editores - universidad católica san antonio de murcia...simposio internacional de relaciones...

Book of Abstracts

Book of Abstracts XIV International Plant Water Relations Symposium Sociedad Española de Fisiología Vegetal Sociedade Portuguesa de Fisiologia Vegetal Madrid, from 3 to 5 of October of 2018 Coordination: David Pérez López Ana Centeno Muñoz

ISBN:

Proceedings of the XIV International Plant

Water Relations Symposium

Madrid, 3-5 de octubre de 2018

FOTO: @galeanojav

Simposio Internacional de Relaciones Hídricas en Plantas 1

Editores:

David Pérez López

Ana Centeno Muñoz

ISBN: 978-84-948550-3-0

Depósito legal: M-30143-2018


Organizadores

Patrocinadores


POSTER 5 Differences in nutrient uptake, physiological and biochemical parameters in eugenia and myrtle plants under salt stress Acosta-Motos, J.R.1, Hernández, J.A.2, Sánchez-Blanco, M.J.3

1Universidad Católica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, 135, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain. [email protected] 2Group of Fruit Tree Biotechnology. CEBAS-CSIC, 25, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100, Murcia, Spain. 3Group of Irrigation. CEBAS-CSIC, 25, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.

ABSTRACT

The strategies to tolerate salinity in plants may involve certain physiological and/or

biochemical adaptations, which help to maintain their protoplasmic viability as the

phytotoxic ions accumulate inside the cells. However, the response of plants to salinity

may vary depending on the species, within the same family. With these premises, a

study on the comparative response to salinity in two species of the Myrtaceae family

(Eugenia myrtifolia as eugenia and Myrtus communis as myrtle) has been addressed.

Eugenia and myrtle plants were irrigated with three different level of salinity during

fifteen days. Irrigation treatments consisted in a Control (0.3 dS m-1) and two NaCl

solutions: S4 (4.0 dS m-1) and S8 (8.0 dS m-1). Myrtle plants avoided the arrival of the

phytotoxic ions (Na+ and Cl-) to the aerial part, restricting the build-up of toxic

concentrations in leaves. Eugenia plants involved Na+ and Cl- accumulation by the

roots to a greater extent, but cannot prevent that Na+ was translocated to the aerial

part. In addition, eugenia leaves showed higher concentrations of K+. In addition,

eugenia plants displayed greater leaf turgor potential values, osmotic adjustment

degree and proline contents under salinity (especially in S8). Stomatal conductance

levels and photosynthetic rates were higher in eugenia than in myrtle plants in all

treatments, reflected in greater values of water use efficiency. In eugenia plants gas

exchange parameters correlated with higher values in the photochemical quenching

parameters and lower values in the non-photochemical quenching parameters

regardless of the applied treatment. Different mechanisms of salt tolerance have

evolved in eugenia and myrtle plants, being eugenia who responded more actively to

salt stress.

INTRODUCTION

Mediterranean areas with high temperatures and low rainfall are characterised by

limited water availability. In addition, a future scenario of climate change related with

extreme environmental conditions as drought forces to look for others water sources in

order to preserve natural fresh water. Saline waters can be an option in irrigation


strategies for efficient water management particularly for ornamental shrubs in

landscaping. Most revegetation and xeriscape projects use a set of plant varieties that

show different levels of resistance (tolerance and avoidance) to salinity. Salt stress is a

well-known type of abiotic stress that produces malfunctions in many physiological and

metabolic processes with a resulting reduction in plant growth and productivity (Acosta-

Motos et al. 2017a). However, the salinity tolerance of most plants depends on the

amount of saline water that can be applied for plant production, especially when plants

grown in small commercial containers. The presence of NaCl in the soil and the

irrigation water is one of the main factors limiting plant growth. Salt-stress affects

different physiological and biochemical processes, affecting water relations, gas

exchange and nutrient balance. A good approach to know different strategies to cope

with salt stress was study two ornamental species of the same family, in this case of

Myrtaceae family: Myrtus communis (myrtle) plants as ornamental endemic species

and Eugenia myrtifolia (eugenia) as ornamental shrub native to tropical areas in Asia

and Oceania and subtropical areas in South America.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Single rooted cuttings (120) of native eugenia and myrtle plants were transplanted into

14 X 12 cm pots (1.2 L) filled with a mixture of coconut fibre, sphagnum peat and

perlite (8:7:1) and amended with Osmocote plus (2 g L-1) substrate) (14:13:13 N, P, K

microelements). The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment growth

chamber set to simulate Mediterranean natural conditions. Control plants for both

species were watered with a water of an electrical conductivity (EC) = 0.3 dS m-1.

