ecosystems and energy
DESCRIPTION
pptTRANSCRIPT
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Ecosystems
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An ecosystem includes all of the organisms as well as the nonliving things in a given area.
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A community is a group of different species that live together in one area.
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An ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors are living things.PlantsAnimalsBacteria
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Abiotic factors are nonliving things. moisturetemperaturewindsunlight soil
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What is the primary source of energy for an ecosystem?
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ProducersMakes food by changing light energy of the sun into chemical energy, or foodAlso called AutotrophsEx. Plants, algae, some bacteria
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ConsumersOrganisms that do not make their own food
Also known as HETEROTROPHS
Ex. Rabbits, Deer, Mushrooms
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Heterotrophs
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HeterotrophsConsumersA. Herbivores eat ONLY plantsEx. Cows, Elephants, Giraffes
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HeterotrophsConsumersB. Omnivores eat BOTH plants and animals Ex. Bears and Humans
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HeterotrophsConsumersC. Carnivores eat ONLY other animalsEx. Lions, Tigers, Hawks
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HeterotrophsConsumersD. Scavengers/Detritivores feed on the tissue of dead organisms (both plants and animals)Ex. Vultures, Crows, and Shrimp
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HeterotrophsConsumersE. Decomposers absorb any dead material and break it down into simple nutrients or fertilizersEx. Bacteria and Mushrooms
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Food Chain
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Food ChainsThe energy flow from one trophic level to the other is know as a food chainProducers are at the first TROPHIC LEVELPrimary Consumers are the SECOND TROPHIC LEVELSecondary consumers are at the THIRD TROPHIC LEVEL
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Trophic Levels (feeding levels)3
2
1
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Food WebMost organisms eat more than JUST one organism
When more organisms are involved it is know as a FOOD WEB
Food webs are more complex and involve lots of organisms
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Food webs
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Transfer of EnergyWhen a lion eats a zebra, it does not get all of the energy from the zebra (much of it is lost as heat)
Only 10% of the energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next this is called the 10% rule
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Ecological Pyramid
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Three hundred trout are needed to support one man for a year. The trout, in turn, must consume 90,000 frogs, that must consume 27 million grasshoppers that live off of 1,000 tons of grass. -- G. Tyler Miller, Jr., American Chemist (1971)
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Ecological PyramidWhich level has the most energy?Which level has the most organisms?Which level has the least organisms?Which level has the least energy?
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Pyramid of NumbersShows the numbers of individual organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem.A vast number of producers are required to support even a few top level consumers.
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Biomass pyramid Biomass is a measure of the total dry mass of organisms in a given area.
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