. Water, Air, &

Soil Pollution, 2 (2002), 1–16.

C. E. R. Pitcairn, I. D. Leith, L. J. Sheppard, et al. The relationship between nitrogen

deposition, species composition and foliar nitrogen concentrations in wo-

odland flora in the vicinity of livestock farms. Environmental Pollution, 102

(1998), 41–48.

R. M. Plowes, J. G. Dunn, and L. E. Gilbert. The urban fire ant paradox: native fire

ants persist in an urban refuge while invasive fire ants dominate natural

hábitats. Biological Invasions, 9 (2007), 825–836.

R. K. Plowright, P. Foley, H. E. Field, et al. Urban habituation, ecological connecti-

vity and epidemic dampening: the emergence of hendra virus from flying

foxes (Pteropus spp.). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278

(2011), 3703–3712.

C. A. Pope 3rd. Respiratory disease associated with community air pollution and

a steel mill, Utah Valley. American Journal of Public Health, 79 (1989), 623–628.

W. M. Post, T. H. Peng, W. R. Emanuel, et al. The global carbon cycle. American

Scientist, 78 (1990), 310–326.

S. L. Postel. Entering an era of water scarcity: the challenges ahead. Ecological

Applications, 10 (2000), 941–948.

D. A. Potvin, K. M. Parris, and R. A. Mulder. Geographically pervasive effects of

urban noise on frequency and syllable rate of songs and calls in silvereyes

(Zosterops lateralis). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278

(2011), 2464–2469.

F. H. Pough. Acid precipitation and embryonic mortality of spotted salamanders,

Ambystoma maculatum. Science, 192 (1976), 68–70.

R. V. Pouyat and M. J. McDonnell. Heavy metal accumulations in forests oils

along an urban–rural gradient in southeastern New York, USA. Water, Air,

& Soil Pollution, 57 (1991), 797–807.

R. V. Pouyat, M. J. McDonnell, and S. T. A. Pickett. Litter decomposition and nitro-

gen mineralization in oak stands along an urban–rural land use gradient.

Urban Ecosystems, 1 (1997), 117–131.

R. V. Pouyat, I. D. Russell-Anelli, J. Neerchal, et al. Soil chemical and physical

properties that differentiate urban land-use and cover types. Soil Science

Society of America Journal, 71 (2007), 1010–1019.

R. V. Pouyat, I. D. Yesilonis, and N. E. Golubiewski. A comparison of soil organic

Page 29: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 29, global #413)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas 29

carbon stocks between residential turfgrass and native soil. Urban Ecosys-

tems, 12 (2009), 45–62.

S. Prange, S. D. Gehrt, and E. P. Wiggers. Influences of anthropogenic resources

on raccoon (Procyon lotor) movements and spatial distribution. Journal of

Mammalogy, 85 (2004), 483–490.

T. D. Price, P. J. Yeh, and B. Harr. Phenotypic plasticity and the evolution of a

socially selected trait following colonization of a novel environment. The

American Naturalist, 172S (2008), 49–62.

P. Pysek, Z. Chocholouskova, A. Pysek, et al. Trends in species diversity and

composition of urban vegetation over three decades. Journal of Vegetation

Science, 15 (2004), 781–788.

Y. F. Qian and F. Ronald. Assessing soil carbon sequestration in turfgrass systems

using long-term soil testing data. Agronomy Journal, 94 (2002), 930–935.

N. N. Rabalais, R. E. Turner, and W. J. Wiseman Jr. Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia, a.k.a.

“The Dead Zone”. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 33 (2002), 235–

263.

S. M. Raciti, P. M. Groffman, and T. J. Fahey. Nitrogen retention in urban lawns

and forests. Ecological Applications, 18 (2008), 1615–1626.

S. M. Raciti, L. Hutyra, P. Rao, and A. C. Finzi. Inconsistent definitions of “urban”

result in different conclusions about the size of urban carbon and nitrogen

stocks. Ecological Applications, (2012).

D. M. Ramakrishna and T. Viraraghavan. Environmental impact of chemical dei-

cers: a review. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 166 (2005), 49–63.

C. E. Ramalho and R. J. Hobbs Time for a change: dynamic urban ecology. Trends

in Ecology & Evolution, 27, (2011),179–188.

V. Ramanathan, P. J. Crutzen, J. T. Keihl, and D. Rosenfeld. Aerosols, climate, and

the hydrologicalcycle. Science, 294 (2001), 2119–2124.