Saline treatments were designed as control treatment plus NaCl added specifically for

each treatment: S4 (4 dS m-1), S8 (8 dS m-1), corresponding to 44, 88 mM respectively.

All pots were irrigated three times per week without applying drainage.

Plant material, oven-dried at 80oC until it reached a constant weight, was ground to

obtain dry vegetable powder. The Cl- concentrations were analysed by a chloride

analyser in the aqueous extracts obtained by mixing 100 mg of dry vegetable powder

with 40 mL of water before shaking for 30 min and filtering. The cations concentrations

were determined in a digestion extract with HNO3:HClO4 (2:1, v/v) by inductively

coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICPOES IRIS INTREPID II XDL).

Leaf water potential (l) was estimated using a pressure chamber (Model 3000; Soil

Moisture Equipment Co., Santa Barbara, CA, USA). Leaves used for l measurements

were frozen in liquid nitrogen (-196oC) and stored at -30oC. After thawing, the osmotic

potential (s) was measured in the extracted sap using a WESCOR 5520 vapour

pressure osmometer (Wescor Inc., Logan, UT, USA). Leaf turgor (t) was estimated as

the difference between l and leaf osmotic potential (s). Leaf osmotic potential at full


turgor (100s) was estimated as indicated above for s, using excised leaves with their

petioles placed in distilled water overnight to reach full saturation.

The proline content was measured in leaves at the end of the experiment as described

in Pérez-Clemente et al. (2012). A calibration curve was performed using commercial

proline from 0 to 20 ppm as standard.

Stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) were measurement in six

leaves per treatment during the central hours of illumination using a gas exchange

system (LI-6400; LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA). Intrinsic water-use efficiency was

calculated based on the Pn/gs ratio.

Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured in detached leaves at the end of the

experiment with a chlorophyll fluorimeter (IMAGIM-PAM M-series, Heinz Walz,

Effeltrich, Germany) as described in Maxwell and Johnson (2000). The following

parameters were analysed: effective PSII quantum yield [Y(II)]; the quantum yield of

regulated energy dissipation [Y(NPQ)]; the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ); the

maximal PSII quantum yield (Fv/ Fm); the coefficients of non-photochemical quenching

(qN); and the photochemical quenching (qP).

The statistical analysis for studying differences between species was performed by t-

Student´s using R software as statistical package.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

One of the risks of growing plants in small containers under salt stress is the

accumulation of Na+ and Cl- in the substrate which can bring about an excessive

accumulation of toxic ions in all tissues (Table 1). The ability of plants to reduce salt

uptake rates and/or by controlled translocation to leaves can constitute an important

mechanism of plant survival under salt-stress (Acosta Motos et al. 2017b). Both

species in S4 and S8 treatments avoided the arrival of the phytotoxic ions (Na+ and Cl-)

to the aerial part, restricting the build-up of toxic concentrations in leaves. However,

eugenia plants cannot prevent the translocation of Na+ to the aerial part (Table 1).

Associated with these nutritional responses, an osmotic adjustment can be observed in

both species under S4 and S8 treatments. Although these responses were more

evident in eugenia plants which showed a higher increase in leaf turgor (Fig.1A) and a

higher decrease in leaf osmotic potential at full turgor (Fig. 1B). The main contributions

to this osmotic adjustment would be related to the higher Na+ concentrations in the

aerial part (Table 1) and as well as to the proline concentration (Fig. 1C) in eugenia

leaves (especially in S8 treatments). Both species showed similar values and therefore

not significant in the leaf water potential (Fig. 1D). In addition, although there was an

antagonism response between Na+ and K+ ions, the greater arrival of Na+ to the aerial

part was not accompanied by a great decrease in leaf K+ concentration, especially in

eugenia subjected to S8 treatments (Table 1). This behavior is due to the ability of the

protoplasm of some plants to tolerate high concentrations of salt by


compartmentalisation of toxic ions entering the vacuole (Acosta-Motos et al. 2017a).

This mechanism was observed in eugenia plants which prevented the Na+ toxic effects

by their accumulation in the vacuoles (include mechanisms) facilitating the role of K+ in

different physiological processes, including the stomatal opening. Photosynthetic rates

(Pn) and stomatal conductance (gs) levels were higher in eugenia plants than in myrtle

plants in all treatments (Figs. 2A and 2B). However, the severity of the saline

treatments decreased Pn and gs in both species especially in S8 treatment. In general,

plants show a tendency to reduce stomatal opening in response to salt stress which

may be a consequence of reduced root hydraulic conductivity and a decrease in leaf

water potential (Navarro et al. 2007; Álvarez et al. 2012). However, photosynthesis

activity can remain high in spite of stomatal closure reflected in greater values of

intrinsic water use efficiency (Pn/gs) as occurred in eugenia plants in response to salt

stress (Fig. 2C). Finally, gas exchange parameters in eugenia plants correlated with

higher values in the photochemical quenching parameters [qP, Y(II) and Fv/Fm)] and

lower values in the non-photochemical quenching parameters [qN, NPQ and Y(NPQ)],

regardless of the applied treatment, being the opposite response in myrtle (Table 2).

