edde 804 - assignment 1

7/24/2019 EDDE 804 - Assignment 1

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Running head: EMERGING LEADERSHIP IN DISTANCE EDUCATION 1

Emergent Leadershi in Distan!e Edu!ati"n:

#ene$its and A%i!ati"ns

A"st"%"s &"utr""u%"s

Atha'as!a Uni(ersit)

EDDE *+, - Assignment 1

.e'ruar) /0 +12

Emergent Leadershi in Distan!e Edu!ati"n: #ene$its and A%i!ati"ns


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EMERGING LEADERSHIP IN DISTANCE EDUCATION

3hene(er t4" "r m"re e"%e !"me t"gether t" a!!"m%ish a 5"int g"a%0 %eadershi is an

indisensa'%e art "$ that e6uati"n7 3hether it8s a sma%% entrereneuria% team 4"r9ing "n their

$irst r"du!t0 "r an instituti"n "$ higher edu!ati"n that has eisted $"r !enturies0 e$$e!ti(e

%eadershi is needed in "rder $"r these entities t" !"ntinue t" eist and thri(e7 This is e(en truer

t"da) 4here the seed "$ s"!ia% !hanges and te!hn"%"gi!a% inn"(ati"ns is a!!e%erating0 !hanging

the %ands!ae in 4hi!h higher edu!ati"n "erates0 and t" 4hi!h it res"nds7

Leadershi is an im"rtant !"nstru!t0 'ut 4hat is %eadershi; ++,? !ite 1@@*? 4h" de$ines %eadershi as an in$%uen!e that is eerted "(er "thers in "rder t" guide0

stru!ture0 and $a!i%itate the re%ati"nshis "$ th"se in the gr"u7 H"gg et a% >++? g" a ste

$urther0 'e)"nd in$%uen!ing indi(idua%s in a gr"u t" a!!"m%ish !ertain tas9s0 and the) suggest

that %eadershi is a%s" a'"ut in$%uen!ing "thers t" ad"t as their "4n the (a%ues0 attitudes0 and

g"a%s "$ that %eader7 .ina%%)0 Uh%-#ien >++B? distinguishes 'et4een management and %eadershi

') e%aining that managers in$%uen!e em%")ees t" !"m%) 4ith dire!ti(es0 h"4e(er %eaders

in$%uen!e em%")ees0 and "ne might add inspireem%")ees0 t" a!t in manners that are n"t

a$$i%iated "r !"nne!ted 4ith their $"rma% r"%es in the "rganiati"n7This aer 'rie$%) eamines a sma%% set !"meting the"ries "$ %eadershi0 and !"mares

th"se 4ith the the"r) "$ emerging %eadershi7 In this aer0 emerging %eadershi is (ie4ed

thr"ugh the %ens "$ higher edu!ati"n distan!e edu!ati"n in an in!reasing%) g%"'a%ied 4"r%d7

The Leadership Field

There is !ertain%) n" %a!9 "$ %eadershi the"ries a(ai%a'%e t" e%ain 4hat %eadershi is7

A("%i"0 3a%um'4a0 and 3e'er >++@? r"(ide us 4ith a sur(e) "$ (ari"us %eadershi the"ries7

Am"ng the %eadershi the"ries that the) des!ri'e are Authenti! Leadershi0 Transa!ti"na%

Leadershi0 Trans$"rmati"na% Leadershi0 Ethi!a% Leadershi0 C"m%eit) Leadershi0 and

eLeadershi7 Uh%-#ien >++B? a%s" intr"du!es us t" Leader Mem'er E!hange >LM?7 3hi%e

these are n"t the "n%) %eadershi the"ries that see9 t" e%ain the 4"r9 "$ the %eader0 the) d"


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EMERGING LEADERSHIP IN DISTANCE EDUCATION B

sh"4 the di(ersit) "$ resear!h "n %eadershi0 and the di$$erent ase!ts "$ %eadershi that get

un!"(ered thr"ugh additi"na% resear!h7

A("%i" et a% >++@?0 $"r eam%e0 de$ine Authenti! Leadershi as a attern "$ transarent

and ethi!a% %eader 'eha(i"r that en!"urages "enness in sharing in$"rmati"n needed t" ma9e

de!isi"ns 4hi%e a!!eting $"%%"4ers8 inutsF >7 ,B?7 Re%ated t" this de$initi"n0 I 4"u%d argue is

the de$initi"n "$ Ethi!a% Leadershi 4hi!h the) de$ine as the dem"nstrati"n "$ n"rmati(e%)

ar"riate !"ndu!t thr"ugh ers"na% a!ti"ns and interers"na% re%ati"nshis0 and the r"m"ti"n