J. E. Ramirez and G. S. Keller. Effects of landscape on behavior of black-tailed prai-

rie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in rural and urban hábitats. The Southwes-

tern Naturalist, 55 (2010), 167–171.

M. J. Raupp, P. M. Shrewsbury, and D. A. Herms. Ecology of herbivorous arthro-

pods in urban landscapes. Annual Review of Entomology, 55 (2010), 19–38.

D. Rayfield, J. W. S. Longhurst, A. F. R. Watson, et al. A methodology for estimation

of vehicle emissions in an urban environment: an example from Greater

Manchester. The Environmentalist, 18 (1998), 175–182.

J. A. Reale and R. B. Blair. Nesting success and life-history attributes of bird

communities along an urbanization gradient. Urban Hábitats, 3 (2005), 1–

24.

A. C. Redfield. On the proportions of organic derivatives in sea water and their

relation to the composition of plankton. In R. J. Daniel, ed., James Johnstone

Memorial Volume. (Liverpool, UK: University Pressof Liverpool, 1934), 177–

192.

M. Rees, J. H. Roe, and A. Georges. Life in the suburbs: behavior and survival

Page 30: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 30, global #414)ii

ii

ii

ii

30 Ecossistemas urbanos

of a freshwater turtle in response to drought and urbanization. Biological

Conservation, 142 (2009), 3172–3181.

W. Rees and M. Wackernagel. Urban ecological footprints: why cities cannot be

sustainable? And whytheyarea key tosustainability. Environmental Impact

Assessment Review, 16 (1996), 223–248.

W. E. Rees. Patch disturbance, eco footprints, and biological integrity: revisiting

the limits togrowth (or why industrial society is inherently unsustainable).

In D. Pimentel, L. Westra, and R. F. Noss, eds, Ecological Integrity: Integrating

Environment, Conservation, and Health. (Washington DC: Island Press, 2000),

pp. 139–156.

W. E. Rees. Understanding urban ecosystems: an ecological economics perspec-

tive. In

Berkowitz, C. H. Nilon, and K. S. Hollweg, eds, Understanding Urban Ecosystems.

(Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2003), pp.115–136.

W. K. Reisen, R. M. Takahashi, B. D. Carroll, and R. Quiring. Delinquent mortga-

ges, neglected swimming pools, and West Nile virus, California. Emerging

Infectious Diseases, 14 (2008), 1747–1749.

M. Richter and U. Weiland. Applied Urban Ecology: A Global Framework. (Wiley

Online Library, 2011).

S. P. D. Riley, G. T. Busteed, L. B. Kats, et al. Effects of urbanization on the dis-

tribution and abundance of amphibians and invasive species in southern

California streams. Conservation Biology, 19 (2005), 1894–1907.

S. P. D. Riley, J. Foley, and B. Chomel. Exposure to feline and canine pathogens

in bobcats and gray foxes in urban and rural zones of a National Park in

California. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 40 (2004), 11–22.

F. Rindi. Diversity, distribution and ecology of green algae and cyanobacteria

in urban hábitats. In J. Seckbach, ed., Algae and Cyanobacteria in Extreme

Environments. (Berlin: Springer, 2007), pp. 619–638.

S. M. Robaa. Urban-suburban/rural differences over Greater Cairo, Egypt. Atmos-

fera, 16 (2003), 157–172.

G. N. Robb, R. A. McDonald, D. E. Chamberlain, and S. Bearhop. Food for thought:

supplementary feeding as a driver of ecological change in avian populati-

ons. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 6 (2008a), 476–484.

G. N. Robb, R. A. McDonald, D. E. Chamberlain, et al. Winter feeding of birds

increases productivity in the subsequent breeding season. Biology Letters, 4

(2008b), 220–223.

B. Robertson, G. Y. Kriska, V. Horváth, and G. Horváth. Glass buildings as bird

feeders: urban birds exploit insects trapped by polarized light pollution.

Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 56 (2010), 283–293.

A. D. Rodewald, L. Kearns, and D. Shustack. Anthropogenic resource subsidies

decouple predator–prey relationships. Ecological Applications, 21 (2010), 936–

943.

A. D. Rodewald and D. P. Shustack. Urban flight: understanding individual and

Page 31: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 31, global #415)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas 31

population–level responses of Nearctic–Neotropical migratory birds to ur-

banization. Journal of Animal Ecology, 77 (2008), 83–91.

G. Rolshausen, G. Segelbacher, K. A. Hobson, and H. M. Schaefer. Contemporary

evolution of reproductive isolation and phenotypic divergence in sympatry

along a migratory divide. Current Biology, 19 (2009), 2097–2101.