An increase in photochemical quenching parameters, as occurs in eugenia plants,

indicated a greater photosynthetic efficiency (Maxwell and Johnson, 2000). A decrease

in the non-photochemical quenching parameters, as occurs in myrtle plants, indicated a

safe mechanism for removing excess light energy in form of heat when photosynthetic

mechanism do not work correctly (Maxwell and Johnson, 2000).

In conclusion, different mechanisms of salt tolerance have evolved in eugenia and

myrtle plants, being eugenia who responded more actively to salt stress.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work was supported by Seneca Foundation of Murcia [19903/GERM/15].

REFERENCES

Acosta-Motos JR, Ortuño MF, Bernal-Vicente A, Diaz-Vivancos P, Sanchez-Blanco MJ, Hernandez JA (2017a) Plant Responses to Salt Stress: Adaptive Mechanisms, Agronomy, 7 (1), 18. Acosta-Motos, JR, Hernández JA, Álvarez S, Barba-Espín G, Sánchez-Blanco MJ (2017b) The long-term resistance mechanisms, critical irrigation threshold and relief capacity shown by Eugenia myrtifolia plants in response to saline reclaimed water, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 111, 244-256 Álvarez S, Gómez-Bellot MJ, Castillo M, Bañón S, Sánchez-Blanco MJ (2012) Osmotic and saline effect on growth, water relations, and ion uptake and translocation in Phlomis purpurea plants, Environmental and Experimental Botany, 78, 138-145 Maxwell K & Johnson GN (2000) Chlorophyll fluorescence—a practical guide, Journal of Experimental Botany, 51 (345), 659–668 Navarro A, Bañon S, Olmos E, Sánchez-Blanco MJ (2007) Effects of sodium chloride on water potential components, hydraulic conductivity, gas exchange and leaf ultrastructure of Arbutus unedo plants, Plant Science,172 (3), 473-480


Pérez-Clemente RM, Montoliu A, Zandalinas SI, de Ollas C, Gómez-Cadenas A (2012) Carrizo citrange plants do not require the presence of roots to modulate the response to osmotic stress, The Scientific World Journal, 2012, 1. Table 1. Different nutrients measured at the end of the experiment in both species subjected to different saline treatments.

t

(MP

a)

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8Eugenia Myrtle

1

00

s (M

Pa)

-1,5

-1,0

-0,5

Treatments

Control S4 S8

Pro

line (m

ol /

g F

W)

2

4

6

8

10

A B

C

Treatments

Control S4 S8

l

(MP

a)

-1,2

-1,0

-0,8

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2D

aa

aa

a

b

a

a

a

ab

a

a aa

aa

b

aa

a a

a a

Fig. 1. Water relations. Leaf turgor potential ( t: A), leaf osmotic potential at full turgor ( 100s; B), proline concentration (C) and leaf water potential ( l ; D) measured at the end of the experiment in both species subjected to different saline treatments.

Na+ in shoot Na+ in root

Control S4 S8 Control S4 S8

Eugenia 332.61 a 593.41 a 728.84 a 462.61 a 693.92 a 1000.36 a

Myrtle 109.66 b 177.96 b 160.12 b 212.42 b 424.52 b 499.56 b

P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001***

Cl- in shoot Cl- in root


Eugenia 236.62 a 296.71 a 338.03 a 360.57 a 548.36 a 1021.59 a

Myrtle 241.13 a 353.80 a 331.27 a 169.02 b 259.15 b 337.25 b

P>0.05 n.s P>0.05 n.s P>0.05 n.s P<0.01** P<0.001*** P<0.001***

K+ in shoot K+ in root


Eugenia 761.54 a 634.02 a 533.76 a 274.02 a 196.20 a 187.09 a

Myrtle 630.72 b 580.18 a 546.64 a 166.82 b 137.44 b 128.80 b

P<0.05* P>0.05 n.s P>0.05 n.s P<0.001*** P<0.01** P<0.01**


Programa

Miércoles, 3 de octubre de 2018

8:30-9:30 Inscripción y recogida de material del congreso (Hall del edificio

Agrónomos)

9:30-10:00 Acto de apertura del congreso (Aula Magna edificio Agronómos)

10:00-11:00 Sesión I: Chairman: Luis Andreu

10:00-10:30 Keynote speaker: Olfa Zarrouk

“Grape berry epidermis as protective barrier under

environmental stress”

10:30-10:45 Pretreatment with L-pyroglutamic acid induces drought

tolerance in lettuce. Jime nez-Arias, D., García-Machado, F.J.,

Luis, J.C., Morales-Sierra, S., Suárez, E., Valdés, F., Borges,

A.A.

