ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · ecosystem services in practice:...

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Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of Environmental Planning Leibniz University Hanover, Germany Leibniz University Hanover, Germany International Conference Solutions for Sustaining Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services: Designing Socio-Ecological Institutions Kiel, Salzau June 7 th 2010

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Page 1: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and

limitations in environmental managementlimitations in environmental management

Christina von HaarenDept. of Environmental Planning

Leibniz University Hanover, Germany Leibniz University Hanover, Germany

International ConferenceSolutions for Sustaining Natural Capital and Ecosy stem

Services:Designing Socio-Ecological Institutions

Kiel, Salzau June 7th 2010

Page 2: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

StructureStructure

1. Purposes, applications, and methodology of environmental planning – the example of landscape planning in Germany

2. Environmental planning approaches in the 2. Environmental planning approaches in the framework of other ecosystem service concepts. Potentials and limitations.

3. Conclusions

Page 3: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Political decision levels = Political decision levels = Planning levels of landscape planning in DPlanning levels of landscape planning in D

farm

Landscape planning

Global federal state regionEUfarm

local

Page 4: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

4%

Stand der LRP (30.03.2004)Stand der LRP (30.03.2004)

22%

LP in preparation5%

LP in preparationNo LP 29%

Area covered by local landscape plans (30.03.2004)

Regional Landscape Plans

in Germany

92%

3%

1%

LRP abgeschlossen

LRP für Teilbereiche im Planungsgebiet in Bearb.

LRP in Bearbeitung

keine LRP

LP completed44%

Page 5: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Inventory, assessment of the state of the Inventory, assessment of the state of the landscape: Value, resilience, potentials, impactslandscape: Value, resilience, potentials, impacts

Landscape functions*:

• Natural yields function (esp. natural soil fertility potential)

• Water provision function

• Water retention function (the importance of the landscape for flood protection)

StateValue

Resilience/sensitivity

Impact

Which ecosystem services are covered?

for flood protection)

• (Climate protection function)

• Bioclimatic function

• Geodiversity function

• Biodiversity function

• Landscape aesthetic function

• (Renewable energy provision function)

* In planning normative connotation, different from ecology (Jax 2002, de Groot)

Impact assessment

Conception of measures

Abb. : Stellung der Landschaftsplanung im Naturschutz- gesetz und die spezifische Situation

Ziele und

Grundsätze des BNatSchG

Arte

nsc

hutz

gute

fach

lich

e P

raxi

sde

r La

ndnu

tzu

ng

en

Fläc

hen-

und

Obje

ktsc

hutz

B

ioto

pve

rbu

nd

Ver

band

skl

age

Ein

griff

sre

gelu

ng

Umweltbeobachtung

Landscape Planning

Nat

ure

res

erve

s

Co

mp

ensa

tion

regu

latio

n

Goo

d pr

acti

ce o

f ag

ricu

ltur

e fo

rest

ry, f

ishe

ry

Rig

ht t

o s

ue

of N

GO

s

General goals of law

Page 6: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

What is Landscape? What is Landscape? �������� territorial, includes human influenceterritorial, includes human influence

Alexander von Humboldt ~ 1799:

„Landscape is the total character of a region of the earth“

ELC, Chapter I Article 1: “an area,

A region of the earth and aesthetic, cultural, ecological and economic system which reflects the human perception and realisation (ILN 1998)

Article 1: “an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors”

Page 7: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Reduction of the complexity of reality: Reduction of the complexity of reality: What are landscape functions?What are landscape functions?