L. S. Rose, J. A. Stallins, and M. L. Bentley. Concurrent cloud-to-ground lightning

and precipitation enhancement in the Atlanta, Georgia (United States),

urban region. Earth Interactions, 12 (2008), 1–30.

D. Rosenfeld. Suppression of rain and snow by urban and industrial air pollution.

Science, 287 (2000), 1793–1796.

R. N. Rosenfield, S. J. Taft, W. E. Stout, et al. Low prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae

in urban and migratory Cooper’s hawks in northcentral North America. The

Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 121 (2009), 641–644.

C. Rosenzweig, W. D. Solecki, L. Parshall, et al. Mitigating New York City’s heat

island: integrating stakeholder perspectives and scientific evaluation. Bul-

letin of the American Meteorological Society, 90 (2009), 1297–1312.

T. Rosswall. The internal nitrogen cycle between microorganisms, vegetation

and soil. Ecological Bulletins, 22 (1976), 157–167.

M. Roth. Review of urban climate research in (sub)tropical regions. International

Journal of Climatology, 27 (2007), 1859–1873.

D. L. Royer, R. A. Berner, I. P. Montañez, N. J. Tabor, and D. J. Beerling. CO2 as a

primary driver of Phanerozoic climate. GSA Today, 14 (2004), 4–10.

M. K. Rust and D. A. Reierson. Use of extreme temperatures in urban insect

pest management. In G. J. Hallman and D. L. Denlinger, eds, Temperature

Sensitivity in Insects and Application in Integrated Pest Management. (Boulder,

CO: Westview Press, 1998), pp. 179–200.

T. B. Ryder, R. Reitsma, B. Evans, and P. P. Marra. Quantifying avian nest survival

alongan urbanization gradient using citizen-and scientist generated data.

Ecological Applications, 20 (2010), 419–426.

J. P. Sadler, E. C. Small, H. Fiszpan, M. G. Telfer, and J. Niemela. Investigating

environmental variation and landscape characteristics of an urban–rural

gradient using woodland carabid assemblages. Journal of Biogeography, 33

(2006), 1126–1138.

R. F. Sage and R. K. Monson. C4 Plant Biology. (New York: Academic Press, 1999).

O. E. Sala, F. S. Chapin III, J. J. Armesto, et al. Global biodiversity scenarios for the

year 2100. Science, 287 (2000), 1770–1774.

M. J. Samways and N. S. Steytler. Dragonfly (Odonata) distribution patterns in

urban and forest landscapes, and recommendations for riparian manage-

ment. Biological Conservation, 78 (1996), 279–288.

D. Sands. Conserving the Richmond birdwing butterfly over two decades: where

to next? Ecological Management & Restoration, 9 (2008), 4–16.

J. L. Sarmiento and N. Gruber. Sinks for anthropogenic carbon. Physics Today, 55

(2002), 30–36.

Page 32: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 32, global #416)ii

ii

ii

ii

32 Ecossistemas urbanos

J. D. Sartor, G. B. Boyd, and F. J. Agardy. Water pollution aspects of street surface

contaminants. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 46 (1974), 458–

467.

M. Sato, Y. Kohmatsu, M. Yuma, and Y. Tsubaki. Population genetic differenti-

ation in three sympatric damselfly species in a highly fragmented urban

landscape (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae). Odonatologica, 37 (2008), 131–144.

J. Scales, J. Hyman, and M. Hughes. Behavioral syndromes break down in urban

song sparrow populations. Ethology, 117 (2011), 1–9.

D. W. Schindler, M. A. Turner, and R. H. Hesslein. Acidification and alkalinization

of lakes by experimental addition of nitrogen compounds. Biogeochemistry,

1 (1985), 117–133.

M. A. Schlaepfer, P. W. Sherman, B. Blossey, and M. C. Runge. Introduced species

as evolutionary traps. Ecology Letters, 8 (2005), 241–246.

M. D. Schlesinger, P. N. Manley, and M. Holyoak. Distinguishing stressors acting

on land bird communities in an urbanizing environment. Ecology, 89 (2008),

2302–2314.

M. Schmidt. Global climate change: the wrong parameter. In Proceedings of Rio 9,

World Energy and Climate Event, (2009), pp. 167–176.

D. M. Schultz, S. Mikkonen, A. Laaksonen, and M. Richman. Weekly precipitation

cycles: lack of evidence from the United States surface stations. Geophysical

Research Letters, 34 (2007), L22815.