10:45-11:00 Leaf structure and function: Possible link between gas

exchange and water relations among vascular plants. Nadal,

M, Flexas, J., Gulías, J.

11:00-11:30 Descanso-Café

11:30-13:00 Sesión I: Chairman: Luis Andreu

11:30-11:45 Water status and osmoprotective responses in lettuce

(Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.) grown under conditions of

water deficit. Blanch, M., García, G., Sánchez-Ballesta M.T.,

Escribano, M.I., Merodio, C.

11:45–12:00 Estudo ecofisiológio do abacaxi „Turiaçu‟ em regiões distintas

do Estado do Maranhão - Brasil cultivado sob adubação

mineral e orgânica. Ramos, L.M., Reis, F.O., Assunção,

A.K.S., Gonçalves R.S., Araújo, J.R.G., Reis, I. S.

12:00–12:15 Efecto de Pisolithus tinctorius en el funcionamiento hídrico y

fotosintético de plantas de Cistus albidus L. en condiciones de

estrés hídrico y con aporte extra de nitrógeno. Zugasti, I.,

Lorente, B., Ortuño., M.F., Hernández, J.A., Morte, A.,

Sánchez-Blanco, M.J.


12:15–12:30 Efecto de distintos niveles de desecación del suelo en la

fisiología de portainjertos de aguacate y en su capacidad de

recuperación. Moreno-Ortega G., Zumaquero A., Pliego C.,

Martínez-Ferri E.

12:30–12:45 On the suitability of improved tomato rootstocks to face

climate change: opposite response to water shortage between

commercial rootstock genotypes and drought-adapted

Ramellet landraces. Galmés, J., Fullana-Pericàs, M., Douthe,

C., Costea, G., Conesa, M.À.

12:45–13:00 Leaf water relations in Diospyros kaki under mild water

deficit. I. Griñán, P. Rodríguez, H. Nouri, E. Borsato, A.J.

Molina, D. Morales, Z.N. Cruz, M. Corell, A. Centeno, A.

Moriana, D. Pérez-López, A. Torrecillas, F. Hernández, A.

Galindo

13:00-15:00 Comida

15:00-17:00 Sesión II: Chairman: Margarida Vaz

15:00-15:30 Keynote speaker: Pedro Gavilán

“Consumo de Agua e Indicadores de Riego del Cultivo de la

Frambuesa en Huelva”

15:30-15:45 Growth sensitivity of young almond trees to water deficits:

Quantifying the dependence and forecasting the effects on

yield on subsequent years. Girona, J., Mata, M., del Campo,

J., Paris, C., Oliver, J., López, G.

15:45-16:00 Integración de la respuesta agronómica y fisiológica de dos

variedades de almendro (Prunus dulcis Mill.) a distintas

dotaciones hídricas. García-Tejero, I.F., Rubio-Casal, A.E.,

Gutiérrez-Gordillo, S., Durán-Zuazo, V.H.

16:00-16:15 Transpiration response to evaporative demand, soil water

deficit and branch pruning of a wild cherry tree plantation

growing under Mediterranean conditions. Molina, A.J.,

Aranda, X., Llorens, P., Galindo, A., Biel, C.

16:15-16:30 Regulated deficit irrigation scheduling in table olive based on

measurements of water potential during pit hardening.

Corell, M., Martín-Palomo, M.J., Girón, I., Andreu, L.,

Torrecillas, A., Centeno, A., Pérez-López, D., Moriana, A.


16:30-16:45 Riego Deficitario Controlado en olivo; redefinición de las fases

de crecimiento de la aceituna. Pérez-López, D, Centeno, A.,

Torrecillas, A., Galindo, A., Corell, M., Martin-Palomo, M.J.,

Girón, I., Moriana, A.