Actual

land use,

individual utility welfare:

historic land use

Human

demands,

legitimised

societal

goals

Actually used goods: Drinking water, vine,

Capacities

for

perception

measuring

explanation

Value, potential, sensitivity, impairment

Ecosystem processes, structures

water, vine, wood, foodstuff, subjective pleasure…

Natural territorial potentials (Bobeck, Schmidthüsen 1949, Troll 1950, Neef 1966, Haase 1978.:116, Bastian) have to be mobilised (released) by land use

�Term too abstract for practical planning � landscape functions(Bastian, Gruehn, Haaren..)

landscape Ecosystem servicesEcosystem services

Page 8: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Water provision function, Water provision function, retention function (flood protection)retention function (flood protection)

Ground water resources: importance and vulnerability

High sensitivity against nitrate pollution of ground

waterHigh retention, flood protection function Land cover,

43

2

10

Pressure, impairment high : Flood plains without permanent vegetation cover

Land cover, regulating run off, river discharge

0

High ground water replenishment rate

Page 9: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Natural yields function: Natural fertility (value), erosion, compression, contamination sensitivity, ac tual impairment

Soil erosion vulnerablity

Off site damage

4

3

2

1

t/Ha

Source: Mitasowa

1

0

Page 10: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Landscape aesthetics, landscape Landscape aesthetics, landscape experience functionsexperience functions

Inventory and valuation of natural scenery and cultural heritage assets

Attractive landscape elements

Features with

Damaging elements

Scenic views

Features with cultural and historic value

Page 11: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Climate protection

(Quelle: v.Haaren & Saathoff, in Vorbereitung, nach Saathoff 2008; Datengrundlage: Neufeldt 2005; entera 2004)

v. Haaren, Saathoff: submitted

Basis of calculation: LBEG, Neufeldt 2005, Landuse Management plan Entera 2004

Climate protection function as sink or storage

Page 12: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

On 3900 ha synergy with protection of birds, on 700 ha

with insects, on 8 ha with protection of flora, on 24 ha

conflicts with flora

Dealing with multifunctionality: Spatial identifica tion of Dealing with multifunctionality: Spatial identifica tion of synergies and conflicts (climate protection, biodiv ersity)synergies and conflicts (climate protection, biodiv ersity)

v.Haaren & Saathoff, sumitted

Page 13: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Example for map of objectives whichintegrates different landscape functions, alternati ves

• Spatial target zones, e.g. conservation, development, redevelopment

• objectives and requirements for sustainable use patterns Most important targets:

Ergebnisse FH Erfurt „Beispiel Nordthüringen“ (im Auftrag des BMBF)

• Implementation priorities • Development of field margins, hedgerows, buffer stripes along creeks

• conservation of grassland,

• reduce nitrogen leaking on arable land,

• enhance portion of deciduous trees in forests

Page 14: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

How does landscape planning cope with misfits How does landscape planning cope with misfits of spatial interconnections and decision scale, NiM BYof spatial interconnections and decision scale, NiM BY

„The tyranny of the small decisions (Eugene Odum)“

Page 15: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Adoption of higher level objectivesAdoption of higher level objectives

Global Landscape planning

impl

emen

tatio

n pr

oble

ms

federal state regionEU farmlocal

Areas ofinternational nationalstateregionallocal value/importance

Ecological connections beyond political boundaries: Impact on higher tier than pressure; or functional areas cross border (habitat, ground water replenishment); or value high because on higher scale endangered/ scarce

Decision (legal) competence/implementation competence?

impl

emen

tatio

n pr

oble

ms

Page 16: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Considering spatial connections on Considering spatial connections on different scalesdifferent scales

Local landscape plan

Regional landscape plan

Farm

Impairment:

dissection Adoption and

implementation (?) +

regional network adoption + local network + network for

plant

protection

Page 17: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Fields of practical application

Page 18: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Participation and education

� Comments of NGOs citizens, land users on

Information basis for valorisation of Nature

�Targeting the spending of public funds for

Landscape planning supports:

Regulation

� Protected areas

� Impact regulation citizens, land users on planned projects

�Environmental awareness, regional identity

of public funds for environmental services

�Sale of eco friendly products, eco-tourism

� Impact regulation and compensation

Rehabilitation and improvement of landscape functions

Page 19: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Ziele und

Grundsätze des BNatSchG

z

Landscape Planning as interface between Landscape Planning as interface between general goals of the law and implementationgeneral goals of the law and implementation