M. C. Scott. Winners and losers among stream fishes in relation to land use lega-

cies and urban development in the southeastern US. Biological Conservation,

127(2006), 301–309.

S. Seitzinger, J. A. Harrison, J. K. Bohlke, A. F. Bouwman, R. Lowrance, B. Peterson,

Tobias, and G. Drecht. Denitrification across landscapes and waterscapes:

a synthesis. Ecological Applications, 16 (2006), 2064–2090.

P. Shahmohamadi, C. A. Ai, K. N. A. Maulud, N. M. Tawil, and N. A. G. Abdul-

lah. The impact of anthropogenic heat on formation of urban heat island

and energy consumption balance. Urban Studies Research, (2011), ArticleID

497524.

M. Shao, X. Tang, Y. Zhang, and W. Li. City clusters in China: air and surface

water pollution. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 4 (2006), 353–361.

A. M. Shapiro. The California urban butterfly fauna is dependent on alien plants.

Diversity and Distributions, 8 (2002), 31–40.

J. E. Sharman, J. R. Cockcroft, and J. S. Coombes. Cardiovascular implications of

exposure to traffic air pollution during exercise. QJM, 97 (2004), 637–643.

J. M. Shepherd. A review of current investigations of urban-induced rainfall and

recommendations for the future. Earth Interactions, 9 (2005), 1–27.

J. M. Shepherd and S. J. Burian. Detection of urban-induced rainfall anomalies in

a major coastal city. Earth Interactions, 7 (2003), 1–17.

J. M. Shepherd, J. A. Stallins, M. L. Jin, and T. L. Mote. Urban effects on preci-

pitation and associated convective processes. In I. Douglas, D. Goode, M.

Page 33: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 33, global #417)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas 33

C.Houck, and R. Wang, eds, The Routledge Handbook of Urban Ecology. (New

York:Routledge, 2011), pp. 132–147.

Y. Shimoda. Adaptation measures for climate change and the urban heat island

in Japan’s built environment. Building Research & Information, 31 (2003), 222–

230.

E. Shochat. Credit or debit? Resource input changes population dynamics of city-

slicker birds. Oikos, 106 (2004), 622–626.

E. Shochat, S. B. Lerman, J. M. Anderies, et al. Invasion, competition, and biodi-

versity loss in urbanecosystems. Bioscience, 60 (2010), 199–208.

E. Shochat, S. B. Lerman, M. Katti, and D. B. Lewis. Linking optimal foraging

behavior to bird community structure in an urban-desert landscape: fi-

eld experiments with artificial food patches. The American Naturalist, 164

(2004), 232–243.

E. Shochat, W. L. Stefanov, M. E. A. Whitehouse, and S. H. Faeth. Urbanization

and spider diversity: influences of human modification of hábitat structure

and productivity. Ecological Applications, 14 (2004), 268–280.

E. Shochat, P. S. Warren, S. H. Faeth, N. E. McIntyre, and D. Hope. From patterns

to emerging processes in mechanistic urban ecology. Trends in Ecology &

Evolution, 21 (2006), 186–191.

W. D. Shuster, J. Bonta, H. Thurston, E. Warnemuende, and D. R. Smith. Impacts

of impervious surface on watershed hydrology: a review. Urban Water Jour-

nal, 2(2005), 263–275.

A. Shwartz, S. Shirley, and S. Kark. How do hábitat variability and management

regime shape the spatial heterogeneity of birds within a large Mediterra-

nean urban park? Landscape and Urban Planning, 84 (2008), 219–229.

J. Silvertown, P. Poulton, E. Johnston, et al. The Park Grass Experiment 1856–2006:

its contribution to ecology. Journal of Ecology, 94 (2006), 801–814.

M. Simmons, M. Bertelsen, S. Windhager, and H. Zafian. The performance of

native and non-native turfgrass monocultures and native turfgrass poly-

cultures: an ecological approach to sustainable lawns. Ecological Engineering,

37 (2011), 1095–1103.

L. Simon. Heavy metals, sodium and sulphur in road side topsoils and in the

indicator plant chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 49

(2001), 1–13.

V. Sims, K. L. Evans, S. E. Newson, J. A. Tratalos, and K. J. Gaston. Avian assem-

blage structure and domestic cat densities in urban environments. Diver-

sity and Distributions, 14 (2008), 387–399.

H. Slabbekoorn and A. den Boer-Visser. Cities change the songs of birds. Current

Biology, 16 (2006), 2326–2331.

H. Slabbekoorn and M. Peet. Birds sing at a higher pitch in urban noise. Nature,

424 (2003), 267.

