edam 5305 chapter 8
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EDAM 5305 Chapter 8. Committing to a Learning-Centered Schedule. Scheduling. A crucial aspect of school effectiveness and plays am important role in delivering a quality curriculum It is the mechanism by which resources are allocated – time, space and personnel - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
EDAM 5305EDAM 5305Chapter 8Chapter 8
Committing to a Committing to a Learning-Centered Learning-Centered ScheduleSchedule
SchedulingScheduling
A crucial aspect of school effectiveness A crucial aspect of school effectiveness and plays am important role in and plays am important role in delivering a quality curriculumdelivering a quality curriculum
It is the mechanism by which It is the mechanism by which resources are allocated – time, space resources are allocated – time, space and personneland personnel
They who control the schedule control They who control the schedule control the school’s resourcesthe school’s resources
A crucial element in instructional A crucial element in instructional design and redesign.design and redesign.
Characteristics of a Characteristics of a Learning Centered Learning Centered ScheduleSchedule Maximizes instructional timeMaximizes instructional time Facilitates professional growthFacilitates professional growth Reflects grouping practicesReflects grouping practices Gives teachers a teachable Gives teachers a teachable
situationsituation Is flexible and learning orientedIs flexible and learning oriented Is responsive to the needs of Is responsive to the needs of
students and teachersstudents and teachers
The Nature of a The Nature of a Learning Centered Learning Centered ScheduleSchedule Some are contradictorySome are contradictory The scheduling making process is The scheduling making process is
essentially a negotiation of trade-essentially a negotiation of trade-offs that results in the best offs that results in the best combination of several combination of several compromisescompromises
High schools face more High schools face more challenging constraints challenging constraints
Maximizing Instructional Maximizing Instructional TimeTime
– First and most important characteristicFirst and most important characteristic– Non instructional time should be kept Non instructional time should be kept
to a minimumto a minimum– Teachers teach differently – some may Teachers teach differently – some may
give more time to specific activitiesgive more time to specific activities- Intrusive behaviors such as calling - Intrusive behaviors such as calling
students from class, shortening class students from class, shortening class time, assemblies, dismissing early, etc. time, assemblies, dismissing early, etc. should be kept to a minimumshould be kept to a minimum
Facilitating Professional Facilitating Professional GrowthGrowth
• Teachers need more time for Teachers need more time for planning and professional growthplanning and professional growth
• Teachers need time for Teachers need time for collaborative planningcollaborative planning
Reflecting Healthy Group Reflecting Healthy Group PracticesPractices
– TrackingTracking– Between class groupingBetween class grouping– Within class groupingWithin class grouping
Summary of the Summary of the Research on Ability Research on Ability GroupingGrouping Curriculum tracking has weaknessesCurriculum tracking has weaknesses Ability grouping for the gifted seems Ability grouping for the gifted seems
effectiveeffective Motivation is present for high ability Motivation is present for high ability
studentsstudents Heterogeneity poses special problems Heterogeneity poses special problems
for teachersfor teachers Heterogeneous between class grouping Heterogeneous between class grouping
achieves better resultsachieves better results Within class grouping most effective in Within class grouping most effective in
mathmath
Providing a Teachable Providing a Teachable SituationSituation
– A teachable situation includes the A teachable situation includes the following elements:following elements:
Class size is manageableClass size is manageable The ability range is not to extremeThe ability range is not to extreme Teachers are teaching in the area for Teachers are teaching in the area for
which they have preparedwhich they have prepared Teachers have access to good Teachers have access to good
facilities, materials, and equipmentfacilities, materials, and equipment Students are not disruptiveStudents are not disruptive
Providing Flexibility in Providing Flexibility in Using TimeUsing Time
The best schedules serve the The best schedules serve the requirements of the requirements of the teaching/learning transactionteaching/learning transaction
In most schools, learning is In most schools, learning is controlled by the schedulecontrolled by the schedule
Types of SchedulesTypes of Schedules
Modular schedulesModular schedules Block of time schedulesBlock of time schedules Rotating period schedulesRotating period schedules The six day cycleThe six day cycle
Responding to Responding to Personal NeedsPersonal Needs Reminder that students and Reminder that students and
teachers are human beingsteachers are human beings Consideration should be given to Consideration should be given to
them. They need time to relax, them. They need time to relax, eat and take care of personal eat and take care of personal needs.needs.
Collective Action for Collective Action for Learning Centered Learning Centered SchedulesSchedules
1. How shall we organize the program 1. How shall we organize the program of studies, grade by grade?of studies, grade by grade?
2. How shall we assign students to this 2. How shall we assign students to this program of studies?program of studies?
3. By what processes shall we staff for 3. By what processes shall we staff for this program of studies?this program of studies?
4. What type of schedule can give the 4. What type of schedule can give the instructional staff the flexibility they instructional staff the flexibility they need?need?
Collective Action Collective Action (cont’d)(cont’d) 5. How should time allocated to 5. How should time allocated to
the several subjects?the several subjects? 6. By what processes can space 6. By what processes can space
be allocated for maximum be allocated for maximum learning?learning?
7. How can the personal needs of 7. How can the personal needs of students and teachers be students and teachers be accommodated?accommodated?
How the Principal and Teachers Can How the Principal and Teachers Can Make More Effective Use of the Make More Effective Use of the Existing ScheduleExisting Schedule
The principal can work with the The principal can work with the teachersteachers
The principal and teachers can The principal and teachers can collaboratecollaborate
The principal and teachers can The principal and teachers can extend learning timeextend learning time
Chapter SummaryChapter Summary
Developing a learning centered Developing a learning centered schedule is an important functionschedule is an important function
Accomplished with active staff Accomplished with active staff inputinput
It protects instructional timeIt protects instructional time Considered a planning tool for Considered a planning tool for
curriculum and instructional curriculum and instructional designdesign