Landscape Planning: area specific objectives and measures

General Goals andPrinciples of Nature Conservation

Art

ens

chu

tz

gu

te fa

chlic

he

Pra

xis

der

Lan

dn

utz

un

gen

Flä

chen

-un

d O

bje

ktsc

hu

tz

Bio

top

verb

un

d

Ver

ban

dsk

lag

e

Ein

gri

ffsr

ege

lun

g

UmweltbeobachtungS

peci

es p

rote

ctio

n

Nat

ure

rese

rves

Compensation regulation

Goo

d pr

actic

e of

agr

icul

ture

, fo

rest

ry, f

ishe

ry

Rig

ht to

sue

of N

GO

s

Monitoring of the environment

Spa

tial p

lann

ing

Page 20: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Integration of environmental aspects Integration of environmental aspects into spatial planninginto spatial planning

Regional landscape plan 1:50 000

environmental goals and information in LP suitable for

integration into Regional spatial plan

Taken from county Hameln-Pyrmont

„Translation map“

The competent authorities have to include all available and necessary information in the decision making process

Page 21: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Procedure of the Intervention Regulation Procedure of the Intervention Regulation According to the Federal Nature Conservation ActAccording to the Federal Nature Conservation Act

Intervention

Avoidance of impairments

Functional compensation

Basic principle of compensation:

Restore function Functional compensation

Material substitution

Legal, political weighing

Monetary substitution

Obligation of developer to pay for reestablishment of functions (compensation)Obligation of developer to pay for reestablishment of functions (compensation)

Restore function (area 1:1)

Page 22: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Approaches to accounting the Approaches to accounting the substitution areasubstitution area

• Reestablishment cost approach for calculating substitution amount

• Standard approach in case of loosing widespread functions which are not in short supply (lower value): product of area and value of lost function (substitute)

+ arguing for best solution (developmentpotential, landscape planning)

� money can be spent on small site establishinghigh value function or vice versa

�developers as well as municipalities look for the least vulnerable areas for development (in landscape plan) as ecosystems with long development times and high management requirements for rehabilitation are more expensive to compensate

Compensation pool for Container Terminal 4 in Bremerhaven

Page 23: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Monetary substitution and difficulties in Monetary substitution and difficulties in practicepractice

• Prices are mostly politically defined

• No material compensation �

• Rehabilitation cost approach suitable for functions with short re-establishment times (< 30 years = 1 generation?), what about functions which cannot be re-established in

Loss of

functions

Material

compensation

Compensation

payment

shortcut

generation?), what about functions which cannot be re-established in political planning timeframes? Calculate compount interests?

In monetary value it is an equal compensation for the tarn.

Page 24: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Information basis for valorisation of Nature

�Targeting the spending of public

Landscape planning supports:

Regulation

� Protected areas

� Impact regulation

Participation

Comments of NGOs citizens, land users on

spending of public funds on environmental services

�Sale of eco friendly products, eco-tourism

� Impact regulation and compensation

Rehabilitation and improvement of landscape functions

citizens, land users on planned projects

�Environmental awareness, regional identity

Page 25: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Modules of the interactive Modules of the interactive landscape planlandscape plan

VisualisationWeb GIS: Interactive maps

Experiences in political decision making and Experiences in political decision making and participationparticipation

• Clearly defined scope for decisions necessary (tier-specific competencies)

• Spatial specification fosters dicussion and implementation

• Decision makers sometimes shy away

Learning and fun, virtual walks

Full digital support of landscape planning,

participation and environmental

education

Participation via web and face to face

sometimes shy away from transparency (new media, monetization?)

• Monetizing losses of land owners reduces emotions in debate

• Communication requires adequate wording, practical actions, examples, visualization

• Farmers often do not like to supply „services“

Page 26: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Landscape planning is useful for three main tasks i n the Landscape planning is useful for three main tasks i n the context of sustainable landscape development:context of sustainable landscape development:

Participation and education

� Comments of NGOs citizens, land users on

Landscape planning supports:

Regulation

� Protected areas

� Impact regulation

Information basis for valorisation of

Nature

�Targeting the citizens, land users on planned projects

�Environmental awareness, regional identity

� Impact regulation and compensation

Rehabilitation and improvement of landscape functions

�Targeting the spending of public funds for environmental services

�Sale of eco friendly products, eco-tourism

Page 27: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Accounting on farms for better marketing opportunit ies: Accounting on farms for better marketing opportunit ies: Quality, quantity, connectivity of biotopesQuality, quantity, connectivity of biotopes

Assessment by open source GIS software

Wert-stufen

1

1

0

Dichte(m/ ha)

90

110

45

70

30

130

155

3

2

45appraisal function hedgerow density

Percentage (farm area) of hedgerows of different value

source GIS software MANUELA (Haaren et al. 2008)

Page 28: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Area to produce nature conservation products

possible adjustments to market demands (on basis of Landscape plan)

„Theoretical Production Potential“„Theoretical Production Potential“

land usearable land

Heide, Moor, ehem. Wald: 12%Forests: 12 %heath, moor, formerly soil

areas with borders: areas of the highest priority (indisposable)without borders: areas with flexible targets and measures

heath, moor

Heide, Moor, ehem. Bodenabbau: 10%

Gewässer: 3%

Acker: 34%

Grünland: 41%

10 000 cattle

arable land: 34%

Grassland: 41%

water bodies: 3%

Forests: 12 %formerly soil extraction: 10%

5000 lambs

Albert et al. 2009

Page 29: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Umfrage 1)

Arten- und Naturschutz in Deutschland (HAMPICKE et al. 1991)Verhinderung des Artensterbens in Deutschland (HOM-MÜLLER 1991)Arten- und Biotopschutzprogramm für Berlin/West(SCHWPPE-KRAFT et al. 1994)

15% der Landesfläche SH für Naturschutz (ALVENSLEBEN & SCHLEYERBACH 1994)

Erhaltung der Artenvielfalt im Lahn-Dill-Bergland (MÜLLER et al. 2001)

Erhaltung des Biospährenreservats Schorfheide Chorin (ROMMEL 1998)

Landschaftspflege in der Lüneburger Heide (CORDES 1994)

Artenschutz im Allgäu und Kraichgau (JUNG 1996)

regi

onal

Ger

man

y

Programmebene

10,238,24

7,208.18

5,682,16

13,194,26

Willingness to pay for nature conservation in D

Quelle: Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN), 2002v.Haaren /2003; Vorl II und III; Folie 21; bei JonczykZahlungsbereitschaft für den NaturschutzZahlungsbereitschaft für den Naturschutz

Artenschutz im Allgäu und Kraichgau (JUNG 1996)

Landschaftspflege im Emsland und Werra-Meißner-Kreis (ZIMMER 1994)Landschaftspflege im Lahn-Dill-Bergland (CORELL 1994)Grünlandextensivierung und Gewässerrandstreifen (umfangreiches Programm) (DEGENHARDT et al. 1998)

Grünlandextensivierung und Gewässerrandstreifen (kleines Programm) (s.o.)

Grünlandextensivierung und Landespflegemaßnahmen (s.o.)

1) Die Befragten wenden sich an die Wohnbevölkerung des jeweiligen Gebietes2) Eigene Umrechnung auf Zahlungsbereitschaft für Haushalt3) Die Befragung bezog sich auf die Zahlungsbereitschaft der befragten Person.

Ob dies auch die Zahlungsbereitschaft des Haushalts ist wurde nicht thematisiert.

loka

lre

gion

al

4,267,16

8,76

2,721,60

1,140 3 6 9 12

€/ household and month

Page 30: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

StructureStructure

1. Purposes, applications, and methodology of environmental planning – the example of landscape planning in Germany

2. Environmental planning approaches in the 2. Environmental planning approaches in the framework of other ecosystem service concepts. Potentials and limitations.

3. Conclusions

Page 31: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Placing the landscape planning approachPlacing the landscape planning approach

1. Goal: Maintenance, rehabilitation, development. Accounting with regard to certain instruments (compensation)

2. Definition, classification, characteristicspublic goods emphasis

3. Concentration in spatial implementation on regional,

Valuation, acounting

Higher decision

Plandscape planning Ecosystem Service concepts

3. Concentration in spatial implementation on regional, local planning tier, Germany national tier not implemented

4. always spatially explicit � concrete implementation

5. consequences of political interface/participation for preparation of planning contents: Terms, priorities, consider danger of abuse in case of monetization

Higher decision levels

?