"$ su!h !"ndu!t t" $"%%"4ersF >7 ,,?7 Ethi!s and "enness are issues that !"u%d 'e !"nsidered

ers"na% stan!es0 "ne8s "4n (ie4 "$ 4hat8s im"rtant in a human 'eing trans"sed int" 4hat

%eaders sh"u%d 'e7

S"me %eadershi the"ries ma) 'e seen as d)adi! and ""sites "$ "ne an"ther7 ."r eam%e0

A("%i" et a% >++@? de$ine Transa!ti"na% Leadershi as %eadershi %arge%) 'ased "n the e!hange

"$ re4ards !"ntingent "n er$"rman!eF >7 ,/? and Trans$"rmati"na% Leadershi as %eader

'eha(i"rs that trans$"rm and insire $"%%"4ers t" er$"rm 'e)"nd ee!tati"ns 4hi%e

trans!ending se%$-interest $"r the g""d "$ the "rganiati"nF >7 ,B?7 Transa!ti"na% %eadershi

!"u%d 'e !"nsidered ') 1@@*0 as !ited in ++B? !"nsiders as an im"rtant !hara!teristi! "$ %eadershi7.ina%%)0 there are %eadershi the"ries that seem t" 'ui%d "n re(i"us the"ries7 Leader

Mem'er E!hange >LM? $"r eam%e that !"nsiders the high-6ua%it) "r %"4-6ua%it)

re%ati"nshis that %eaders 'ui%d 4ith their $"%%"4ers0 and h"4 that re%ati"nshi ima!ts %eadershi

>Uh%-#ien0 ++B? and eLeadershi 4hi!h seems t" ta9e a te!hn"-!entri! ar"a!h t" %eadershi

in that it is %eadershi 4here indi(idua%s "r gr"us are ge"grahi!a%%) disersed and intera!ti"ns

are mediated ') te!hn"%"g)F >A("%i" et a%0 ++@0 7 ,,+?7


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EMERGING LEADERSHIP IN DISTANCE EDUCATION ,

S"me %eadershi the"ries ma) 5ust ta9e a trait-'ased ar"a!h and %""9 at the traits "$

e"%e 4h" are %eaders and e"%e 4h" are $"%%"4ers7 M"re !"m%e 4a)s "$ %""9ing at

%eadershi in!%ude eamining the traits "$ $"%%"4ers and the en(ir"nments 4here %eaders and

$"%%"4ers intera!t7 As &ean0 Ha)!"!9-Stuart0 #agga%e)0 and Cars"n >+11? 4rite0 traditi"na%

studies "$ %eadershi ta9e a %eader-!entri! erse!ti(e in 4hi!h $"%%"4ers are re!iients "$

%eadershi7 H"4e(er0 %eadershi d"es n"t "!!ur in a (a!uum and en(ir"nmenta% $"r!es0 in!%uding

$"%%"4er8s (ie4s0 er!eti"ns0 and (a%ues0 in$%uen!e h"4 su!!ess$u% a %eader !an 'e7

Emerging Leadership

Emergent %eadershi is 4hen a mem'er0 "r mem'ers0 "$ a gr"u emerge int" a %eader r"%e

4ith"ut ha(ing 'een !"n$erred that r"%e ') s"me eterna% entit)7 This is a the"r) "$ %eadershi

that eists "n a !"ntinuum 4ith "ther the"ries "$ %eadershi0 h"4e(er it ma) 'e !"nsidered a

sueri"r the"r) "$ %eadershi 'e!ause it is (ersati%e en"ugh t" 'e used in man) di$$erent !"ntets0

and 4ithin it "ne might $ind e%ements "$ "ther %eadershi the"ries7 In emerging %eadershi the

%eader0 "r %eaders0 emerge "rgani!a%%) in a gr"u setting7 Misi"%e9 and He!9man >++? $"und

that in (irtua% teams the atterns "$ emergen!e sh"4ed teams that 4ere %eader%ess0 teams 4here a

sing%e %eader emerged0 and teams 4here di$$erent %eaders emerged7 #e!ause the %eadershi

$un!ti"ns emerge $r"m the needs "$ the gr"u0 4ithin their gi(en en(ir"nment0 emergent

