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History 122 a & b

Ecotopia?: Landscape & Identity in the Pacific NorthwestFal l 2010

Instructor: Doug Sackman• email: dsackman@ups.eduPhone: 3913 • Office: Wyatt 138

• Office Hours: Tu: 10-11.30; Friday 11-11.50am (I am also available to meet with you at other times; just email me for an appointment) • Webpage: http://www.ups.edu/faculty/dsackman/

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O v e r v i e wIn his novel Ecotopia, Ernest Callenbach envisioned Northern California, Oregon, and Washington separating from the USA to become a break-way “green” republic. Using this imagined place as a kind of base camp, we will explore the multifaceted relationship between landscape and human identity in the region. We will ask: How have different peoples encountered, experienced, and represented the environment in the Pacific Northwest? How has the environment, or at least their understandings of it, shaped their sense of who they are or want to become?

Like soil, “landscape” has many layers. We could say that the bottom layer is the natural environment in all of its complexity; on top of that are the human-made changes that have transformed the natural world into human habitats; and on top of these, are the leaves and humus of cultural values and human representations of nature. Identity is a no less complicated term, but for now we can simply say that it is what we believe our selves to be. It is the meaning we connect to our existence. While there are many factors that shape human identity (family relations, for example), this course seeks to uncover the role and place of landscape in shaping and expressing human identity. We will explore how Americans’ contact with and experience of nature and each other in the region has been mediated by the landscapes they have created, whether they be the constructed wilderness of Mount Rainier, the watery world of Puget Sound, or the Skid Roads and Space Needles of the region’s cities.

Landscapes are both places in which people struggle over resources—or such issues as the building and placement of monuments or waste sites—and they are places that are imbued with value and memory. The values and memories

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are created over time. Because of this, much of the course will be devoted to looking at how landscapes change in the past and to putting the landscapes that exist now into historical context.

F o r m a t a n d O b j e c t i v e sIn the above description, I have emphasized what “we” will do. I mean that: the course is meant to be a collaborative investigation. Class time will be devoted largely to discussions of the readings and the issues they touch upon. These include novels, historical documents, as well as art history and environmental and natural history. We will also take at least one group field trips during the course of the term. Students will be asked to make their own landscape excursions as well.

I’ve designed the course to give you a range of opportunities to participate in the class and contribute to its course. Of course, you are encouraged to actively engage with discussions, raising questions, making points and otherwise contributing to the flow of the conversation. Note that the reading load for this course is heavy and in some cases involves material that is quite dense. The readings for the course are extensive, and essential. Your reactions to the content, ideas and evidence presented in the reading will be crucial to what we do in class. Doing the reading in time for class is thus critical to the success of the course.In reading selections, you will find it useful to take notes and write down particular questions you might have or topics you would like to discuss. As a student, I found that underlining or highlighting passages, while helpful, was not the best way to prepare me to participate in class discussions. I started to take notes on a separate sheet of paper (or on my computer), listing the relevant page number on the left and then some idea or quote that I found interesting next to it. In class, then,

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I could use this as an index of my ideas, and then point to a particular passage as a basis for a question or to present my perspective on a particular issue. You may find that developing a note-taking system will work for you. Please bring the readings to class on the day for which they are assigned. If you do not do the readings, you will get little out of the class. If you do the readings, but have nothing to say about them, then the class as a whole will suffer. The more you get involved, the more you will get out of the class, and the more exciting, engaging, and successful the class will be as whole.As a Scholarly and Creative Inquiry Course, Ecotopia allows students to develop a serious, informed and deep engagement with the seminar’s topic. Ideally, students in this course:• Will develop an analytic, personal and “grounded” understanding of the relationship between landscape and identity in the Pacific Northwest• Will develop their skills of oral and written expression• Will develop their abilities to make a sustained, scholarly argument, including being able to formulate a position on an open-ended topic and effectively use evidence to support that position• Will develop their abilities to read texts of all kinds closely, interpret their significance, and express their understandings and evaluations to others in the class• Will gain practice working collaboratively with their peers• Will gain practice in “reading” landscapes• Will develop their sense of intellectual and creative integrity and independence

