ecosystems
DESCRIPTION
Ecosystems. Ecosystem. Ecosystem. Community. Community. Population. Population. Organism. Organism. An ecosystem includes all of the organisms as well as the climate, soil, water, rocks and other nonliving things in a given area. Community. Community. Population. Population. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Ecosystems
OrganismOrganism
Population
Population
Community
Community
Ecosystem
Ecosystem
• An ecosystem includes all of the organisms as well as the climate, soil, water, rocks and other nonliving things in a given area.
OrganismOrganism
Population
Population
Community
Community
• A community is a group of different species that live together in one area.
An ecosystem includes both biotic and
abiotic factors. • Biotic factors are living things.
– plants– animals– fungi– bacteria
plants
• Abiotic factors are nonliving things.
– moisture– temperature– wind– sunlight – soil
moisture
sunlight
Use the following terms for the examples on the next Use the following terms for the examples on the next several pagesseveral pages
habitathabitat communitycommunity ecosystemecosystem abiotic factorsabiotic factors biotic factorsbiotic factors biodiversitybiodiversity successionsuccession
An anthill
• habitat
A forest
• ecosystem
548 different species living in the forest
• biodiversity
The damp soil of a forest within which a mushroom grows.
• habitat
The pH of a lake
• Abiotic factor
First grasses, then shrubs, then small trees, finally large trees grow
in an area
• Succession
Frogs, fish, turtles, lilypads, and dragonflies in a pond
• Community or biotic factors
A prairie, with its living and nonliving components
• An Ecosystem
All the organisms in acompost pile
Community or
biotic factors
Give examples of:• community• black bears, Eastern rattlesnakes, bluebirds,
trees, shrubs• abiotic factors• temperature, rainfall, humidity, smog level• habitat• bee hive, rabbit burrow, squirrel nest• producers• trees, grasses, algae in streams• consumers• deer, rabbits, squirrels, foxes, birds• decomposers• bacteria, worms
Making a food webhttp://www.classzone.com/cz/books/bio_07/resources/htmls/animated_biology/unit5/bio_ch13_0421_ab_foodweb.html
Trophic Levels (feeding levels)
3
2
1
Food webs
Trophic Level Producer, herbivore, omnivore, or carnivore?
Grass
Mouse
Grasshopper
Frog
Owl
Hawk
Trophic Level Producer, herbivore, omnivore, or carnivore?
Grass 1st Producer
Mouse 2nd Herbivore
Grasshopper 2nd Herbivore
Frog 3rd Carnivore
Owl 3rd and 4th Carnivore
Hawk 3rd Carnivore
Only ___ % of the energy from one trophic level passes to the next.
What happens to the remaining 90%?
It is used by the organisms or converted to heat
Water cycle p. 90
A = precipitation
B = precipitation
C = transpiration (water released from plants)
D = percolation or seepage
E = runoff
F = evaporation
A = carbon dioxide
in air
B = photosynthesis
C = plants, algae
D = respiration
E = herbivore
consuming grass
F = carnivore
consuming animal
G = respiration
H = death
I = bacteria
J = decay releases CO2
K = fossil fuels produced
L = refinery
M = combustion/burning of fossil fuels
N = burning releases CO2
O = fires release CO2
Nitrogen cycle
A = atmospheric nitrogenB = nitrogen converted to ammonia
C = legume (peas,peanuts, beans,alfalfa)D = bacteriaE = waste convertedto ammonia
F = nitrates formed from ammonia
G and H = bacteria
I = plants use nitrates
J = animals eat plants
K = bacteria convert nitrates to nitrogen