V. Smil. Energy in the twentieth century: resources, conversions, costs, uses, and

Page 34: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 34, global #418)ii

ii

ii

ii

34 Ecossistemas urbanos

consequences. Annual Reviews in Energy and the Environment, 25 (2000), 21–

51.

V. Smil. Phosphorus in the environment: natural flows and human interferences.

Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 25 (2000), 53–88.

B. E. Smith. Structure: nitrogenase reveals its inner secrets. Science, 297 (2002),

1654– 1655.

B. R. Smith. Re-thinking wastewater landscapes: combining innovative strate-

gies to address tomorrow’s urban wastewater treatment challenges. Water

Science and Technology, 60 (2009), 1465–1473.

R. Snep and P. Opdam. Integrating nature values in urban planning and design.

In K. J. Gaston, ed., Urban Ecology. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,

2010), pp.261–286.

Y. Song and G. J. Knaap. Is Portland winning the waronsprawl? Journal of the

American Planning Association, 70 (2004), 210–225.

F. A. La Sorte and F. R. Thompson III. Poleward shifts in winter ranges of North

American birds. Ecology, 88 (2007), 1803–1812.

F. A. La Sorte and M. L. McKinney. Compositional similarity and the distribu-

tion of geographical range size for assemblages of native and non-native

species in urban floras. Diversity and Distributions, 12 (2006), 679–686.

F. A. LaSorte, M. L. McKinney, and P. Pysek. Compositional similarity among ur-

ban floras within and across continents: biogeographical consequences of

human-mediatedbiotic interchange. Global Change Biology, 13 (2007), 913–

921.

M. E. Soulé, D. T. Bolger, A. C. Alberts, et al. Reconstructed dynamics of rapid ex-

tinctions of chaparral-requiring birds in urban hábitat islands. Conservation

Biology, 2 (1988), 75–92.

C. D. Soulsbury, G. Iossa, P. J. Baker, et al. The impact of sarcoptic mange Sarcop-

tes scabiei on the British fox Vulpes vulpes population. Mammal Review, 37

(2007), 278–296.

S. Spatari, M. Bertram, K. Fuse, T. E. Graedel, and E. Shelov. The contemporary

European zinc cycle: 1-year stocks and flows. Resources, Conservation and

Recycling, 39 (2003), 137–160.

M. R. Speight, R. S. Hails, M. Gilbert, and A. Foggo. Horse chestnut scale (Pul-

vinaria regalis) (Homoptera: Coccidae) and urban host tree environment.

Ecology, 79 (1998), 1503–1513.

J. A. Stallins and L. S. Rose. Urban lightning: current research, methods, and the

geographical perspective. Geography Compass, 2 (2008), 620–639.

S. M. Standaert, J. E. Dawson, W. Schaffner, et al. Ehrlichiosis in a golf-oriented

retirement community. The New England Journal of Medicine, 333 (1995), 420–

425.

W. L. Stefanov, L. Prashad, C. Eisinger, A. Brazel, and S. L. Harlan. Investigation

of human modifications of landscape and climate in the Phoenix Arizona

metropolitan area using MASTER data. The International Archives of the Pho-

Page 35: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 35, global #419)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas 35

togrammetry, Remote Sensing, and Spatial Information Sciences, 35 (2004), 1339–

1347.

D. A. Steinberg, R. V. Pouyat, R. W. Parmelee, and P.M. Groffman. Earth worm

abundance and nitrogen mineralization rates along an urban–rural land

use gradient. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 29 (1997), 427–430.

R. G. Stevens and M. S. Rea. Light in the built environment: potential role of cir-

cadian disruption in endocrine disruption and breast cancer. Cancer Causes

and Control, 12 (2001), 279–287.

G. H. Stewart, M. E. Ignatieva, C. D. Meurk, and R. D. Earl. There-emergence of

indigenous forest in an urban environment, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2 (2004), 149–158.

B. Strauss and R. Biedermann. Urban brownfields as temporary hábitats: driving

forces for the diversity of phytophagous insects. Ecography, 29 (2006), 928–

940.

G. Suzan and G. Ceballos. The role of feral mammals on wildlife infectious dise-

ase prevalence in two nature reserves within Mexico City limits. Journal of

Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 36 (2005), 479–484.

C. M. Swan, B. Healey, and D. C. Richardson. The role of native riparian tree

species in decomposition of invasive tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

leaf litter in an urban stream. Ecoscience, 15 (2008), 27–35.