R e a d i n g s1. Ernest Callenbach, Ecotopia 2. David Guterson, Snow Falling on Cedars 3. Molly Gloss, Wild Life

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4. John Valliant, The Golden Spruce: A True Story of Myth, Madness, and Greed5. Jonathan Raban, Waxwings6. Charles Wilkinson, with Billy Frank Jr. Messages from Frank’s Landing7. Ecotopia Reader (photocopied collection of primary source documents, stories, poems, and scholarly articles, available in bookstore)

E v a l u a t i o nA. Attendance, Participation, Discussion Papers and Document Gathering Assignments (24%)This category includes reading, attendance & participation in discussions. Regular attendance is expected. Students can participate in class by making points and connections, raising questions, listening and responding to the comments of other students, and otherwise engaging with the flow of the discussion. The Discussion Papers, which will not be graded but will be assigned a number from 0-4 that assesses their general quality, give you a chance to consider the reading assigned for the day that the discussion paper is due and pose a question or raise an issue that the class as a whole might discuss in our class session. You will have a discussion paper due 7 times in the course of the term; you may skip one day of your own choosing. In other words, you are required to turn in 6 discussion papers. [Guidelines below in the syllabus]. In addition, there are also two document gathering assignments (due fro your group on the dates indicated in the course schedule), and a write-up on the Mount Rainier field trip.

B. Tacoma Landscapes Paper (18%)A 5 page paper exploring 2 types of Tacoma Landscapes: (Choose among Industrial, Commercial, Sacred, Park,

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Residential or Public Landscapes); guidelines will be distributed in class.

C. Interpretive Essay (20%)A 5-7 page paper due in week 11 related to the readings and issues of the course. Topics and guidelines to be distributed by week 8.

D. Final Project (26%)The Final Project involves the following four components:

a. Scouting Report: A Prospectus for your Final Project due in week 12.

b. A 6-8 page, analytic essay on a particular landscape and/or a particular “text” about landscape. Must include a bibliography with at least 6 sources. (This reflects the “scholarly inquiry” aspect of the seminar.)

c. Your own “Landscape Portrait.” You present another mode of engaging with the landscape that is the subject of your analytic essay. Photographs, personal essay, poetry, “landscape event” (ask me), artwork, website, video, collage, music…use your imagination. (This reflects the “creative inquiry” aspect of the seminar.)

More specific guidelines for the final project will be distributed later in class.

E. Presentation (5%): An in-class presentation of 5-7 minutes on a person, place or thing—or an animal, vegetable or mineral—that is a significant part of the Pacific Northwest. The presentation should be informative as well as interpretive. A bibliography listing at least three sources

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consulted must be turned in on the day of the presentation. A sign-up sheet for topics will be distributed in the second week of classes.

F. Quizzes (7%): There will be three “pop” quizzes. These will be multiple choice and short answer questions for the reading on a particular day (and may incude questions on the reading from a few days prior as well). The quiz will be done at the beginning of class. Your lowest score of the three quizzes will be dropped.

D i s c u s s i o n P a p e r s : G u i d e l i n e sThe class is divided into 4 “groups”—A, B. C, and D. (This is for the purpose of dividing up the class—you will be writing your discussion papers individually, not in groups). Discussion Papers for your group are due on the days indicated in the course schedule (below). Under no circumstances, including computer failure, may Discussion Papers be turned in late. (In certain circumstances, I may allow you to switch the day for which you write a discussion paper, but you must ask me about this at least 24-hours in advance). Discussion Papers should be typed and between 1 and 2 pages long. The Discussion Papers involve two components: a topic discussion and an issue identification:

Topic Discussion (part 1 of the discussion paper): For the topic discussion, I would like you to write 2-3 paragraphs or so about some aspect of the reading for that day that grabs your attention and you would like to discuss. I am not looking for you to summarize the reading. Instead, I would like you to identify some theme or issue raised in the reading and interpret its significance. You need not deal with the reading as a whole; in fact, you may want to focus on a small part of the larger reading. You may wish to draw comparisons between the readings

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of the day, or between the reading of the day and previous readings. You may wish to discuss how the reading relates to some larger issue in the class (e.g. what is landscape? What is the relationship between environment and culture? What different ideas about the natural world have different peoples held, etc). You must include at least one quotation from the reading in your paper (normally, stronger papers use such citations). Please provide the page number in a footnote or in parentheses for your quotations. I will on occasion ask you to summarize or read your topic discussion for the class.

In including a quote from the reading, please integrate the quotation into your own sentence, and write the last name of the author and the page number on which the quotation appears (if available) in parentheses (or use a footnote, if you prefer). For example, you might write:

Dolores Hayden suggests that a person’s “sense of place is both a biological response to the surrounding physical environment and a cultural creation…” (Hayden, 16).

This is one way of linking up the quote to your own words in a sentence. Avoid just plopping in the quote, i.e., don’t do this:

Peoples’ relationship to the landscape is both physical and mental. “An individual’s sense of place is both a biological response to the surrounding physical environment and a cultural creation as geographer Yi-Fu Tuan has argued” (Hayden, 16).

Issue ID (part 2 of the discussion paper): The second component of the Discussion Paper is the identification of

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some issue that can be suitable for class discussion. This can be two or three sentences long, and it can be as simple as identifying a quote from one of the readings that you find illuminating and interesting or questionable and briefly stating what important issue you see in the quote. You might also raise a point of comparison between readings. The issue may be related to your topic discussion, though it need not be. Be prepared with these: I will on occasion ask you to present your issue id in class as a way to start discussion.

The Importance of Preparation (notes, reading journal): To work well, each and every student needs to do the reading, and to reflect upon it. That is, you need to come to class not only having taken in the words, but also thinking about their implications. To encourage responsible reading and reflection in the course (as well as cultivate sound college course preparation habits), you my find it a good idea to take notes on the reading and keep a reading journal. A better way to take notes than writing in the margin is to use a separate sheet of paper, or keep an ongoing reading journal. Whenever something happens that you want to note or remember, or some quote appears that is interesting to you, make an entry in your notes. Write the page number on the left, and the quote, or word, or observation next to it. As a bonus, you can use these notes that you take on quizzes. Such notes are also useful when you write your papers.

G r a d i n g P o l i c i e sThe work in all of the above categories will be taken into account to determine your final grade. In general, the writing asks you to go far beyond the recitation of facts and information. You will be formulating your own ideas and arguments, gathering and organizing evidence to support your positions, and putting it all together in finished essays

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that are at their best polished, engaging, original, creative, and/or provocative. The Discussion Papers are more informal in orientation, and one of their purposes is to allow you to pursue your ideas and hone your writing talents without the pressure of grades. The following statements will give you some idea what level of work and participation constitutes what kind of grade in this course:Work that is of D-level or below does not rise to the standards of expectations in the class, which are reflected in the description of C-level work.C-level work is considered both average and respectable in this course. Work that merits a C represents a serious engagement with the class and the course materials by the student. For papers, this means that the paper deals with its topic, makes use of the proper number and type of sources, shows that the student has grappled with the readings and issues, and advances a central idea or thesis. Yet, the thesis may be vague and there may be problems with the mechanics, organization or clarity of the paper. In terms of participation, the C-level student regularly attends, is attentive to what is going on in the classroom, occasionally offers ideas and perspectives in class, completes the Discussion Papers in satisfactory fashion, and willingly contributes to small group discussions. B-level work is very good. It represents both serious engagement with and reasonable mastery of the course material. The B-level student maintains their degree of engagement throughout the course, and usually their work shows improvement. Papers that merit a B are well-crafted and organized, advance a central thesis that addresses the paper’s topic in an interesting or illuminating fashion, are mostly free from mechanical and grammatical errors, draw effectively on a range of materials, and are generally persuasive and cogent in their argument. B-level participation

