ecosystem services and well-being
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Participatory Modelling of Wellbeing Tradeoffs in Coastal Kenya Tradeoffs, optimising and thinking outside the triangle. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Participatory Modelling of Wellbeing Tradeoffs in Coastal Kenya
Tradeoffs, optimising and thinking outside the triangle
Tim Daw, Sara Coulthard, William Cheung, Kate Brown, Tim McClanahan, Diego Galafassi, Caroline Abunge,
Johnstone Omukoto Omuhaya, Garry Peterson, Carlos Ruiz, Amini Tengeza, Lydiah Munyi
Ecosystem Services and Well-being
• Millennium Assessment definition is about WB• Relationship is poorly understood and contingent on many
factors• Aggregated analysis can’t say much about WB
Natural Capital
‘Unnatural Capital’:
LabourTechnology
‘WB Context’:Basic needs &
aspirations
Goods
‘Multipliers’-Markets-Values
PotentialBenefits
Access &
Distribution
Human Wellbeing
• Common focus on win-win– Alignment between conservation, and wellbeing
• Trade-offs often not considered• Wins & losses for particular groups may be hidden
Trade-offs in Ecosystem Services (& Fisheries)
The case study
5 km
MombasaNationalMarine Park
Mombasa
Wellbeing Research
(focus groups)
Ecological Modeling
Participatoryprocesses(workshopactivities)
KenyanCasestudy
Aim: to test a framework to identify trade-offs between ES and wellbeing of different stakeholders
-Social-ecological system models-Scenarios
Ecological modellingEcological Modeling
4
3
2
1
Piscivores
Macro-invertivore fish
Acanth 0
Acanth 12 Acanth 24
Bal 0Bal 12Bal 24
Chaetodontidae
DiodontidaeLab 0 Lab 12 Lab 24
Lobster
Lut 0
Lut 12Lut 24
Mull 0 Mull 12Mull 24
Pomnth 0Pomnth 12Pomnth 24
Pomacentridae
Scar 0 Scar 12Scar 24Sig 0 Sig 12 Sig 24
Octopus
Micro-invertivores fish
Macro-detritivores
Planktivores
MicroinvertebratesDetritivore invertebrates
Corallivore invertebrates
Algivore invertebratesZooplankton
Massive corals
Branching corals
Microplankton
Turf algae
Foliose algae
Calcifying algae Seagrass Detritus
Two biophysical models of the reef/fishery- Ecopath with Ecosim- Stella model of reef dynamics
Specific Questions• Ecosystem service delivery
• Fish• Environmental quality
• Effects of fishing by different gears
Ecopath network model
Tradeoffs in the fishery (Ecopath optimisations) Economic
ProfitsEcological
statusFood
productionBeach Seine
OtherGears
But what are the wellbeing implications of
these trade-offs?
Wellbeing research• Focus on fisheries stakeholders
– Multi-gear users (hand line, spear gun, nets, traps), – Beach seine fishermen– Beach seine captains– Women fishmongers– Male fish traders
• What is wellbeing for these people?
• How easy is it to be well?
Wellbeing research
Things that are important for living well
MoneyGood job‘A developmental mind’ (knowledge, education)SavingsProperty
Donor/ start capitalDecision-making capacity PlanningGood fishing gears Health Good neighbours
Implications for different markets
• Different stakeholders rely on different types of fish. – ‘Mama karangas’ buy small fish (mostly caught by
beach seine) to process and sell to local residents– A better ecological condition would result in larger
fish which would enter higher value markets e.g. hotels.
Participatory Processes
• Secondary stakeholders (government, NGOs, representatives)
• Conceptual model’ of the broader system
• Trends, drivers, possible future scenarios & surprises
Participatoryprocesses
System modelling
• Fuzzy logic system model implemented in Excel
• Iteration with stakeholders who provided improvements
Trade-offs as described by ‘Toy Model’• Optimise for 1
group or objective
• Try to balance for 2 groups, or objectives
• Is there a tradeoff? What shape?
What the model can explore
• What about changing the system?• What about human agency, responses and feedback in the system?• What about other stakeholders, other variables?
Balancing/optimising
Alternative jobs in Economy
Beach SeineEffort
Scenarios
• Stakeholder conceptual model• Drivers exercise• Secondary data
• Explore Scenarios with primary and secondary stakeholders– Likelihood– Implications for wellbeing– Winners and losers– Responses
• Finally policy options considering all the above...
Policy Responses to the Scenarios, considering trade-offs
• Example group discussion on Scenario C: Growth– Action: Enforce regulations– Losers: Beach seine fishers
and women fishmongers– Facilitate alternative livelihoods– Women fishmongers are marginalised and hard to integrate
into alternatives– Response: legislation to promote access to fish for women
fishmongers, or fish prices– Resultant trade-off: Fishermen and women fishmongers
Conclusions• Trade-offs and modelling lens to understand
hard choices within the system– Explicitly consider trade-offs
• A wellbeing angle emphasises trade offs between different groups– Identify most vulnerable to change– Identify groups likely to block change
• Scenarios allow thinking outside the model – additional variables and stakeholders– consideration of how to ‘transform’ the system
Thinking outside the triangle...
Many thanks
• Ecosystem Services and Poverty Allevaition (ESPA programme)
• Wildlife Conservation Society• KMFRI, Kenyan Fisheries Department, Kenya
Wildlife Services• All workshop and focus group participants