K. Szlavecz, P. Warren, and S. Pickett. Biodiversity on the urban landscape. In R.

P. Cincotta and L. J. Gorenfio, eds, Human Population. (Berlin: Springer, 2011),

75–101.

C. J. Tait, C. B. Daniels, and R. S. Hill. Changes in species assemblages within the

Adelaide metropolitan area, Australia, 1836–2002. Ecological Applications, 15

(2005), 346–359.

T. Takano, K. Nakamura, and M. Watanabe. Urban residential environments and

senior citizens’ longevity in megacity areas: the importance of walkable

green spaces. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 56 (2002), 913–

918.

D. W. Tallamy. Bringing Nature Home: How Native Plants Sustain Wildlife in Our

Gardens. (London: Timber Press, 2007).

P. Tans. Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide. National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Volume 6, (2009).

P. H. Templer and T. M. McCann. Effects of the hemlock woolly adelgid on nitro-

gen losses from urban and rural northern forest ecosystems. Ecosystems,

13 (2010), 1–12.

W. H. Terjung and S. S. Louie. Solar radiation and urban heat islands. Annals of

the Association of American Geographers, 63 (1973), 181–207.

C. W. Thompson, P. Aspinall, and A. Montarzino. The childhood factor: adult

visits to green places and the significance of childhood experience. Envi-

ronment and Behavior, 40 (2008), 111–143.

K. Thompson, K. C. Austin, R. M. Smith, et al. Urban domestic gardens (I): putting

Page 36: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 36, global #420)ii

ii

ii

ii

36 Ecossistemas urbanos

small scale diversity in context. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14 (2003), 71–

78.

K. Thompson, J. G. Hodgson, R. M. Smith, P. H. Warren, and K. J. Gaston. Urban

domestic gardens (III): composition and diversity of lawn floras. Journal of

Vegetation Science, 15 (2004), 373–378.

K. Thompson and A. Jones. Human population density and prediction of local

plant extinction in Britain. Conservation Biology, 13 (1999), 185–189.

H. Thomson, R. Atkinson, M. Petticrew, and A. Kearns. Do urban regeneration

programmes improve public health and reduce health in equalities? A

synthesis of the evidence from UK policy and practice (1980–2004). Journal

of Epidemiology & Community Health, 60 (2006),108–115.

J. H. Tilt. Urban nature and human physical health. In I. Douglas, D. Goode, M. C.

Houck, and R. Wang, eds. The Routledge Handbook of Urban Ecology. (London:

Routledge, 2011), pp. 394–407.

G. H. Tomlinson. Acidic deposition, nutrient leaching and forest growth. Biogeo-

chemistry, 65 (2003), 51–81.

A. Townsend-Small and C. I. Czimczik. Carbon sequestration and greenhouse

gas emissions in urban turf. Geophysical Research Letters, 37 (2010),L02707.

H. Tran, D. Uchihama, S. Ochi, and Y. Yasuoka. Assessment with satellite data

of the urban heat island effects in Asian mega cities. International Journal of

Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation, 8 (2006), 34–48.

J. Tratalos, R. A. Fuller, K. L. Evans, et al. Bird densities are associated with hou-

sehold densities. Global Change Biology, 13 (2007), 1685–1695.

J. Tratalos, R. A. Fuller, P. H. Warren, R. G. Davies, and K. J. Gaston. Urban form, bi-

odiversity potential and ecosystem services. Landscape and Urban Planning,

83 (2007), 308–317.

L. K. Trocha, J. Oleksyn, E. Turzanska, M. Rudawska, P. B. Reich. Living on the

edge: ecology of an incipient Betula – fungal community growing on brick

walls. Trees: structure and function, v. 21, p. 239-247, 2007.

K. Trusilova and G. Churkina. The response of the terrestrial biosphere to urbani-

zation: land cover conversion, climate, and urban pollution. Biogeosciences

Discussions, 5 (2008), 2445–2470.

I. Tsurim, Z. Abramsky, and B. P. Kotler. Foraging behavior of urban birds: are

human commensals less sensitive to predation risk than their nonurban

counterparts? The Condor, 110 (2008), 772–776.

T. Tyrrell. The relative influences of nitrogen and phosphorus on oceanic pri-

mary production. Nature, 400 (1999), 525–531.

K. Tzoulas, K. Korpela, S. Venn, et al. Promoting ecosystem and human health in

urban areas using Green Infrastructure: a literature review. Landscape and

Urban Planning, 81 (2007), 167–178.

R. S. Ulrich. View through a window may influencere covery from surgery. Science,

224 (1984), 420–421.