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involves regular attendance and participation in class discussions, and is an active and engaged listener as well (showing that he or she can pick up on the contributions made by others in the class) Comments and contributions are often based on a careful consideration of the readings. For example, such a student may sometimes point to a specific passage in the text to back up or develop their comment or question. A-level work is exceptional. Not only do A-level papers display all of the good qualities of a B-paper, their central argument is advanced with an exceptionally impressive degree of sophistication, originality or insight. The paper’s organization, craft and use of evidence are all excellent. In terms of participation, contributions to class discussions are both frequent and particularly insightful.Late Policy: Assignments that are up to 24 hours late will receive a 1/3 grade reduction (e.g. a B would become a B-); assignments turned in more than one but less than two days late will be lowered 2/3 of a grade; work turned in 3 days late will be lowered a full grade; work turned in beyond 3 days late will receive a 1 1/3 reduction.

A c a d e m i c H o n e s t y Faith in your academic integrity is vital to all we do at UPS. It should go without saying that the college expects that all work submitted for evaluation in courses will be the product of the student’s own labor and imagination. Of course, you are free to speak with others about your work and share ideas and perspectives. In writing your papers, though, you are developing your own ideas and arguments. You can incorporate the ideas or words of others in your own paper, but to do so you must properly cite your sources. Turning in a paper that attempts to pass off the words or ideas of others as your own constitutes plagiarism (see The Logger (aka “The

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Academic Handbook”) for more information on plagiarism and University policies on academic honesty, online at http://www.ups.edu/x4718.xml). Like other forms of cheating, plagiarism is a contamination that pollutes our environment. Students who knowingly turn in work that involves plagiarism or is marred by other forms of cheating will not pass the course (i.e., they will receive an F), though more severe penalties may be recommended for egregious cases.

One can understand the temptation to turn in illegitimate work: students working under intense pressures may turn to cheating as an easy way out. But to do so, you not only steal the work of others, you cheat yourself and your fellow students as well. A real degree from UPS cannot be obtained through looting. If you are worried about your grade or completing an assignment, please come and talk to me. I can work with you to help you get over the hurdles and make it possible for you to get something positive out of the course.

^ ^ ^ ^ ^C o u r s e S c h e d u l eNote: Readings with a number are from the Ecotopia Reader, the photocopied packet of readings; bulleted readings are from the books. Each Week is Numbered. Groups that have a discussion paper due on the readings for that day are noted in the brackets after the designated day (for example, members of groups a, b, and c have discussion papers due in class on the second class meeting).

Part 1: Landscape, Identity and the Pacific Northwest: Conceptual Foundations

Week 1 (week of August 30): Groundwork: Defining Landscape1.1 Introduction: Mapping Home and Going to the Mountaintop (MLK mountaineering)

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1 . 2 [Discussion Papers due for Groups A, B, and C*]:: Reading [all can be found in the Ecotopia Reader]:

Prologue: Wallace Stegner, "The Sense of Place", i-iii 1. J.B. Jackson, “On the Word Landscape”, 2-52. Tim Cresswell, “Defining Place”, 6-12

* For the discussion paper this time: Group A—please focus on reading “Prologue” (Stegner) for the topic discussion and issue id, but be sure to read all 3 of the readingsGroup B—please focus on reading 1 (Jackson) for the topic discussion and issue id, but be sure to read all 3 of the readingsGroup C--focus on reading 2 (Cresswell) for the topic discussion and issue id, but be sure to read all 3 of the readings

Week 2 (Sept 6-): The Regional Landscape2 . 1 [ G r o u p D ] : Socio-political and natural histories of “place”