Participation?

Monetization

Page 32: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

DefinitionsDefinitions

Landscape functions are “ the capacity of landscapes and their subspaces to sustainably fulfil basic and or democratically legitimisedmaterial or immaterial human demands”.Landscape functions are characterised by their value (for satisfying the demands), their specific sensitivity against different pressures, the state of impairment and –optionally – by development potentials.”

• Explicitly include results of human influence on territory

• Focussing on non-commercial market goods, selection optionally – by development potentials.”

(modified on the basis of Haaren, Holitz 1991, Haase 1978, Bastian)

“Final” ecosystem services: “components of nature , directly enjoyed , consumed, or used to yield human well-being” (Boyed, Banzhaf 2007 p:619).

Ecosystem services are the aspects of ecosystems utilized (actively or passively) to produce human well-being.1) services must be ecological phenomena and 2) they do not have to be directly utilized. Fisher et al. 2009:645

goods, selection criteria: basic, long time, legitimised human needs

Fisher et al. 2009 non excludable

Non rival

•Inclusion of potential, resilience, impairment

Page 33: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Pros and cons of including actual goods,Pros and cons of including actual goods,commercial benefits in landscape planning valuation ?commercial benefits in landscape planning valuation ?

� Task of government is to preserve preconditions for different use options (societal, long term perspective)

� Actual use is short term, volatile, changeable � considered as a variable for management

� Actual benefit is perceived individually and differently and can be valuated only on local/ sub-local levelvaluated only on local/ sub-local level

� Commercial benefits are brought forward in the spatial planning process anyway by stakeholders, other administrations

+ Acceptability by stakeholders and political support would rise. Synergies between land use + conservation

+ monetization facilitates communication with political decision makers

Page 34: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Options for accounting, Options for accounting, monetization on the basis of monetization on the basis of landscape planninglandscape planning historic

land use

Actual land use

Actually used goods: Drinking water, wood, foodstuff,subjective pleasure…

Potential market, Actual and Actual contribution

Applications:

Communication

with political

decision makers

Support precaution, preservation; cost benefit analysis in decision

procedures, compensation costs.

Value, potential, sensitivity, impairment

Green GDP, calculate taxes, levies in case of external costs

Potential market, rehabilitation value of

functions & development potential

Actual and potential

rehabilitation costs

Actual contribution to GDP, non market goods, contingent

valuation

Options for

monetization:

Page 35: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

StructureStructure

1. Purposes, applications, and methodology of environmental planning – the example of landscape planning in Germany

2. Environmental planning approaches in the 2. Environmental planning approaches in the framework of other ecosystem service concepts. Potentials and limitations.

3. Conclusions

Page 36: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

3. Conclusion: 3. Conclusion: Potentials of a better integration of the approache sPotentials of a better integration of the approache s

1. Supplement environmental management with an additional (separate) ecosystem service accounting and monetization (national, state level)

• parallel “bookkeeping” especially in SEA, EIA

• Inclusion of time effects: compound interests, discounting?

2. Better framework for accounting needed: Homogeneous standards for assessment, valuation, geodata for all planning tiers (integrated environmental information systems � INSPIRE)

historic land use

Actual land use

Value, potential, sensitivity, impairment

environmental information systems � INSPIRE)

3. Use of methodologies and data from environmental management in accounting (inventory, assessment)

4. Open questions:

• How to tackle risks of setting off nature values against each other and against commercial market values (weak sustainability)?

• Communication with citizens: In connection to biodiversity and landscape beauty � danger of disenchantment of nature

Page 37: Ecosystem services in practice: potentials ... - uni-kiel.de · Ecosystem services in practice: potentials and limitations in environmental management Christina von Haaren Dept. of

Thank you very much for your attentionThank you very much for your attention