%eadershi ma) ta9e "n the !hara!teristi!s des!ri'ed in "ther %eadershi the"ries su!h as

distri'uted %eadershi0 "r ser(ant %eadershi $"r eam%e7 Misi"%e9 and He!9man >++? des!ri'e

the !"ntinuum as g"ing $r"m str"ng t" 4ea9 %eadershi0 4here "ne end "$ the se!trum >str"ng

%eadershi? is !entra%ied %eadershi0 and the "ther is m"re distri'uted7

An"ther reas"n 4h) emergent %eadershi is "tentia%%) a 'etter 4a) t" ar"a!h the

eaminati"n "$ %eadershi 'e!ause it en!"masses '"th the a!ti"ns that %eaders ta9e0 and the


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EMERGING LEADERSHIP IN DISTANCE EDUCATION

en(ir"nment in 4hi!h the) "erate7 It8s n"t 5ust a'"ut the a!ti"ns "$ the %eader0 'ut a'"ut the

gr"u0 the en(ir"nment0 the re%ati"nshis0 intera!ti"ns0 and (ari"us r"%es ta9en ') the gr"u

mem'ers and %eaders7 #e!9 >1@*1?0 $"r eam%e0 r"(ides us 4ith %eadershi r"%es 4ithin a $a!e-

t"-$a!e thera) gr"u0 4hi%e Misi"%e9 and He!9man >++? gi(e us eam%es "$ %eadershi r"%es

4ithin a (irtua% gr"u that is su"rted ') CMC7

Citing #ass >1@@+?0 &i!9u% and Neuman des!ri'e an emergent %eader as s"me"ne 4h"se

a!ti"ns0 s9i%%s0 and attitudes r"(ide !"nditi"ns that 4i%% r"m"te the m"(ement t"4ard

a!!"m%ishment "$ g"a%s and "'5e!ti(es0 in!rease mem'ers $reed"m and a!!etan!e0 and assist

in de(e%"ing a !"hesi(e teamF >+++0 7 *?7 3hi%e %eaders ma) initiate !"mmuni!ati"n "n tas9

r"!ess !"mmuni!ati"n >Misi"%e9 = He!9man0 ++?0 the) ma) n"t em'"d) a %"t "$ di$$erent

r"%es in a team7 Carte0 Chidam'aram0 and #e!9er >++2?0 $"r eam%e0 $ind in their stud) that

4hi%e r"du!er 'eha(i"rs "$ the team 4ere !"n!entrated0 the m"nit"r 'eha(i"rs >!he!9ing $"r

err"rs? 4ere shared am"ngst team mem'ers and n"t gi(en t" the %eader7 ++,? a%s"

indi!ate that %eaders %a) m"re "$ an integrat"r r"%e in the team0 utting the ie!es "$ the $ina%

r"du!t t"gether $"r the team7 Thus a %eader isn8t the team '"ss0 'ut s"me"ne 4h" he%s m"(e

the team $"r4ard7

Conclusions

The issue "$ %eadershi is a !"m%e "ne7 There is n" sing%e the"r) that e%ains a%% ase!ts

"$ %eadershi0 and there are n" "tima% training r"grams that 4i%% ena'%e "ne t" 'e a su!!ess$u%

%eader7 Emergent %eadershi0 h"4e(er0 is "ne (ie4 "$ %eadershi 4hi!h is !urrent%) 'etter than

"thers in the !"ntet "$ higher edu!ati"n7 Resear!h "n %eadershi d"es indi!ate that there are

r"%es that %eaders em'"d)0 h"4e(er th"se r"%es d" n"t need t" 'e assigned t" the %eader0 and m"re

than "ne indi(idua% 4ithin a 4"r9ing gr"u !an ee!ute th"se r"%es7 In higher edu!ati"n there are


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EMERGING LEADERSHIP IN DISTANCE EDUCATION 2

man) indi(idua%s 4h" are eerts in their "4n $ie%ds0 h"4e(er the) are n"t a%% eerts in

e(er)thing7 #eing a'%e t" emerge int" se!i$i! r"%es 4ithin the team0 4hen it is 'ene$i!ia% $"r that

team0 is an im"rtant ase!t "$ emergent %eaders7 Emergent %eadershi ma) e%ain the 'ene$its

"$ !MOOCs $"r eam%e0 4hi%e MOOCs 4h" seem t" re%) m"re "n the Great Man narrati(e

ha(e 'een m"re the $"!us "$ harsh !riti6ue in edu!ati"na% !ir!%es7.ina%%)0 emergent %eadershi is a%s" m"re en!"massing !"mared t" "ther the"ries "$