3. Dolores Hayden, “The Sense of Place and the Politics of Space”, 13-24

6. Arthur Kruckeberg, “A Natural History of Puget Sound”,

2.2 [Group A; + document gathering (see below)] Literature, Geography and the Historical Construction of a Regional Icon

4. Barry Lopez, “A Literature of Place” , 25-275. Barry Lopez, “American Geographies”, 28-3422. John Findlay, “A Fishy Proposition”, 133-150

<<document gathering assignment due in class for all groups >>: Find an advertisement (from a magazine, newspaper or from television) that makes use of landscape imagery to sell a product. In a paragraph, please analyze how the advertisement uses such imagery to sell the product. In

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the course of your discussion, you must use an appropriate quote from one of the Lopez readings.

Part II. Native Americans and Euro-Americans:

Encounters and Perceptions of Landscape in the Region

Week 3 (Sept 13-) Native American Perceptions of Nature and Europeans Perceptions of Nature and Native Americans (Feb. 1-): 3.1 [Group B]:

17. Yakima Creation Story, 11318. Peter Nabokov and Robert Easton, from Native

American Architecture, 114-118• Messages from Frank’s Landing, 3-46

3.2 [Group C]: • Messages from Frank’s Landing, 49-10419. Coll Thrush, excerpt from Native Seattle, 119-124

Week 4 (Sept 20-):<<Tacoma Landscapes Paper Due Monday by 5pm; please turn them in to the folder next to my office, Wyatt 138>>

Monday night (time TBA, screening in dorm): Film 1: Dead Man

4.1 [Group D]: 21. Seattle’s Speech, 131-13223. Sherman Alexie, “What You Pawn”, 151-160

Part III: Wilderness, the Mountain, Logging Landscapes, and Gender

4.2 [Group A]: 8. John Muir, “Wild Parks and Forest Reservations of the

Far West”, 51

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10. William Cronon, “The Trouble with Wilderness”, 64-7537. Lisa Blee, “Mount Rainer and Indian Economies of

Place,” 271-283

Mount Rainier Field TripSaturday Sept 25, 10am-@ 6pm: section BSunday Sept 26, 10am-@ 6pm: section A

Week 5 (Sept 27-)5.1 [Group B]:

7. Denise Levertov, “Settling”, 509a. Philemon Van Trump, “First Ascent of Mount Tacoma” ,

52-629b. Arthur Tulee, “The Ascension”, 6316. Gary Snyder, excerpt from Back on the Fire, 106-112

5.2 [Group C]:• Molly Gloss, Wild Life, 17-64

38. Virginia Scharff and Carolyn Brucken, excerpt from Home Lands: How Women Made the West, 283b-307 *

Week 6 (Oct 4-):6.1 [Group D]:

• Gloss, Wild Life, 65-16028. Stewart Holbrook, selection from Holy Old Mackinaw,

189-190

6.2 [Group A] • Gloss, Wild Life, 161-end

[Friday 3.30: History Department Forum and Introduction (optional)]

Week 7 (Oct 11-): Monday: Film II: Sometimes a Great Notion

7.1 [Group B]:

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• Valliant, The Golden Spruce, 3-19; 53-98 29. Ken Kesey, Selection from Sometimes a Great Notion, 191-19530. David Wagoner, “Elegy for a Forest Clear-cut”, 196-197

7.2: No Class; I am away at the Western History Association conference (continue reading Valliant)

Week 8 (Oct 18-)

8.1 Fall Break!

Wed (October 20): Film III: Grizzly Man or Into the Wild

8.2: [Group C]• Valliant, The Golden Spruce, 99-end[20-52 recommended]

Week 9 (Oct 25-):9.1 [D]: 11. Jonathan Raban, “Landscape of the Pacific Northwest”, 76-9238. Virginia Scharff and Carolyn Brucken, excerpt from Home Lands: How Women Made the West,

film: Finding Thea

Oct 27: panel discussion on Eco-philosophy and landscape with artist Ingalena Klennel and Puget Sound faculty, evening (time TBA) [required]

Part IV. Islands of Identity and Racial Divisions on the Land

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9.2: No class; Please attend one session of the race and pedagogy national conference on Friday (or Saturday morning).