W. Ulrich, K. Komosinski, and M. Zalewski. Body size and biomass distributions

Page 37: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 37, global #421)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas 37

of carrion visiting beetles: do cities host smaller species? Ecological Research,

23 (2008), 241–248.

S. van der Veken, K. Verheyen, and M. Hermy. Plant species loss in an urban area

(Turnhout, Belgium)from1880 to1999anditsenvironmentaldeterminants.

Flora, 199 (2004), 516–523.

Y. van Heezik, A. Smyth, A. Adams, and J. Gordon. Do domestic cats impose

an unsustainable harveston urban bird populations? Biological Conservation,

143 (2010), 121–130.

J. van Os, M. Hanssen, R. V. Bijl and W. Vollebergh. Prevalence of psychotic disor-

der and community level of psychotic symptoms: an urban-rural compari-

son. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58 (2001), 663–668.

F. Vandevenne, E. Struyf, W. Clymans, and P. Meire. Agricultural silica harvest:

have humans created a new loop in the global silica cycle? Frontiers in

Ecology and the Environment, 10 (2012),243–248.

C. Vangestel, B. P. Braeckman, H. Matheve, and L. Lens. Constraints on home

range behaviour affect nutritional condition in urban house sparrows (Pas-

ser domesticus). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 101 (2010), 41–50.

J. Venetoulis and J. Talberth. Refining the ecological footprint. Environment, Deve-

lopment and Sustainability, 10 (2008), 441–469.

B. V. Venkatarama Reddy and K. S. Jagadish. Embodied energy of common

and alternative building materials and technologies. Energy & Buildings, 35

(2003),129–137.

R. A. Verheij. Explaining urban-rural variations in health: a review of interac-

tions between individual and environment. Social Science & Medicine, 42

(1996), 923–935.

R. L. Vidra, T. H. Shear, and J. M. Stucky. Effects of vegetation removal on native

understory recovery in an exotic-rich urban forest. Journal of the Torrey

Botanical Society, 134 (2007), 410–419.

A. A. Vinogradova, E. I. Fedorova, I. B. Belikov, et al. Temporal variations in car-

bon dioxide and methane concentrations under urban conditions. Izvestiya

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 43 (2007), 599–611.

P. M. Vitousek and R. W. Howarth. Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea:

how can it occur? Biogeochemistry, 13 (1991),87–115.

P. M. Vitousek, J. D. Aber, R. W. Howarth, et al. Human alteration of the global

nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences. Ecological Applications, 7 (1997a),

737–750.

P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, J. Lubchenco, and J. M. Melillio. Human domination

of the earth’s ecosystems. Science, 277 (1997b),494–499.

M. von der Lippe and I. Kowarik. Do cities export biodiversity? Traffic as dispersal

vector across urban–rural gradients. Diversity and Distributions, 14 (2008),

18–25.

L. von Hertzen and T. Haahtela. Disconnection of man and the soil: reason for

Page 38: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 38, global #422)ii

ii

ii

ii

38 Ecossistemas urbanos

the asthma and atopy epidemic? Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology,

117 (2006), 334–344.

L. C. von Hertzen and T. Haahtela. Asthma and atopy: the price of affluence?

Allergy, 59 (2004), 124–137.

M. Wackernagel and W. Rees. Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on

the Earth. (Gabriola Island, Canada: New Society Publishers, 1996).

C. J. Walsh. Urban impacts on the ecology of receiving waters: a framework for

assessment, conservation and restoration. Hydrobiologia, 431 (2000), 107–

114.

C. J. Walsh, T. D. Fletcher, and A. R. Ladson. Stream restoration in urban catch-

ments through redesigning stormwater systems: looking to the catchment

to save the stream. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 24

(2005), 690–705.

A. Wania, I. Kuhn, and S. Klotz. Plant richness patterns in agricultural and ur-

ban landscapes in Central Germany: spatial gradients of species richness.

Landscape and Urban Planning, 75 (2006), 97–110.

P. S. Ward. Ants. Current Biology, 16 (2006), 152–155.

K. Warren-Rhodes and A. Koenig. Escalating trends in the urban metabolism of

Hong Kong: 1971–1997. Ambio, 30 (2001), 429–438.

Q. Weng, D. Lu, and B. Liang. Urban surface biophysical descriptors and land sur-

face temperature variations. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing,

72 (2006), 1275– 1286.