18:30-20:30 Visita cultural


Jueves, 4 de octubre de 2018

9:00-11:00 Sesión III: Chairman: María José Martín-Palomo

9:00-9:30 Keynote speaker: Arturo Torrecillas

"Fruit water relations as a tool to reduce fruit physiopathies

incidence and to increase fruit quality"

9:30-9:45 Effect of preharvest fruit bagging on fruit quality

characteristics and incidence of fruit physiopathies in fully

irrigated and water stressed pomegranate trees. I. Griñán, I.,

Morales, D., Galindo, A., Torrecillas, A., Pérez-López, D.,

Moriana, A., Collado-González, J., Carbonell-Barrachina,

A.A., Hernández, F.

9:45-10:00 Influencia del riego deficitario durante la frigoconservación de

cerezas „Prime Giant‟. Blanco, V., Blaya-Ros P.J., Martínez-

Hernández G.B., Torres-Sánchez, R., Artés-Hernández F.,

Domingo, R.

10:00-10:15 Controlled water stress application in almond trees and its

impact on the fruit quality parameters. Lipan, L., Corell, M.,

Sendra, E., Hernández, F., Burló, F., Vázquez, L., Moriana,

A., Carbonell, Á.

10:15-10:30 Effects of deficit irrigation, rootstock and roasting process on

the contents of fatty acids, phytoprostanes, and phytofuranes

in pistachio kernels. Collado-González, J., Cano-Lamadrid, M.,

Pérez-López, D., Carbonell-Barrachina, A.A., Centeno, A.,

Medina, S., Griñán, I., Guy, A., Galano, J.M., Durand, T.,

Ferreres, F., Torrecillas, A., Gil-Izquierdo, A.

10:30-10:45 El riego deficitario durante el período de síntesis del aceite

afecta a la calidad del aceite de oliva en los olivares de alta

densidad (cv. Arbequina). García, J.M., Hueso, A., Gómez-del-

Campo, M.

10:45-11:00 Bruising response in „Manzanilla de Sevilla‟ olives to RDI

strategies base on water potential. Casanova, L., Corell, M.,

Suárez, M.P., Rallo, P., Martín-Palomo, M.J., Morales-Sillero,

A., Moriana, A., Jiménez, M.R.


11:30-13:00 Sesión III: Chairman: María José Martín-Palomo


11:30-11:45 How olive growers can estimate sustainability of their water

management. Definition of a Hydrosustainable Index. Corell,

M, Martín-Palomo MJ, Carrillo, T., Collado, J, Hernández-

García, F, Girón, I, Andreu, L., Centeno, A, Pérez-López, D,

Carbonell-Barrachina, A, Moriana, A.

11:45-12:00 Influence of Spanish-style processing and regulated deficit

irrigation in „Manzanilla de Sevilla‟ olives quality attributes.

Sánchez-Rodríguez, L., Moriana, A., Hernández, F., Sendra,

E., Martín-Palomo, M.J., Carbonell-Barrachina, A.A.

12:00-12:15 The crop water productivity, that false friend. Fernández,

J.E., Díaz-Espejo, A., Cuevas, M.V., Hernandez-Santana, V.

12:15-12:30 The pitfalls of water potential measurements to schedule

irrigation. García-Tejera, O., López-Bernal, A., Orgaz, F.,

Testi, L., Villalobos, F.J.

12:30-12:45 La eficiencia en el uso del agua como criterio de selección.

Influencia del ambiente y el genotipo. Tortosa, I., Escalona, J.

M., Medrano, H.

12:45-13:00 Changes in water use efficiency and plant quality of Phillyrea

angustifolia in response to deficit irrigation. Álvarez, S.,

Gómez-Bellot, M.J., Acosta-Motos, J.R., Sánchez-Blanco, M.J.

13:00-15:00 Comida

15:00-17:00 Sesión IV. Chairman: Jorge Marques da Silva

15:00-15:30 Keynote speaker: Hava Rapoport

“Cellular processes of fruit tissues in response to water deficits”

15:30-15:45 Water status modifies the relative sink activity of mesocarp,

endocarp and oil during olive fruit development. Rapoport, H.

F., Centeno, A., Casanova, L., Jiménez, M. R., Pérez-López, D.

15:45-16:00 A new system for irrigation scheduling based on leaf turgor

pressure related measurements. Romero, R., Fernández, J.E.,

Palma, M., Nozal, F.

16:00-16:15 Ground data to validate satellite estimations of the net

radiation components, surface temperature and soil moisture

in an irrigated maize field (Ebro Valley, NE Spain). Correia,

B., Rodrigo, G., Fontanet, M., Olivera, L., Bellvert, J., Ferrer,

F.


16:15-16:30 Limitations of trunk diameter fluctuations in the deficit

irrigation scheduling of almond orchards. Martín-Palomo,

M.J., Corell, M., Girón, I., Andreu, L., Trigo, E., Torrecillas,

A., Centeno, A., Pérez-López, D., Moriana, A.