Saturday (both sections): Field trip on Saturday October 30 to Washington State History Museum and Museum of Glass, 2.30-@5pm • The Great Hall of Washington at the Washington State History Museum• “Glimmering Gone” Exhibit at the Tacoma Museum of Glass by Beth Lipman and Ingalena Klenell. The exhibition comprises three vignettes, Memento, Landscape, and Artifacts.…In Landscape, a path will meander around sculpted clear glass components that hang from the ceiling and rise up from the floor, creating a curtain of glass. Landscape will reference the pioneering writings of British author Simon Schama and the paintings of Washingtonian Abby Williams Hill (1861-1943). Showcasing cutting edge technology, Landscape will be unique in the world of glass.

Week 10 (Nov 1-): 10.1 [Group A]: • Guterson, Snow Falling on Cedars, 3-112

10.2 [Group B]: [Document gathering assignment for Groups A and D: find a newspaper article that deals with internment. You may wish to use the historical New York Times or The Los Angeles Times, or The Nation (full text databases available for newspapers from the Proquest service; see library website)] Please write a paragraph about the article and relate it to the reading in some way. • Guterson, Snow Falling on Cedars, 113-21531. Patricia Limerick, “Disorientation and Reorientation”, 198-211

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Week 11 (Nov 8-): 11.1 [C]: • Guterson, Snow Falling on Cedars, 216-32611.2: [D]• Guterson, Snow Falling on Cedars, 327-end [final project introduction part A]

Part V: Seattle @ Y2K: Millennial Dreams and Globalizing Nightmares

Week 12 (Nov 15-): <<Paper 2 due Monday by 5pm>>

12.1 [Group B]: 33. James Lyons, “Grunge”, 228-24535 Matt Klingle, “Salmon and the Limits of Ecotopia in the Emerald City”, 245-262[final project introduction part B][Document gathering assignment for Groups C: find a newspaper article that deals with salmon or Grunge. You may use one of the newspaper databases available through he library (including lexus or Washington Newstand). You may wish to use the historical New York Times or The Los Angeles Times, or The Nation (full text databases available for newspapers from the Proquest service; see library website)] Please write a paragraph about the article and relate it to the reading in some way.

12.2 [Group C]: • Jonathan Raban, Waxwings, 1-147Joe Le Sac’s Port of Tacoma/Iraq/Afghanistan War Protest film (as “prologue” to Battle in Seattle).

[Document gathering assignment for Group B: find a newspaper article that deals with the 1999 WTO protests or

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immigration in the Northwest You may use one of the newspaper databases available through he library (including lexus or Washington Newstand). You may wish to use the historical New York Times or The Los Angeles Times, or The Nation (full text databases available for newspapers from the Proquest service; see library website)] Please write a paragraph about the article and relate it to the reading in some way.

Week 13 (Nov 22-): Monday Film IV: The Battle in Seattle

13.1 handouts: excerpt from Alternatives to Economic Globalization

excerpt from Thomas Friedman: The Lexus and the Olive Tree

excerpt from David Solnit, “The Battle of the Story of the Battle in Seattle”

<<scouting report due by Tuesday at 5pm>

Thanksgiving

Week 14 (Nov 29-): 14.1 [Group B]: • Raban, Waxwings, 147-end

Part VI: Ecotopia? Imagining a Sustainable

Society Inhabiting the Northwest14.2: [C]

• Callenbach, Ecotopia, 1-90

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also, please read one of the following: 25. “Dropping Out”176-18026. Community Supported Agriculture, 181-185

Week 15 (Dec 6-): 15.1 [D]

• Callenbach, Ecotopia, 91-181 (selections)36. Matt Klingle, “The Geography of Hope,” 262-270

<Final Project Due Friday of Finals Week by 3pm>

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