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TRANSCRIPT
World Resources Institute
Ecosystem Services for Agriculture
An Initial DialogueDecember, 2010
World Resources Institute
World Resources Institute
Agenda
1:30 Welcome and introductions
1:45 Ecosystem services – the big picture
1:55 Ecosystem services & agriculture
2:00 Gap analysis
2:30 Candidate activities
3:00 Next steps
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Biodiversity & ecosystem services (BES)
Biodiversity
Erosion control Water purification Maintenance of soil qualityPest mitigation PollinationNatural hazard mitigationEtc.
Cultural/Ethical
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RegulatingBenefits obtained from
control of natural processes by ecosystems
CulturalNonmaterial benefits
obtained from ecosystems
ProvisioningGoods or products
obtained from ecosystems
Ecosystem services
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Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Findings Degraded Mixed Enhanced
Provisioning • Capture fisheries• Wild foods• Biomass fuel• Freshwater• Genetic resources• Biochemicals, natural medicines,
and pharmaceuticals
Timber and other wood fiberOther fibers (e.g., cotton, hemp, silk)
CropsLivestockAquaculture
Regulating • Air quality (e.g., chemicals) • Local climate (e.g.,
temperature)• Erosion control• Water purification and waste
treatment• Pest regulation• Pollination• Natural hazard
Water timing and flows Soil quality Disease
Global climate (GHG sequestration)
Cultural • Ethical values (spiritual, religious)• Aesthetic values• Education
Recreation and ecotourism
Source: Adapted from the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis. Washington, DC: Island Press.
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Long term utility of ecosystem services
Adaptationto climate change
Natural hazard risk
Payments, markets & incentives
Regulations • Air• Land • Water
ES metrics & science
• Ecosystem functions• Dependence • Flows to people • Tradeoffs• Multiple scales
Landscape restoration
Landscape management
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Ecosystem services and agriculture
• Erosion control • Water purification • Soil quality• Pest mitigation • Pollination• Flood control• Etc.
• Water quantity • Water quality• GHG seq. • Pollination• Flood control• Etc.
MANAGEMENT GOALS• NRCS/cost share (CEAP)• Markets (e.g., nutrient, carbon)• Supply chain development • Grower outreach (Gates)
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Ecosystem services FtM TSCGHG Sequestration Yes Yes
Water quantity Yes Yes
Water quality Yes Yes
Water timing & flows
Water purification (stormwater)
Erosion control Yes
Soil Quality
Pest regulation
Pollination
Natural hazards (e.g., flood)
Local climate (temperature)
Air quality
Cultural/ethical values ? ?
Dependence on ES
Gap analysis
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Landscape planning
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Site level analysis
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Water stress index & dependence
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Freshwater in LCA
Source: Ridoutt, B. et al. “Water footprinting at the production brand level: case study and future challenges.” Journal of Cleaner Production 17 (2009) 1228-1235.
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Water markets currently in operation
KeyStates with high-activity trading markets
States with low-activity trading markets (due to lack of driver)
States with low-activity trading markets (due to recent development)
Grassland Area Farmers Tradable Loads Program
Long Island Sound
Middle Snake River
Minnesota River Basin
Rahr Malting
Southern Minnesota Beet Sugar Cooperative
Bear Creek
Chatfield Reservoir
Cherry Creek BasinLake Dillon
Lower Boise*
Neuse River
Tar-Pamlico
Red Cedar River
* Note: The Lower Boise Program is low-activity due to lack of driver.
Great MiamiSugar Creek
Tualatin River
Pennsylvania Program
Virginia Program
Source: Water Quality Trading: An Overview of Current Programs, World Resources Institute (forthcoming).
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Portland Tradable Stormwater Program
Source: Water Quality Trading: An Overview of Current Programs, World Resources Institute (forthcoming).
San Francisco Bay
Lower Colorado River
Florida Ranchlands Environmental Services Project
Lake Allatoona
Charles River
Maryland Program
Vermillion River
Cape Fear
Passaic RiverLake Tahoe
Shepherd CreekUpper Little Miami
Willamette Partnership
West Virginia Upper Potomac
Water markets in development
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Ecosystem services for LCAs
• Input-output/economic model
• Ecosystem Services Damage Potential
• Satellite analysis
• Landscape and site metrics
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Candidate activities
1. Explore • Dialogues, discussions, write issue briefs
2. Develop impact categories, metrics, methods • Integrate TSC, FtM, others
3. Road test
4. Advance market/payments/incentives • “Satellite” engagement (along chain)• Develop schemes
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For more information: www.wri.org/ecosystems
John Finisdore+1 202 729-7897
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Mixed Forest
Evergreen Needleleaf Forest
Evegreen Broadleaf Forest
Deciduous Needleleaf Forest
Deciduous Broadleaf Forest
Savanna
Shrubland/Grassland
Shrubland
Grassland
Cropland/Woodland
Cropland/Grassland
Irrigated Cropland
Dry Cropland & Pasture
Target States: Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
Step 1. Scope: Southern India
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Microsoft Office xcel 97-2003 Workshe
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Expected change in number of rainy days (IPCC A2) Expected change in rainy intensity (mm/day) (IPCC A2)
Step 3. Trends analysis – Freshwater
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Average daily flow storage capacity by basin
Source: Briscoe, John 2006. “Water: Bracing for a Turbulent Future,” World Bank, October, 2005, Washington, DC
Step 3. Trends analysis – Water regulation
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Case Example: Akzo Nobel
0.2
1.0
1.80.21.01.8
Costs/Price (normalized)
Env
iron
men
tal F
ootp
rint
(nor
mal
ized
)
high eco-efficiency
low eco-efficiency
Energy
Natural resources
Land use
Emissions
Toxicity
Risk
Production Distribution SAR Profit