editing techniques presentation

EDITING TECHNIQUES

180 DEGREE RULE This is a basic guideline of the reaction or relationship

between a character and or an object in a scene. An imaginary line (axis) connects the characters, the camera stays one side of the axis for every shot in a scene. On character is on frame right the other frame left if the camera crosses the axis its jumping the line or crossing the line which confuses the audience and continuity editing is broken.

In this example it sows the 180 degree rule in action it shows the camera being on one side of the characters this is so it doesn't confuse the audience when watching and matching on action is smooth so he rest of the scene runs smoothly.

Also In this shot reverse shot example is an example of the 180 degree rule. In this example is shown two actors having a convocation. The camera angle is shown two stay on one side of the actor this is too keep matching on action present in this scene and s the audience is not confused about the position of objects and characters when going past the 180 degree mark.

//www.youtube.com/watch?v=jeI6ut13roU

In this example seem to be a horror genre it shows the 180 degree present. For example when they run they stay on the front side of the actors this is so the audience is not confused of the positions of the characters in the frame.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PraBJrJ1adk

EYE LINE MATCH This is to form continuity editing, this is so the audience can

see what the character is looking at. The character will look at something off screen then the camera will cut to the object or person that character is looking at. This could get the audience involved with the film and too create tension when watching.

In this example it shows a young man looking down the camera then cuts to him looking at his phone, this shows the audience what the actor is looking at during the scene it could also connect to a reaction shot.

In this example it shows the young lady looking to the left out of frame the camera then cuts to what the lady might of been looking at. This shows the audience what the actor is looking at which also could lead to a reaction shot. By using an eye line match it could create tension for an audience or give an audience information about the film.

http://www.criticalcommons.org/Members/ogaycken/clips/stendahl-eyeline.mp4/view

In this example it shows another eye line match, a man is on the phone he then looks out of fame the camera then cuts then changes to what he was looking at which is two ladies on the roof. This shows what the man is looking at but could make the audience see what and why he was looking at the girls and the significance they have to the movie or to the scene.

http://vimeo.com/61230883

ESTABLISHING SHOT Establishing shot is a camera showing the setting of the

scene. It also shows the important relationships between its important figures and objects. The shots that are normally used are long shot or extreme long shot and the beginning

of a shot to show where the first of the scene is being set.

This is an example of a establishing shot. It shows the setting that the shot is being placed at this example is in spider man showing the shot of the apartment before showing the characters.

This is another example of an establishing shot. In this example it shows a field with a little house, showing the settings gives the audience a know where the action is going to take place in the movie. Or to show a new setting that a character is being introduced to.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xeEngw-flAY

In this example it shows an establishing shot of the harry potter studio. Establishing shots can be used to create a mood or to predicate the actions that could take place in the scene for example if a horror house was shown, the film could be a horror genre and gory frightening scenes could take place.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qaEi9ju6b_0

SHOT REVERSE SHOT Shot reverse shot is mainly used when there is dialogue

used in a scene, when two characters are having a convocation the camera is put over the shoulder of one character showing the face of the other character, when the next person speaks the camera cuts onto the shoulder of the first character speaking.

In this example it shows a convocation between the two main actors using shot reverse shot to show this I makes the audience know that they are talking also so they see our facial expressions of the characters whilst talking

This is another example for short reverse shot like the other example it shows each facial expression and body language that the actors are pulling it also mostly is used when two actors are having a convocation to also show the reaction of the other character. Its easy for an audience to understand and help the sense smoothly change into one another.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvof8mI6pXk

This is another example showing how shot reverse shot can cause effect and help tension and emotion be shown to the audience this example is again show during a convocation between two actors.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jeI6ut13roU

MONTAGE Montage is a technique in which short shorts are

placed together in a sequence to condense time space and information. This has been used in different contexts to create different stories and different views for an audience.

In this example it shows a bunch shots put together to create a sequence they are normally images put together to create a story without dialogue it moves time and space to create more of a story which would have happened over a longer period of time.

This is an example of a montage putting together images to create a story and to make different meanings with the different pictures, using this effect creates tension or suspense when watching due to the images being put together to create another meaning.


In this example it shows family pictures being placed together to create a change in time and space speeding time up to show and audience what happened in the past with the movie and how speeding up years into seconds is effective when trying to tell a story in a short amount of time.