16:30-16:45 El portainjerto altera la sensibilidad de las fluctuaciones del

diámetro del tronco para detectar cambios en el estado hídrico

en limonero. Robles, J.M., Mira-García, A.B., Quinto, V.,

Olivares, L., Pérez-Pérez, J.G.

16:45-17:00 Efectos de la cubierta vegetal en la dinámica de agua en el

suelo y en el comportamiento agronómico de la vid. Sancho,

P., Hernández-Montes, E., Romero-Munar, A., Canyelles, G.,

Escalona, J.M.

17:00-17:15 Programación del riego del cultivo de la fresa usando el

pronóstico meteorológico. Gavilán, P., Ruiz, N., Lozano, D.


17:45-18:30 Visionado de posters

18:30-19:30 Reunión grupo relaciones hídricas de la SEFV

21:30- Cena de gala


Viernes, 5 de octubre de 2018

9:00-11:00 Sesión V. Chairman: María Gómez del Campo

9:00-9:30 Keynote speaker: Miguel Costa

“Water as a strategic resource for crops to withstand climate

change in Mediterranean agriculture”

9:30-9:45 Potential impacts of climate change on agricultural systems

in three Mediterranean basins for the first half of the XXIst

century. Aranda X., Funes I., Biel C., de Herralde F., Grau B.,

Pla E., Pascual D., Zabalza J., Vicente-Serrano S., Cantos G.,

Borràs G., Savé R.

9:45-10:00 Deficit irrigation as an adaptation measure to withstand

climate change in Mediterranean vineyards –pro and cons for

the Alentejo winegrowing region. Costa, J. M., Egipto, R.,

Lopes, C.M., Chaves M.M.

10:00-10:15 Ready for the worst: Mediterranean landraces as a source to

improve tolerance to water stress in tomato. Fullana-Pericàs,

M., Conesa, M.À., Douthe, C., El Aou-ouad, H., Costea, G.,

Alonso, D., Canyelles, J., Fontclara, J.M., Coll, X., Galmés, J.

10:15-10:30 Water scarcity alleviation through water footprint reduction

in agriculture: The effect of mulching and drip irrigation.

Nouri, H., Stokvis, B., Galindo, A., Hoekstra, A.Y.

10:30-10:45 Irrigated Cork Oaks Trees – an Ecophysiological Approach.

Dinis, C., Camilo-Alves, C, Nunes, J., Mota Barroso, J.,

Pinheiro A.C., Ribeiro, N.A., Vaz, M.

10:45-11:00 Cork production and a new reality: Deficit irrigation of cork

oak trees. What physiological changes are expected? (a

review). Vaz, M,. Camilo-Alves, C., Dinis, C., Mota Barroso,

J., Pinheiro, A.C., Ribeiro, N.A.


11:30-12:30 Sesión V. Chairman: María Gómez del Campo

11:30-11:45 Sequías extremas en bosques Mediterráneos: aún hay margen

para la recuperación. Forner A., Aranda I., Valladares F.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hanan_El_Aou-Ouad


11:45-12:00 Remote sensing water stress in an olive orchard from UAV

platforms. Almeida, A., López de Herrera, J., Hueso, A., Saa-

Requejo, A., Moratiel, R., Baeza, P., González-Garcia, C.,

Moya, A., Tarquis, A.M., Gómez del Campo, M.

12:00-12:15 Variación espacio-temporal de los isotopos estables de agua en

el suelo y en el xilema. Estimación del patrón de extracción de

agua del suelo en pinares en una pequeña cuenca de montaña.

Llorens, P., Molina, A.J., Cayuela, C., Sánchez-Costa, E.,

Gallart, F., Levia, D., Latron, J.

12:15-12:30 Genetic variability in functional response to drought across

years in an evergreen tree. de Miguel, M., Segura, R., Delzon,

S., Burtlett, R., Laoué, J., Geslin, R., Plomion, C., Gion, J.M.,

Bouffier, L., Porté, A.

12:30-13:00 Conferencia ganador/a del Premio Ibérico de Investigación en

Relaciones Hídricas

13:00-13:30 Acto de Clausura

DIFFERENCES IN NUTRIENT UPTAKE, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL

PARAMETERS IN EUGENIA AND MYRTLE PLANTS UNDER SALT STRESS

Mediterranean areas with high temperatures and low rainfall are characterised by limited wateravailability. In addition, a future scenario of climate change related with extreme environmentalconditions as drought forces to look for others water sources in order to preserve natural fresh water.Saline waters can be an option in irrigation strategies for efficient water management particularly forornamental shrubs in landscaping. Most revegetation and xeriscape projects use a set of plant varietiesthat show different levels of resistance (tolerance and avoidance) to salinity.

