ecosystem mine

8/14/2019 Ecosystem Mine

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ECOSYSTEM

K GOPI


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ECOSYSTEM

The study ofinter-relationships between organismsand their environment

Community-all the organisms of all the different

species living in one habitat. Biotic-Any living or biological factor. Abiotic-Any non-living or physical factor. Population-The members of the same species living in

one habitat. Species-A group of organisms that can successfully

interbreed


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FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB


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Producerproduces food from carbon dioxide and water using photosynthesis.Ex: plant, algae, plankton or bacteria. Consumer

An animal that eats other organisms HerbivoreA consumer that eats plants (= primary consumer). CarnivoreA consumer that eats other animals (= secondary consumer). Top carnivore

A consumer at the top of a food chain with no predators. OmnivoreA consumer that eats plants or animals. VegetarianA human that chooses not to eat animals (humans are omnivores)


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Autotrophmanufactures its own food (= producer)

Heterotrophobtains its energy and mass from other organisms

(=consumers + decomposers)PhytoplanktonPlant plankton i.e. microscopic marine producers.ZooplanktonAnimal plankton i.e. microscopic marine consumers.

Predatorhunts and kills animals for food.

Preyhunted and killed for food.


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ScavengerAn animal that eats dead animals, but doesn't kill them

Detritus or Carrion

Dead and waste matter that is not eaten by consumersDecomposerAn organism that consumes detritusex: detrivores & saprophytes)

DetrivoreAn animal that eats detritus.

SaprophyteA microbe (bacterium or fungus) that lives on detritus.


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Symbiosis

Organisms living together in a close relationship

(=parasitism, mutualism, pathogen).

Mutualism

Two organisms living together for mutual benefit.

Commensalism

Relationship in which only one organism benefits

Parasite

An organism that feeds on a larger living host organism,harming it

Pathogen

A microbe that causes a disease.


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ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS

Pyramid of numbers

Pyramid of biomass Pyramid of energy


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PYRAMID OF NUMBERS


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PYRAMID OF BIOMASS

Convey more information total mass of living organisms (i.e. the biomass) at each trophic

level. drying and weighing the organisms at each trophic level, or by

counting them and multiplying by an average individual mass. always pyramid shaped, it cannot have more mass than that level

(you cannot weigh more than you eat). The "missing" mass becomes detritus and is decomposed.


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PYRAMID OF ENERGY

shows how much energy flows into each trophic level in a given

time always pyramidal

Transfer of energy is inefficient

Energy will be lost as heat energy


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ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEMS

passed on to the biomass of the next trophic

level

stored in detritus converted to heat energy by inefficient

chemical reactions, radiated by warm

bodies, or in friction due to movement.


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ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEMS


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PRODUCTIVITY

Rate of conversion of sunlight to chemicalenergy

Kilocalorie is the measure of energy

Three aspects of productivity: Gross primary productivity (GPP) Respiration rate (R) Net primary productivity (NPP)


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Gross Primary Productivity

Rate at which sunlight is converted to

chemical energy

Kilocalories/square meter/year


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Respiration rate

Energy used by producers

Subtracted from GPP


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Net Primary Productivity

Amount of energy stored

GPP - R = NPP


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THANK YOU

ecosystem mine

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