MATCH ON ACTION This is a editing technique used in films to make the action flow. The director

cuts from one shot to another but the action from the two shots connect with each other and make sense when watching. Most of the time the two shots have been taken an hour away from each other. This show continues time throughout the film and looks effective when watching

Here is an example of matching on action. In this example in the first shot it shows a tall guy in a suit walking forward another man which is shorter is walking backwards, the camera then cuts to the next shot when the shorter man is still walking backwards with the a taller man walking forward pushing him out the door. Using matching on action in films creates a more realistic feel towards the actors and the actions they are putting across it also looks more effective when watching and is easier for an audience to understand

http://www.criticalcommons.org/Members/ogaycken/clips/fridaymatchonaction3.mp4/view

In this example it shows another use of matching on action, the first show is a close up of the women leaning in in then cuts into the second shot of a medium long shot and of her sitting up. Using this techniques causes a smooth and easy transitions between the two shots which makes a better viewing experience for the audience.

In this example a hand gesture is used to change to a new scene altogether. A man sits at a poker tables addressing topics in a convocation he then sways his hand and the new shot is the man at a larger dinner table addressing a larger audience. Using this editing technique a swell as giving easy views and a sign of it being realistic it also fits and goes well with the dialogue that is going on during the film

http://www.criticalcommons.org/Members/ogaycken/clips/mmatchonaction.mov/view

CONTINUITY EDITING The purpose of this technique is to make sure each sequence and shot fit

together and flow when watching and to establish a logical coherence between two shots. Logical coherence is achieved buy cutting continuity which emphasizes time and space. However, some films incorporate cutting to continuity into a more complex classical cutting technique.

This is an example of continuity editing, in this example it uses short reverse shot to show a convocation between the two men this creates a smooth transition between cuts as well as showing the audience what they are talking about as well as there facial expressions.

In this example it shows a lot of different techniques for the whole sequence to run smooth. In this example it shows shot reverse shot, 180 degree rule and matching on action using all theses techniques creates this smooth flow which is easy to watch and less easy to pick up the editing techniques used.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpPWdgGa28k

Again this is an example that continuity editing is present throughout. In this example there is lots of smooth transitions between shots due to the different techniques that are used. Eye line match matching action 180 degree rule, these were used to create the smooth move from each shot and to give a better viewing experience.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwJsptkdKfk

30 DEGREE RULE This is a basic editing technique used when editing most films, it is a

guideline stating that the camera should move at least 30 degrees between two shots of the same event, object or character that is happening in the scene. If this is not present a jump cut will occur will will draw the audiences attention to the editing that has been used.

In this example it shows young man using dialogue with another actor this uses the 30 degree rule by moving the camera 30 when cutting this is so the film does not look jumpy when an audience is watching.

GRAPHIC MATCH This is used during editing when editing two different objects, different spaces

or a different compositions in which an object in the two shots graphically match. This is to help create a strong continuity of action linking the two shots metaphorically. occurs when the shapes, colors and/or overall movement of two shots match in composition, either within a scene or, especially across a transition between two scenes.

In this example of a graphic match it shows different people and objects in different times creating action it then cuts to someone or something doing the same action this creates suspense and links the two shot together to create a story.

Again this example uses graphic match to show the change in time within a few seconds this could tell a story which lasts years in a few seconds it creates suspense for the audience that’s watching and helps them understand the first bit of the film before watching the rest. This example shows a bone being thrown into the air then changing into a space rocket showing the difference in time and space

This is another example using graphic match. This is a horror film so using graphic match helps create the tension that they would want the audience to feel showing different objects manipulating the same action to create that emotion and fear.

PARALLEL EDITING This is most often used in films to establish action occurring at the

same time in two different locations. The camera will cut away from ne action shot to the next which could connect the two action scenes that are happening. This could create suspense when watching hoping the action will be explained.

In this example ‘the great train robbery’ it is manly using parallel editing when changing one shot to another. This creates a suspense when watching it also help with the continuity editing helping the film flow so its easy and interesting to watch

This example also shows parallel editing putting a series of images together of action in the film occurring at the same time. In this example it shows a fight scene happening in an elevator and other action happening with the protagonist. Using this technique is effective because it shows the audience action which could connect with each other and be a vital part of information for an audience to pick up

http://www.criticalcommons.org/Members/ogaycken/clips/godfather.mp4/view

In this example it shows a girl leaving personal belongings outside she then goes into a class room, the camera then cuts into a girl running up to the bag and taking items out. Showing action that is happening at the same time shows the audience the reaction and emotions that are happening In both locations

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ctfW7NgmRQ