Salt stress is a well‐known type of abiotic stress that produces malfunctions in many physiologicaland metabolic processes with a resulting reduction in plant growth and productivity (Acosta‐Motos etal. 2017a). However, the salinity tolerance of most plants depends on the amount of saline water thatcan be applied for plant production, especially when plants grown in small commercial containers.

The presence of NaCl in the soil and the irrigation water is one of the main factors limiting plantgrowth. Salt‐stress affects different physiological and biochemical processes, affecting water relations,gas exchange and nutrient balance.

A good approach to know different strategies to cope with salt stress was study two ornamentalspecies of the same family, in this case of Myrtaceae family: Myrtus communis (myrtle) plants asornamental endemic species and Eugenia myrtifolia (eugenia) as ornamental shrub native to tropicalareas in Asia and Oceania and subtropical areas in South America.

INTRODUCTION

JR. Acosta‐Motos1, JA. Hernández2, MJ. Sánchez‐Blanco31Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos (Murcia) 2Grupo de Biotecnología de Frutales, CEBAS‐CSIC, 30100, Campus de Espinardo

(Murcia). 3Grupo de Estrés Abiótico, CEBAS‐CSIC, 30100, Campus de Espinardo (Murcia) ,3Dpto. Riego, CEBAS‐CSIC, 30100, Campus de Espinardo (Murcia).

Na+ in shoot Na+ in root Control S4 S8 Control S4 S8 Eugenia 332.61 a 593.41 a 728.84 a 462.61 a 693.92 a 1000.36 a Myrtle 109.66 b 177.96 b 160.12 b 212.42 b 424.52 b 499.56 b P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001***

Cl‐ in shoot Cl‐ in root Control S4 S8 Control S4 S8 Eugenia 236.62 a 296.71 a 338.03 a 360.57 a 548.36 a 1021.59 a Myrtle 241.13 a 353.80 a 331.27 a 169.02 b 259.15 b 337.25 b P>0.05 n.s P>0.05 n.s P>0.05 n.s P<0.01** P<0.001*** P<0.001***

K+ in shoot K+ in root Control S4 S8 Control S4 S8 Eugenia 761.54 a 634.02 a 533.76 a 274.02 a 196.20 a 187.09 a Myrtle 630.72 b 580.18 a 546.64 a 166.82 b 137.44 b 128.80 b P<0.05* P>0.05 n.s P>0.05 n.s P<0.001*** P<0.01** P<0.01**

Table 1. Different nutrients measured at the end of the experiment in both species subjected to

different saline treatments.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

MATERIAL AND METHODS

t

(MP

a)

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8Eugenia Myrtle

1

00s

(MP

a)

-1,5

-1,0

-0,5

Treatments

Control S4 S8

Pro

line

(m

ol /

g F

W)

2

4

6

8

10

A B

C

Treatments

Control S4 S8

l

(MP

a)

-1,2

-1,0

-0,8

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2D

aa

aa

a

b

a

a

a

ab

a

a aa

aa

b

aa

a a

a a

Treatments

Control S4 S8

g s (m

mol

m-2

s-1

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70B

Treatments

Control S4 S8

Pn

/ gs

(m

ol C

O2

mm

ol-1

H2O

)

0

50

100

150

200

250C

Treatments

Control S4 S8

Pn

(m

ol m

-2 s

-1)

0

2

4

6

8 Eugenia Myrtle

A

aa

a

bb b

a

b

a

ba

b

a

b

a

b

a

b

qP Y(II) Control S4 S8 Control S4 S8 Eugenia 0.77 a 0.76 a 0.75 a 0.47 a 0.46 a 0.45 a Myrtle 0.67 b 0.72 b 0.70 b 0.29 b 0.38 b 0.35 b

P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** Fv/Fm qN Control S4 S8 Control S4 Control

Eugenia 0.76 a 0.75 a 0.76 a 0.62 b 0.64 b 0.62 b Myrtle 0.67 b 0.70 b 0.72 b 0.76 a 0.70 a 0.76 a

P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** NPQ Y(NPQ) Control S4 S8 Control S4 Control

Eugenia 0.27 b 0.27 b 0.31 b 0.27 b 0.28 b 0.30 b Myrtle 0.37 a 0.38 a 0.53 a 0.40 a 0.41 a 0.52 a

P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001*** P<0.001***

Table 2. Fluorescence parameters measured at the end of the experiment in both species subjectedto different saline treatments.