C. P. Wheater. Urban Hábitats. (New York: Routledge, 1999).

C. P. Wheater. Walls and paved surfaces: urban complexes with limited water

and nutrients. In I. Douglas, D. Goode, M. C. Houck, and R. Wang, eds, The

Routledge Handbook of Urban Ecology. (New York: Routledge, 2011), pp. 239–

251.

J. G. White, M. J. Antos, J. A. Fitzsimons, and G. C. Palmer. Non-uniform bird as-

semblages in urban environments: the influence of streetscape vegetation.

Landscape and Urban Planning, 71 (2005), 123–135.

M. C. Wichmann, M. J. Alexander, M. B. Soons, et al. Human-mediated dispersal

of seeds over long distances. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological

Sciences, 276 (2009), 523–532.

N. S. G. Williams, M. W. Schwartz, P. A. Vesk, et al. A conceptual framework for

predicting the effects of urban environments on floras. Journal of Ecology,

97 (2009), 4–9.

M. H. Williamson. Biological Invasions. (New York: Springer, 1996).

W. G. Wilson. Constructed Climates: A Primer on Urban Environments. (Chicago, IL:

University of Chicago Press, 2011).

J. C. Witte, M. R. Schoeberl, A. R. Douglass, et al. Satellite observations of changes

in air quality during the 2008 Beijing olympics and paralympics. Geophysi-

cal Research Letters, 36 (2009), L17803.

Page 39: Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Co ...ofitexto.arquivos.s3.amazonaws.com/ecossistemas-urbanos-bibliogr… · Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co

Ecossistemas urbanos — Prova 4 — 2/6/2015 — Maluhy&Co. — página (local 39, global #423)ii

ii

ii

ii

Referências bibliográficas 39

J. Wolch, J. P. Wilson, and J. Fehrenbach. Parks and park funding in Los Angeles:

an equity-mapping analysis. Urban Geography, 26 (2005), 4–35.

B. E. Wolfe, V. L. Rodgers, K. A. Stinson, and A. Pringle. The invasive plant Alliaria

petiolata (garlic mustard) inhibits ectomycorrhizal fungi in its introduced

range. Journal of Ecology, 96 (2008), 777–783.

W. E. Wood and S. M. Yezerinac. Song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) song varies

with urbannoise. The Auk, 123 (2006), 650–659.

M. Woods, R. A. Mcdonald, and S. Harris. Predation of wild life by domestic cats

Felis catus in Great Britain. Mammal Review, 33 (2003), 174–188.

E. Worrell, L. Price, N. Martin, C. Hendriks, and L. Meida. Carbon dioxide emis-

sions from the global cement industry. Annual Review of Energy and the

Environment, 29 (2001), 303–229.

G. R. Wright, S. Jewczyk, J. Onrot, P. Tomlinson, and R. J. Shephard. Carbon mo-

noxide in the urban atmosphere: hazards to the pedestrian and the street-

worker. Archives of Environmental Health, 30 (1975), 123–129.

J. Yang, Q. Yu, and P. Gong. Quantifying air pollution removal by green roofs in

Chicago. Atmospheric Environment, 42 (2008), 7266–7273.

P. J. Yeh. Rapid evolution of a sexually selected trait following population esta-

blishment in a novel hábitat. Evolution, 58 (2004), 166–174.

P. J. Yeh, M. E. Hauber, and T. D. Price. Alternative nesting behaviours following

colonisation of a novel environment by a passerine bird. Oikos, 116 (2007),

1473–1480.

V. Yli-Pelkonen and J. Niemela. Linking ecological and social systems in cities:

urban planning in Finland as a case. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14 (2005),

1947–1967.

R. F. Young. Interdisciplinary foundations of urban ecology.Urban Ecosystems, 12

(2009), 311–331.

X. Zhang, M. A. Friedl, C. B. Schaaf, A. H. Strahler, and A. Schneider. The footprint

of urban climates on vegetation phenology. Geophysical Research Letters, 31

(2004), L12209.

X. G. Zhu, S. P. Long, and D. R. Ort. What is the maximum efficiency with which

photosynthesis can convert solar energy into biomass? Current Opinion in

Biotechnology, 19 (2008), 153–159.

L. H. Ziska, J. A. Bunce, and E. W. Goins. Characterization of an urban–rural

CO2/temperature gradient and associated changes in initial plant produc-

tivity during secondary succession. Oecologia, 139 (2004), 454–458.

L. H. Ziska, K. George, and D. A. Frenz. Establishment and persistence of common

ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia (L.) in disturbed soil as a function of an

urban–rural macroenvironment. Global Change Biology, 13 (2007), 266–274.