%eadershi7 It !"nsiders %eaders and $"%%"4ers0 and the re%ati"nshis 'et4een them7 Emergent

%eadershi !an u%% insirati"n $r"m0 am"ng "ther things0 distri'uted0 !"m%e0 ser(ant0 "r

trans$"rmati"na% %eadershi deending "n the !"ntet7 Un%i9e the"ries su!h as eLeadershi0

emergent %eadershi is n"t deendent "n the distri'uted nature "$ the team and CMC in "rder $"r

it t" 'e use$u%7 Emergent %eadershi !an e%ain %eadershi in '"th %"!a%ied and distri'uted

!"ntets7 In the a!ademe0 sti%% (ie4ed rimari%) as !"m"sed "$ 'ri!9s and m"rtar instituti"ns 'ut

9eeing a gae t"4ard "n%ine0 distan!e0 and distri'uted0 these 6ua%ities ma9e emergent %eadershi

an im"rtant and re%e(ant %eadershi the"r)7

Re$eren!es

A("%i"0 #70 3a%um'4a0 .70 = 3e'er0 T7 7 >++@?7 Leadershi: Current the"ries0 resear!h0 and

$uture dire!ti"ns7 Annua% Re(ie4 "$ Ps)!h"%"g)0 2+0 ,1J,,@7

htt:KKd"i7"rgK1+711,2Kannure(7s)!h72+711+/+/712B21

#e!90 A7 P7 >1@*1?7 A stud) "$ gr"u hase de(e%"ment and emergent %eadershi7 Eastern Gr"u

Ps)!h"thera) S"!iet)0 >,?0 ,*J,7 htt:KKd"i7"rgK1+71++/K#.+1,221B

Carte0 T7 A70 Chidam'aram0 L70 = #e!9er0 A7 >++2?7 Emergent Leadershi in Se%$-Managed

irtua% Teams7 Gr"u De!isi"n and Neg"tiati"n0 1>,?0 BBJB,B7

htt:KKd"i7"rgK1+71++/Ks1+/2-++2-@+,-/H"gg0 M7 A70 Martin0 R70 Eitr"a9i0 O70 Man9ad0 A70 S(enss"n0 A70 = 3eeden0 &7 >++?7

E$$e!ti(e %eadershi in sa%ient gr"us: Re(isiting %eader-mem'er e!hange the"r) $r"m the


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EMERGING LEADERSHIP IN DISTANCE EDUCATION /

erse!ti(e "$ the s"!ia% identit) the"r) "$ %eadershi7 Pers"na%it) and S"!ia% Ps)!h"%"g)

#u%%etin0 B1>/?0 @@1J1++,7

&ean0 S70 Ha)!"!9-Stuart0 E70 #agga%e)0 S70 = Cars"n0 M7 >+11?7 ."%%"4ers and the !"-

!"nstru!ti"n "$ %eadershi7 "urna% "$ Nursing Management0 1@>,?0 +/J127

htt:KKd"i7"rgK1+71111K571B2-*B,7+117+1/7

&i!9u%0 70 = Neuman0 G7 >+++?7 Emergent Leadershi #eha(i"rs: The .un!ti"n "$ Pers"na%it)

and C"gniti(e A'i%it) in Determining Team4"r9 Per$"rman!e and &SAs7 "urna% "$

#usiness and Ps)!h"%"g)0 1>1?0 /J17 htt:KKd"i7"rgK1+71+BKA:1++//1,*+1*

Misi"%e90 N7 I70 = He!9man0 R7 >++?7 Patterns "$ Emergent Leadershi in irtua% Teams7 In

Pr"!eedings "$ the Pr"!eedings "$ the B*th Annua% Ha4aii Internati"na% C"n$eren!e "n

S)stem S!ien!es >HICSS8+? - Tra!9 1 - "%ume +1 >7 ,@71J?7 3ashingt"n0 DC0 USA:

IEEE C"muter S"!iet)7 htt:KKd"i7"rgK1+711+@KHICSS7++7,*2

Uh%-#ien0 M7 >++B?7 Re%ati"nshi de(e%"ment as a 9e) ingredient $"r %eadershi de(e%"ment7

In E7 S7 Murh) = R7 E7 Riggi"n >Eds7?0 The .uture "$ Leadershi De(e%"ment7 Mah4ah0

N: La4ren!e Er%'aum Ass"!iates7

edde 804 - assignment 1

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