Fig. 1. Leaf turgor potential (t: A), leaf osmotic potential at full turgor (100s; B), proline concentration (C)and leaf water potential (l ; D) measured at the end of the experiment in both species subjected todifferent saline treatments.

Fig. 2. Photosynthesis (Pn; A), stomatal conductance (gs; B) and intrinsic water use efficiency (Pn/gs; C) )measured at the end of the experiment in both species subjected to different saline treatments.

REFERENCESAcosta‐Motos et al. (2017a) Agronomy, 7 (1), 18.Acosta‐Motos et al. (2017b) Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 111, 244‐256Álvarez et al. (2012) Environmental and Experimental Botany, 78, 138‐145Maxwell K & Johnson GN (2000) Journal of Experimental Botany, 51 (345), 659–668Navarro et al. (2007) Plant Science,172 (3), 473‐480Pérez‐Clemente et al. (2012) The Scientific World Journal, 13Scholander (1965) Science, 148, 339‐346.This work was supported by Seneca Foundation of Murcia [19903/GERM/15].

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Control S4 S8(0.3 dS m‐1) (4 dS m‐1) (8 dS m‐1)

30 plants per species and treatment

Controlled growth chamber

Photoperiod (16/8 hours) Temperature (23ºC/18ºC)

Light intensity (350 mol m‐2 s‐1)

Relative Humidity (55%/70%).

Mineral content in shoots and roots: ICP‐OES IRIS INTRPID II XDL at the end of theexperiment.

Plant water status: Leaf water potential using a presure chamber (Scholander, 1965), leafturgor potential, leaf osmotic potential at full turgor.

Proline concentration in leaves: (Pérez‐Clemente et al. 2012).

Gas exchange: Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in leaf using LICOR LI‐6400Fluorescence parameters: using a IMAGIM‐PAMM‐series fluorometer (Walz, Germany).

Measurements

The ability of plants to reduce salt uptake rates and/or by controlledtranslocation to leaves can constitute an important mechanism of plantsurvival under salt‐stress (Acosta Motos et al. 2017b). Both species in S4 andS8 treatments avoided the arrival of the phytotoxic ions (Na+ and Cl‐) to theaerial part, restricting the build‐up of toxic concentrations in leaves.However, eugenia plants involved Na+ and Cl‐ accumulation by the roots to agreater extent. The greater arrival of Na+ to the aerial part was notaccompanied by a great decrease in leaf K+ concentration, especially ineugenia subjected to S8 treatments (Table 1) .

Eugenia plants showed a higher increase in leaf turgor (Fig.1A) and a higherdecrease in leaf osmotic potential at full turgor in S8 treatment (Fig. 1B). Themain contributions to this osmotic adjustment in eugenia would be related tothe higher Na+ concentrations in the aerial part (Table 1) and as well as to theproline concentration (Fig. 1C). Both species showed similar values in the leafwater potential, although with a tendency to decrease in saline treatments (Fig.1D).

Gas exchange parameters in eugenia plants correlated with higher valuesin the photochemical quenching parameters [qP, Y(II) and Fv/Fm)] andlower values in the non‐photochemical quenching parameters [qN, NPQand Y(NPQ)], regardless of the applied treatment, being the oppositeresponse in myrtle (Table 2). An increase in photochemical quenchingparameters, as occurs in eugenia plants, indicated a greaterphotosynthetic efficiency (Maxwell and Johnson, 2000). A decrease in thenon‐photochemical quenching parameters, as occurs in myrtle plants,indicated a safe mechanism for removing excess light energy in form ofheat when photosynthetic mechanism do not work correctly (Maxwelland Johnson, 2000)

Photosynthetic rates (Pn) and stomatal conductance (gs) levels were higher in eugenia plants than in myrtle plants in alltreatments (Figs. 2A and 2B). However, the severity of the saline treatment (S8) decreased gs especially in eugenia. In general,plants show a tendency to reduce stomatal opening in response to salt stress which may be a consequence of reduced roothydraulic conductivity and a decrease in leaf water potential (Navarro et al. 2007; Álvarez et al. 2012). However, photosynthesisactivity can remain high in spite of stomatal closure reflected in greater values of intrinsic water use efficiency (Pn/gs) as occurredin eugenia plants in response to salt stress (Fig. 2C).

CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, different mechanisms of salt tolerance have evolved in eugenia and myrtle plants, being eugenia who responded more actively to salt stress by involving Na+ and Cl‐ accumulation by the roots, higher osmotic adjustment degree and leaf turgor, higher intrinsic water use efficiency and a greater photosynthetic efficiency.

editores - universidad católica san antonio de murcia...simposio internacional de relaciones...

Documents